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{{Infobox Politician
{{slavery}}
|image = Replace this image male.svg <!-- only free-content images are allowed for depicting living people - see [[WP:NONFREE]] -->
A '''slave rebellion''' is an armed uprising by [[slavery|slaves]]. Slave [[list of revolutions and rebellions|rebellions]] have occurred in nearly all societies that practice slavery, and are amongst the most feared events for slaveholders. Famous historic slave rebellions have been led by [[Denmark Vesey]]; the [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] slave [[Spartacus]]; the [[thrall]] Tunni who rebelled against the Swedish king [[Ongenþeow]], a rebellion that needed Danish assistance to be quelled; the poet-prophet [[Ali bin Muhammad]], who led imported east African slaves in Iraq during the [[Zanj Rebellion]] against the [[Abbasid Caliphate]] in the ninth century; [[Madison Washington]] during the [[Creole case]] in 19th century America; and [[Granny Nanny]] of the [[Maroon (people)|Maroons]] who rebelled against the British in Jamaica.
|imagesize = 150px |
| name = Antônio Salim Curiati
| width = 200px
| height = 200px
| caption =
| office = [[List of Mayors of São Paulo|Mayor of São Paulo]] (appointed)
| term_start = [[13 May]], [[1982]]
| term_end = [[14 March]], [[1983]]
| predecessor = [[Reinaldo Emídio de Barros|Reinaldo de Barros]]
| successor = [[Francisco Altino Lima]]
| constituency =
| majority =
| birth_date = [[13 February]] [[1928]]
| birth_place = [[Avare]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| party = [[Partido Progressista (Brasil)|PP]]
| relations =
| spouse =
| civil partner =
| children =
| residence =
| occupation = [[Medic]]
| religion =
| signature =
| website =
| footnotes =
}}


'''Antônio Salim Curiati''' ([[Avaré]], [[13 February]] [[1928]] is a [[Brazil]]ian [[medic]], and [[politician]]. He was [[Mayor of São Paulo]] from [[13 May]] [[1982]] to [[14 March]] [[1983]].
==Europe==


== Early life ==
Ancient [[Sparta]] had a special type of [[Serfdom|serf]]-like ''[[helots]]''. Their masters treated them harshly and helots often resorted to rebellions.<ref>[http://ancienthistory.about.com/cs/sparta/a/spartamilitstat.htm Sparta - A Military City-State]</ref> According to [[Herodotus]] (IX, 28–29), helots were seven times as numerous as Spartans. Every autumn, according to [[Plutarch]] (''Life of Lycurgus'', 28, 3–7), the Spartan [[ephor]]s would [[pro forma]] declare war on the [[helot]] population so that any Spartan citizen could kill a helot without fear of blood or guilt (''[[crypteia]]'').


He is son of [[lebanese]] imigrants. Initially he studied at Scholar Group "Matilde Vieira" in ([[Avaré]] but later moved to [[Sao Paulo]] and attended the [[Colégio Arquidiocesano]]. He later joined the [[Escola Paulista de Medicina]] where he could become an specialist in [[ENT]]
Probably the most famous slave rebellion in [[Europe]] was that led by [[Spartacus]] in [[Roman Empire|Roman]] [[Italy]], the [[Third Servile War]].<ref>[http://ancienthistory.about.com/cs/slavesandslavery/a/slavewars.htm The Sicilian Slave Wars and Spartacus]</ref> This was the third in a series of unrelated [[Roman Servile Wars|Servile Wars]] fought by [[Slavery in ancient Rome|slaves to the Romans]].


== Political Life ==
[[English peasants' revolt of 1381]] led to calls for the reform of feudalism in [[England]] and an increase in rights for the serf class. Peasants' Revolt was one of a number of [[popular revolts in late medieval Europe]]. [[Richard II of England|Richard II]] agreed to reforms such as fair rents and the abolition of [[serfdom]]. Following the collapse of the revolt, the king's concessions were quickly revoked, but rebellion is significant because it marked the beginning of the end of serfdom in medieval England.<ref>'''chicken noodles are delish!['''[[Image:]]http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Acropolis/2691/COS.html Chronology Of Slavery]</ref>


He was [[state deputy]] in [[São Paulo]] in [[1966]] for the first time, [[Federal Deputy]] from [[1987]] to [[1991]] having the opportunity to be part of [[Assembléia Nacional Constituinte|Assembléia Constituinte]] which promulgated the [[Constituição brasileira|Carta Magna]] of [[1988]]. In [[2006]] he was elected for his 8th term as [[State Deputy]].
In [[Russia]], the slaves were usually classified as [[kholop]]s. A kholop's master had unlimited power over his life. Slavery remained a major institution in [[Russia]] until the 1723, when the [[Peter the Great]] converted the household slaves into house [[Serfdom in Russia|serfs]]. Russian agricultural slaves were formally converted into serfs earlier in 1679.<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24160 Ways of ending slavery]</ref> [[16th century|16th]] and [[17th century|17th centuries]] runaway serfs and kholops known as [[Cossacks]] (‘outlaws’) formed
autonomous communities in the southern steppes.


== Short Term as Mayor and Secretarial Roles ==
There were numerous rebellions against the slavery and [[serfdom]], most often in conjunction with Cossack uprisings, such as the uprisings of [[Ivan Bolotnikov]] (1606-1607), [[Stenka Razin]] ([[1667]]-[[1671]]),<ref>[http://www.fsmitha.com/h3/h20russ.htm Russia before Peter the Great]</ref> [[Kondraty Bulavin]] ([[1707]]-[[1709]]), and [[Yemelyan Pugachev]] ([[1773]]-[[1775]]), often involving hundreds of thousands and sometimes millions.<ref>[http://schools.cbe.ab.ca/b628/social/russia/rebellions.html Rebellions]</ref> Between the end of the [[Pugachev rebellion]] and the beginning of the 19th century, there were hundreds of outbreaks across Russia.<ref>[http://www.nybooks.com/articles/4503 The Slave Revolts]</ref>


He was [[Mayor of São Paulo]] from [[13 May]] [[1982]] to [[14 March]] [[1983]] and is one of the main carachters of [[Partido Progressista (Brasil)|PP]] in [[São Paulo]].
==South America and Caribbean==
*[[Quilombo dos Palmares]] in Brazil most famously led by [[Zumbi]].
*The most successful slave uprising in the Americas was that the [[Haitian Revolution]], which began in 1791 and was eventually led by [[Toussaint L'Ouverture]], culminating in the independent black republic of [[Haiti]].
*[[Panama]] also has an extensive history of slave rebellions going back to the 16th century. Slaves were brought to the [[isthmus]] from many regions in [[Africa]] now in modern day countries like the [[Democratic Republic of the Congo|Congo]], [[Senegal]], [[Guinea]], and [[Mozambique]]. Immediately before their arrival on shore, or very soon after, many enslaved Africans revolted against their captors, or participated in mass [[maroon (people)|maroon]]age, or desertion. The freed Africans founded communities in the forests and mountains, organized [[guerrilla warfare|guerrilla]] bands known as [[Cimarron people (Panama)|Cimarrones]], and began a long guerrilla war against the [[Spain|Spanish]] [[Conquistadores]], sometimes in conjunction with nearby indigenous communities like the [[Kuna (people)|Kuna]] and the [[Guaymí]]. Despite massacres by the Spanish, the rebels fought until the Spanish crown was forced to concede to treaties that granted the Africans a life without Spanish violence and incursions. The leaders of the guerrilla revolts included [[Felipillo]], [[Bayano]], [[Juan de Dioso]], [[Domingo Congo]], Antón Mandinga, and [[Luis de Mozambique]].
*[[Tacky's War]] (1760)
*[[Suriname]], constant [[guerrilla]] warfare by [[Maroon (people)|Maroons]], in 1765-1793 by the [[Aluku]] led by [[Boni (Maroon leader)|Boni]]
*[[Berbice]], 1763 slave revolt, led by [[Cuffy (person)|Cuffy]]
*[[Cuba]], 1795, 1798, 1802, 1805, 1812 (Aponte revolt), 1825, 1827, 1829, 1833, 1834, 1835, 1838, 1839-43, 1844 (La Escalera conspiracy and revolt)
*[[Curaçao]], 1795 slave revolt, led by [[Tula (Curaçao)|Tula]]
*[[Venezuela]], [[José Leonardo Chirino's Insurrection]] 1795
*[[Barbados]], 1816 slave revolt, led by [[Bussa]]
*[[Guyana]], The [[Demerara]] Rebellions of 1795 and 1823<ref name=mcgowan>{{cite web|


He also served as State Secretary of Social Promotion during [[Paulo Maluf]] term as Governor of Sao Paulo from ([[1979]] to [[1982]]), City Secretary of Family and Social Welfare ([[1993]] to [[1994]]) and City Secretary of Communitary Affairs ([[1995]] to [[1998]]).
|url=http://www.stabroeknews.com/index.pl/article?id=56501710
|title=The 1763 and 1823 slave rebellions
|author=McGowan, Winston
|year=2006
|accessdate=December 07|accessyear=2006
|publisher=Starbroeck News}}</ref>


*[[Jamaica|Jamaica's]] [[Baptist War]], 1831-1832, led by the Baptist preacher, [[Samuel Sharpe]].
*[[Bahia]] Rebellion of 1835 (The Great Revolt)([[Brazil]])<ref name = "19th Century Jihaad Movements of Western Sudan "/>.
*[[Bahia]] Rebellion of 1822-1830([[Brazil]])<ref name = "19th Century Jihaad Movements of Western Sudan "/>.
*[[Bahia]] Rebellion of 1835 ([[Brazil]])<ref name="19th Century Jihaad Movements of Western Sudan ">{{cite web|url=http://www.africanholocaust.net/news_ah/bahiaslaverevolts.html|publisher="[[Muhammad Shareef]]"|title="A Continuity of the 19th Century Jihaad Movements of Western Sudan "|}}</ref>.
*In the [[British Virgin Islands]], minor slave revolts occurred in 1790, 1823 and 1830.
*[[St. John, U.S. Virgin Islands]], [[1733 slave insurrection on St. John]], it was the first successful slave rebellion in the [[Western Hemisphere]]


== North America ==
Numerous black slave rebellions and insurrections took place in [[North America]] during the 18th and 19th centuries. There is documentary evidence of more than 250 uprisings or attempted uprisings involving ten or more slaves. Three of the best known in the [[United States]] are the revolts by [[Gabriel Prosser]] in [[Virginia]] in 1800, [[Denmark Vesey]] in [[Charleston, South Carolina]] in 1822, and [[Nat Turner]] in [[Southampton County, Virginia]], in 1831.


Slave resistance in the [[antebellum South]] finally became the focus of historical scholarship in the 1940s, when historian [[Herbert Aptheker]] started publishing the first serious scholarly work on the subject. Aptheker stressed how the rebellion was rooted in the exploitative conditions of the Southern slave system. He traversed libraries and archives throughout the South, managing to uncover roughly 250 similar instances, though none of them reached the scale of the Nat Turner uprising.


==References==
[[John Brown (abolitionist)|John Brown]] had already fought against pro-slavery forces in [[Kansas]] for several years when he decided to lead a raid on [[Harpers Ferry]], [[Virginia]] ([[West Virginia]] was not yet a [[state]]). This raid was a joint attack by former slaves, freed blacks, and white men who had corresponded with slaves on plantations in order to form a general uprising amongst slaves. It almost succeeded, had it not been for Brown's delay, and hundreds of slaves left their plantations to join Brown's force - and others left their plantations to join Brown in an escape to the mountains. Eventually, due to a tactical error by Brown, their force was quelled. But directly following this, slave disobedience and runaways sky-rocketed in Virginia.<ref>Louis A. DeCaro Jr., John Brown--The Cost of Freedom: Selections from His Life & Letters (New York: International Publishers, 2007), 16.</ref>


http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ant%C3%B4nio_Salim_Curiati
{{North American Slave Revolts}}
*[[Gaspar Yanga]]'s Revolt (c. 1570) near the Mexican city of [[Veracruz (city)|Veracruz]]; the group then escaped to the highlands and built a free colony
*[[Gloucester County, Virginia Revolt]] (1663)<ref>''Slave Insurrections in the United States, 1800-1865''
By Joseph Cephas Carroll. Page 13</ref>
*[[New York Slave Revolt of 1712]]
*[[Stono Rebellion]] (1739)
*[[New York Slave Insurrection of 1741]]
*[[Gabriel Prosser|Gabriel]]'s Rebellion (1800)
*[[Chatham Manor]] Rebellion (1805)
*Louisiana Territory Slave Rebellion, led by [[Charles Deslondes]] (1811)
*[[George Boxley]] Rebellion (1815)
*[[Denmark Vesey]]'s Uprising (1822)
*[[Nat Turner's slave rebellion]] (1831)
*[[Black Seminole Slave Rebellion]] (1835-1838)
*[[Amistad (case)|Amistad Seizure]] (1839)
*[[John Brown (abolitionist)|John Brown]] raids [[Harpers Ferry, West Virginia|Harpers Ferry, Virginia]] (1859)


* [http://www.al.sp.gov.br/portal/site/Internet/BuscaUnificada?vgnextoid=f1d82c83b5838110VgnVCM100000590014acRCRD&texto= Assembléia Legislativa ESP]
==Middle East==


The [[Zanj Revolt]] against the [[Abbasid]] Caliphate took place in Southern [[Iraq]] near the city of [[Basra]] between 869 and 879 AD.<ref>[http://concise.britannica.com/ebc/article-9078242/Zanj Zanj rebellion]</ref> The "Zanj" were slaves from [[East Africa]], since the term [[Zanj]] describes the East African coast. There were large numbers of people imported from East Africa via [[Somali]] and [[Ethiopian]] ports from as far as [[Southern Sudan]]. The slaves were mainly used to work on the massive irrigation projects of the area. The origin of the word "Zanj" comes from [[Persian language|Persian]], and is related to the names in East Africa of "Zanzibar" which is also known to have 9th century links to the [[Middle East]].<ref name="Arab Slave Trade">{{cite web|url=http://www.arabslavetrade.com|publisher="[[Owen 'Alik Shahadah]]"|title="Zanj Rebellion"|}}</ref>. They were led by [[Ali ibn Muhammad|ˤAlī ibn Muħammad]], who claimed descent from [[Ali|ˤAlī]], the fourth [[Caliph]], in a campaign against the central government based in [[Samarra]].


==Africa==


In 1808 and 1825 there were slave rebellions in the [[Cape Colony]], newly acquired by the British. Although the slave trade was officially abolished in the [[British Empire]] by the [[Slave Trade Act]] of 1807, and slavery itself a generation later with the [[Slavery Abolition Act 1833]], it took until 1850 to be halted in the territories which were to become [[South Africa]].
<ref>Giliomee, Hermann (2003). "The Afrikaners", Chapter 4 - Masters, Slaves and Servants, the fear of gelykstelling, Page 93,94</ref>


{{start box}}
==Bibliography==
{{Succession box | before=[[Reinaldo Emídio de Barros|Reinaldo de Barros]] | title=[[List of Mayors of São Paulo|Mayor of São Paulo]] | after=[[Francisco Altino Lima]] | years=1982 &ndash; 1983}}
*Herbert Aptheker, ''American Negro Slave Revolts'', 6. ed., New York :
{{end box}}
International Publ., 1993 - classic
{{Mayors of São Paulo}}
*David P. Geggus, ed., T''he Impact of the Haitian Revolution in the Atlantic World'', Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 2001
*Eugene D. Genovese, ''From Rebellion to Revolution: Afro-American Slave Revolts in the Making of the Modern World'', Louisiana State University Press 1980
*Joao Jose Reis, ''Slave Rebellion in Brazil: The Muslim Uprising of 1835 in Bahia'' (Johns Hopkins Studies in Atlantic History and Culture), Johns Hopkins Univ Press 1993
*Rodriguez, Junius P., ed. ''Encyclopedia of Slave Resistance and Rebellion''. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2007.
*Rodriguez, Junius P., ed. ''Slavery in the United States: A Social, Political, and Historical Encyclopedia''. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2007.


{{Persondata
|NAME=Curiati, Antonio Salim
|ALTERNATIVE NAMES=
|SHORT DESCRIPTION=[[Mayor of São Paulo]]
|DATE OF BIRTH=[[February 13]], [[1928]]
|PLACE OF BIRTH=[[Avaré]]
|DATE OF DEATH=
|PLACE OF DEATH=
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Curiati, Antonio Salim}}
[[Category:Mayors of São Paulo]]
[[Category:1928 births]]
[[Category:Brazilian politicians]]


[[pt:Antônio Salim Curiati]]
==External links==
*[http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part1/1p285.html PBS online article: New York: The Revolt of 1712]
*[http://www.johnhorse.com Rebellion: John Horse and the Black Seminoles, First Black Rebels to Beat American Slavery], these maroons affiliated with Seminole Indians in Florida led a slave rebellion that would be the largest in U.S. history.
*[http://www.africanholocaust.net/news_ah/bahiaslaverevolts.html Bahia Revolt]
* Hahn, Steven. "[http://www.southernspaces.org/contents/2004/hahn/1.htm The Greatest Slave Rebellion in Modern History: Southern Slaves in the American Civil War]" ''Southern Spaces''
*[http://www.britannica.com/blackhistory/article-24175 Welcome to Encyclopædia Britannica's Guide to Black History]

==References and notes==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Slave rebellions| ]]
[[Category:African American history]]
[[Category:Slavery]]
[[Category:Slave trade]]

[[de:Sklavenaufstand]]

Revision as of 17:57, 13 October 2008

Antônio Salim Curiati
Mayor of São Paulo (appointed)
In office
13 May, 1982 – 14 March, 1983
Preceded byReinaldo de Barros
Succeeded byFrancisco Altino Lima
Personal details
Born13 February 1928
Avare
Political partyPP
Height200px
OccupationMedic

Antônio Salim Curiati (Avaré, 13 February 1928 is a Brazilian medic, and politician. He was Mayor of São Paulo from 13 May 1982 to 14 March 1983.

Early life

He is son of lebanese imigrants. Initially he studied at Scholar Group "Matilde Vieira" in (Avaré but later moved to Sao Paulo and attended the Colégio Arquidiocesano. He later joined the Escola Paulista de Medicina where he could become an specialist in ENT

Political Life

He was state deputy in São Paulo in 1966 for the first time, Federal Deputy from 1987 to 1991 having the opportunity to be part of Assembléia Constituinte which promulgated the Carta Magna of 1988. In 2006 he was elected for his 8th term as State Deputy.

Short Term as Mayor and Secretarial Roles

He was Mayor of São Paulo from 13 May 1982 to 14 March 1983 and is one of the main carachters of PP in São Paulo.

He also served as State Secretary of Social Promotion during Paulo Maluf term as Governor of Sao Paulo from (1979 to 1982), City Secretary of Family and Social Welfare (1993 to 1994) and City Secretary of Communitary Affairs (1995 to 1998).



References

http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ant%C3%B4nio_Salim_Curiati



Preceded by Mayor of São Paulo
1982 – 1983 		Succeeded by

Template:Persondata

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