Back to the Future (franchise) and Dennis the Menace (U.S. comics): Difference between pages

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{{otheruses4|the American comic strip||Dennis the Menace}}
{{Internal links|date=April 2008}}
{{Infobox Film
| name = Back to the Future trilogy
| image =
| image_size =
| caption = Back to the Future trilogy DVD box set
| director = [[Robert Zemeckis]]
| writer = [[Bob Gale]] <br> [[Robert Zemeckis]]
| starring = [[Michael J. Fox]] <br> [[Christopher Lloyd]] <br> [[Thomas F. Wilson]] <br> [[Lea Thompson]] <br> [[James Tolkan]] <br> [[Claudia Wells]] (Part 1)<br> [[Elisabeth Shue]] (Parts 2 & 3)<br> [[Crispin Glover]] (Part 1)<br> [[Jeffrey Weissman]] (Parts 2 & 3)<br> [[Mary Steenburgen]] (Part 3)
| distributor = [[Universal Pictures]]
| released = 1985-1990
| runtime = 337 minutes
| country = [[United States|USA]]
| language = [[English language|English]]
| budget =
| gross = [[USD|$]]957 million
| website=http://www.bttfmovie.com
| imdb_id = 88763
}}


{{Infobox comic strip
The '''''Back to the Future'' trilogy''' is a [[comedy|comedic]] [[science fiction]] [[film]] [[trilogy]] written by [[Bob Gale]] and [[Robert Zemeckis]], directed by Zemeckis, and distributed by [[Universal Pictures]]. The plot follows the adventures of high-school student [[Marty McFly]] ([[Michael J. Fox]]) and [[scientist]] Dr. [[Emmett Brown]] ([[Christopher Lloyd]]) as they use a [[De Lorean time machine|modified De Lorean automobile]] to [[time travel]] to different periods in the history of [[Hill Valley (Back to the Future)|Hill Valley]], [[California]].
|title= Dennis the Menace
|image= [[Image:Dennis menace.jpg]]
|author= [[Hank Ketcham]]<br />Marcus Hamilton<br />[[Ron Ferdinand]]
|url=
|rss=
|atom=
|status=
|first= March 12, 1951
|last= present
|syndicate= [http://www.dailyink.com/en-us/ Daily Ink]
|publisher= [[Fantagraphics Books]]
|genre=
|rating=
|preceded by=
|followed by=
}}


'''''Dennis the Menace''''', known in some countries as just "''''Dennis''''"is a daily [[print syndication|syndicated]] [[newspaper]] [[comic strip]] originally created, written and illustrated by [[Hank Ketcham]] since [[March 12]], [[1951]], which made its debut in only 16 newspapers. It is now written and drawn by Ketcham's former assistants, Marcus Hamilton and Ron Ferdinand, and distributed to more than at least 1,000 newspapers in 48 countries and 19 languages by [[King Features Syndicate]].<ref>{{cite news
The first film was the highest grossing film of [[1985]] and became an international phenomenon, leading to two sequels which were filmed back-to-back and released in 1989 and 1990 respectively. The trilogy is widely noted for its irreverent comedy, eccentric characters and ability to incorporate complex theories of [[time-travel]] without confusing the audience.{{Fact|date=January 2008}} Though the two sequels did not perform quite as well at the box office as the first film, the trilogy remains immensely popular after 20 years and has yielded such spin-offs as an [[Back to the Future: The Animated Series|animated television series]] and a [[Back to the Future: The Ride|motion-simulation ride]] at the [[Universal Studios]] theme parks in [[Orlando, Florida]] (now closed); [[Universal City, California]] (now closed), and [[Osaka]], [[Japan]].
|url = http://www.nytimes.com/2001/06/02/obituaries/02KETC.html?ex=1196053200&en=3fcf74bbd8d829ed&ei=5070
|date = [[2001-06-02]]
|title = Hank Ketcham, Father of Dennis the Menace, Dies at 81
|accessdate = 2007-11-24
|publisher = The New York Times}}</ref> The comic strip usually runs for a [[single panel]] on weekdays and a [[full strip]] on Sundays.


Dennis was so successful that he was later made into many kinds of popular media, including a 1960s live-action [[television]] [[sitcom]], a 1980s animated [[television series]], a 1987 [[made-for-TV]] live-action movie, a 1993 theatrical live-action film and another animated series based on that film, and there is also a 1981 animated [[prime-time]] [[television]] [[special]], a 1998 [[direct-to-video]] [[live-action]] sequel that followed the 1993 live-action film and a 2002 animated television movie, and a 2007 [[Christmas]] special film, with a 2008 [[Halloween]] special film in already in development.
==Main cast==
{{main|List of Back to the Future cast members}}
* [[Michael J. Fox]] as [[Marty McFly]], [[Marty McFly, Jr.]] (son of Marty), [[The McFly family|Marlene McFly]] (daughter of Marty), and [[Seamus McFly]] (great-great-grandfather of Marty).
* [[Christopher Lloyd]] as Dr. [[Emmett Brown]]
* [[Thomas F. Wilson]] as [[Biff Tannen]], [[Griff Tannen]] (grandson of Biff) and [[Buford "Mad Dog" Tannen]] (great-grandfather of Biff)
* [[Lea Thompson]] as [[Lorraine Baines]] (McFly/Tannen) and [[Maggie McFly]] (Seamus' wife, Marty's great-great-grandmother)
* [[James Tolkan]] as Mr. Strickland and Chief Marshal James Strickland (grandfather)
* [[Claudia Wells]] and [[Elisabeth Shue]] as [[Jennifer Parker]] (McFly)
* [[Crispin Glover]] and [[Jeffrey Weissman]] as [[George McFly]]
* [[Mary Steenburgen]] as [[Clara Clayton]]


==Storylines==
== Characters ==
*'''Dennis''' - a bumbling but lovable blond-haired, angel-faced little devil, five-year-old boy with a penchant for mischief. Everywhere he goes, Dennis's wide-eyed curiosity, well-meaning attempts to help out and his youthful nature always seem to lead to trouble.
*'''George Everett Wilson''' - a retired postal carrier, Dennis's next-door neighbor. Dennis worships Mr. Wilson but often annoys him as he regularly disrupts Mr. Wilson's attempts at a serene, quiet life-such as cultivating roses. As a result, the gruff old man overtly displays a less-than-cordial attitude towards the young boy, though Dennis continues his well-meaning intrusions unabated. Mr. Wilson is named after a teacher Hank Ketcham knew.
*'''Martha Wilson''' - Mr. Wilson's engaging wife, Martha coddles Mr. Wilson, adores Dennis and sees him as a surrogate grandson, since the Wilsons never had any children.
*'''Henry Mitchell & Alice Mitchell''' - Dennis's father, an aerospace engineer and Dennis's stay-at-home mother. His long-suffering parents can only shake their heads and try to explain their son's antics to others. Despite this, and the many times his mother sends Dennis to the corner chair, they really do love him very much. Henry seems to understand Dennis a lot more in affairs of the heart. One example was when a furious Dennis stormed in saying,''"Wimmin can say some of the stupidest things!"'' and his father knowingly said to his wife, ''Margaret''. Another time was when Dennis and Gina were having a fun time together, and his mother wondered if Dennis would realize that he really likes Gina, and his father said knowingly again, ''"I think he will"''. His mother, however, is usually the shelter where Dennis can run to when things get too overwhelming for him; and she is there with a warm hug and protection. As a [[running gag]] Alice Mitchell has a phobia about snakes. Like his creator Hank Ketchum, Henry Mitchell served in the [[US Navy]].
*'''Ruff''' - Dennis's faithful dog. Ruff is always eagerly following him around, accompanying him running, riding his bike or his skateboard.
*'''Joey McDonald''' - Dennis's friend, loyal and not-too-bright, he usually plays the sidekick to Dennis.
*'''Margaret Wade''' - Dennis's friend and somewhat arch-foil; red-haired glasses wearing [[know-it-all]] whose cloying and self-important demeanor is always getting on Dennis’s nerves. She is attracted to Dennis, but he will have none of it. She always tries to improve Dennis and his manners, but only succeeds in annoying him. She has a certain amount of dislike for Gina, whom she sees as her competition. Gina gains Dennis's respect and admiration by just being herself and Margaret's pretensions fail to even make a mark on him.
*'''Gina Gillotti''' - Dennis's friend, a [[tomboy]]. She is a fiercely independent young Italian girl, whom Dennis secretly has a crush on. He likes her because she is as independent minded as he is; and she enjoys the same things that he does. Gina is also highly aware that she is a girl, and woe betide anyone who doesn't think so. This earns her Dennis' respect and admiration.
*'''Grampa Johnson''' - Alice's father who spoils Dennis often. He evokes the unintentional jealousy of Mr. Wilson, for he gets to see him only on occasion, but Wilson sees him all the time. Because they are so much alike, Dennis and Grampa Johnson get along beautifully. Wilson also thinks that Johnson should act his age, but this advice is often ignored. To Grampa, life is worth living, and he encourages Dennis to live it to the full.
*'''Hot Dog''' - Dennis's rarely-seen cat who usually commiserates with him whilst he sits in the corner and reflects on his sins.


===Back to the Future===
== Tone ==
In tone, Dennis is most like an escapee from a 1930s [[movie]], such as an ''[[Our Gang]]'' film, and can be seen as a derivative of another mischievous comic strip creation, [[The Katzenjammer Kids]]. The character's long-running success may be seen as being due to the [[timeless]] nature of such characters. Dennis the Menace serves as a prototype for other cartoon troublemakers, such as Calvin (from ''[[Calvin and Hobbes]]''), [[Bart Simpson]], [[Little Lulu]], [[Buster Brown]], [[Curious George]] and [[Bobby Bumps]].
{{main|Back to the Future}}
17-year-old [[Marty McFly]] is accidentally sent back in time to 1955 in a [[time machine]] built from a [[DeLorean DMC-12|DeLorean]] by eccentric scientist [[Emmett L. Brown]], also known as "Doc". Upon arriving in 1955, Marty inadvertently causes his mother ([[Lorraine McFly]]) to fall in love with him, rather than with his father ([[George McFly]]). This begins to cause what [[Doc Brown]] later describes as a [[paradox]] that would cause Marty to disappear from existence. To make matters worse, Marty did not bring back any extra [[plutonium]] to power the [[time machine]], so he must find the 1955 version of Doc Brown to help him reunite his parents and return to 1985. [[Biff Tannen]], the antagonist, causes difficulty in the conflict resolution. Marty successfully causes his parents to fall in love and simultaneously ruins the future of Biff Tannen, who in the end is an auto detailer instead of [[George McFly]]'s co-worker. Marty learns in the end that his familial situation has improved because of the way his parents' relationship was changed by his intervention in the past. Doc Brown and the De Lorean appear and Doc tells Marty that he has returned from the future, and that Marty must come back to the future with him.


Adding to the timelessness of the character are personal touches that Ketcham included in his work. For instance, The Sugar Bowl, the ice cream counter Dennis frequents, is based on a real ice cream counter of the same name in [[Scottsdale, Arizona]], frequented by cartoonist [[Bil Keane]], as well as ''[[Arthur (TV series)|Arthur]]'' creator [[Marc Brown (author)|Marc Brown]].{{Fact|date=July 2007}}
===Back to the Future Part II===
{{main|Back to the Future Part II}}
Doc Brown travels with Marty to the year 2015 where he has discovered Marty's family is in ruins. Marty buys a sports almanac containing the outcomes of 50 years worth (1950&ndash;2000) of sporting events. However, Doc catches him and throws the almanac in the trash, where the aged [[Biff Tannen]] finds it. While Marty and Doc are at Marty's future house, Biff steals the [[De Lorean]] time machine and gives the book to himself at right before he goes to the dance at the end of the first movie. When Doc and Marty return to 1985, they find that Biff has used the almanac's knowledge for financial gain, which allows him to turn Courthouse Square into a 27 story casino, "own" Hill Valley, get away with the murder of Marty's father, and later marry Marty's mother. Marty learns that Biff was given the book by an old man in 1955, so he and Doc go back to that date in order to steal the almanac from Biff before he can use it to destroy their lives. They accomplish this in a complex fashion, often crossing their own past-selves' paths. When the duo are about to travel back to 1985, a lightning bolt strikes the [[De Lorean]] and scrambles the time circuits, sending Doc back to 1885 and leaving Marty stranded in 1955.


Another facet of Dennis which may be included in this is Dennis' love of [[Westerns]]. Though Dennis is consistently shown in a striped shirt and suspenders, he is still shown, at times, in a traditional [[cowboy]] outfit. This can be attributed to the setting of Kansas, and also the fact his Uncle Charlie owns a [[farm]]. The cowboy motif was more common when the comic strip first appeared, because Westerns were so popular, though even now, the advent of [[cable television]] means the Mitchell family can plausibly have access to plenty of Westerns for Dennis to enjoy.
===Back to the Future Part III===
{{main|Back to the Future Part III}}
After finding out that Doc Brown is trapped in 1885, Marty sets out to find the 1955 Doc to help him fix the DeLorean (which has been waiting for him in a mineshaft for 70 years) and restore it to working order. Learning that Doc gets shot in 1885, Marty travels back in time to save Doc (who becomes a [[blacksmith]]) and bring him back to the future. Unfortunately, Marty rips a hole in the fuel line, rendering the DeLorean immobile. Furthermore, Doc falls in love with schoolteacher [[Clara Clayton]], and considers staying in 1885. Marty must convince Doc to come back with him and find a way to get back to his time before it's too late. After several dramatic action scenes involving a speeding [[locomotive]], Marty returns to 1985 in the restored De Lorean. It appears on a train track as planned, and Marty jumps out just in time to see the DeLorean time machine destroyed by a modern train. He worries that Doc has been lost in the past forever, when suddenly Doc Brown appears in a new time machine, modeled after a locomotive. He introduces Marty to Clara (to whom he is now married) and his two sons, [[Jules Brown|Jules]] and [[Verne Brown|Verne]]. When Marty asks if Doc and his family are going to the future, Doc replies that he's already been to the future. The locomotive flies across the sky and disappears, and the [[trilogy]] ends.


==Running Gags==
== History ==
{{Refimprove|date=September 2007}}
=== Inspiration ===
The inspiration for the comic strip came from [[Dennis Ketcham]], the real life son of Hank Ketcham,<ref>{{cite news
| last = Weinraub
| first = Judith
| title = Dennis's' Dear Old Dad
| publisher = The Washington Post
| date = 1990-05-05
| url = http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/washingtonpost/access/72586949.html?dids=72586949:72586949&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&date=MAY+05%2C+1990&author=Judith+Weinraub&pub=The+Washington+Post&desc=Dennis's'+Dear+Old+Dad%3BCartoonist+Hank+Ketcham%2C+In+a+World+Without+Menace&pqatl=google
}}</ref> who was only 4 years old when he refused to take a nap and somehow messed up his whole room. Hank tried many possible kid names for the character he was drawing in his desktop in his home at Carmel, and translated them into some his rough pencil sketches, but they seem unsuitable for a character of such immense depiction, until his studio door flew open and his then-wife Alice, in utter exasperation, exclaimed, "Your son is a menace!" Thus the "Dennis the Menace" name was used, the "menace" epithet and the image of the tornado stuck. The character of Henry Mitchell even bore a striking resemblance to Ketcham himself, who also became a fixture in the strip. Many people {{weasel inline}} feel the characters hold remarkable resemblance to [[Jamie and the Magic Torch]].


According to Hank Ketcham's biography in the [[Internet Movie Database]], Ketcham said that Dennis the Menace was set in [[Wichita, Kansas|Wichita]], [[Kansas]].
A hallmark of the ''Back to the Future'' trilogy and a contributor to its popularity is its use of commonalities: [[running gag]]s, similar events, [[catch phrases]], and parallel situations that recur in the different time frames from film to film.


===The Clock Tower===
=== Debut ===
Dennis the Menace comic strip made its debut on March 12, 1951,<ref>[http://www.dennisthemenace.com/ Dennis the Menace Website]</ref> in the following year in 16 newspapers across the US for the first time.


Coincidentally, another cartoon strip titled [[Dennis the Menace (UK)|Dennis the menace]] was published in the British comic [[The Beano]] on March 15 (cover dated March 17 - the "off sale" date) of the same year.{{Fact|article|date=September 2007}}. Like the American character, the UK one remains popular to this day and has made the transition to television cartoons. As a result, any product of the US character, including the TV series, was billed simply as "Dennis" in the UK.
Early in the first film, a woman approaches Marty, asking for a donation to help save the non-functional courthouse clock tower, which was rendered inoperable by a lightning strike in 1955. When Marty gets stuck in 1955, he and Doc use the information on the flyer to predict the time and location of the lightning strike they need to power the flux capacitor in order to send Marty back to 1985.


=== Award ===
In the second film, a man approaches Marty in 2015, again asking for a donation to help save the (still) non-functional clock tower. Later, Griff and his crew crash through the front of the courthouse while chasing Marty.
Ketcham received the [[Reuben Award]] for the strip in 1953.<ref>{{cite web
| title = The Reuben Award 1946 - 1974
| publisher = The National Cartoonists Society
| url = http://www.reuben.org/ncs/archive/divisions/reuben.asp
| format = HTML
| accessdate = 2007-09-18}}</ref>
He also was made [[honorary title|honorary]] mayor of Wichita. He was quoted saying "I set the whole thing in Wichita, Kansas, and as a result I got made an [[honorary title|honorary]] mayor of Wichita."<ref>{{cite web
| title = Biography for Hank Ketcham
| url=http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0450477/bio
| accessdate = 2007-09-18 }}</ref>


===Publishers===
In the third film, in 1955, Marty and Doc discover a picture of Doc from 1885 standing in front of the newly-completed clock. When Marty arrives in town in 1885, Mad Dog Tannen attempts to hang Marty from the courthouse, which is under construction at the time. Marty and Doc later get their picture taken in front of the clock after it is started for the first time by the mayor of the town.
Dennis the Menace has been published in comic books and comic digests from the 1950s through at least the 1980s by a variety of publishers, including [[Standard Comics|Standard/Pines]] (1953–58), [[Fawcett Comics]] (during their only return to comics after losing the Captain Marvel lawsuit) (1958–80), and [[Marvel Comics]] (1981–82). These were produced by others, in particular [[Al Wiseman]] in the 1950s and 60s, who was one of Ketcham's assistants and Ron Fredinand in the 1980s, a Sunday page artist who drew several of the Dennis stories of the Marvel books, including the cover for issue #11. There have also been paperback book collections of the comic strips and comic books during the same time period from [[Avon Books]], [[Gold Medal]], [[Crest (toothpaste)|Crest]], and others.


Ketcham gradually turned the production of the strip over to his assistants [[Ron Ferdinand]] and [[Marcus Hamilton (cartoonist)|Marcus Hamilton]],<ref>{{cite news
==Relatives of characters played by the same actors==
| title = 'DENNIS THE MENACE' CREATOR TO RETIRE
| publisher = The Buffalo News
| date = 1994-10-24
| url = http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=BN&p_theme=bn&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EAF98248600AA99&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM
}}</ref> who continued it after his death in 2001,<ref>{{cite news
| last = VAN GELDER
| first = LAWRENCE
| title = Hank Ketcham, Father of Dennis the Menace, Dies at 81
| publisher = The New York Times
| date = 2001-06-02
| url = http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?sec=health&res=9B01E4D8163FF931A35755C0A9679C8B63&n=Top/News/Business/Companies/Google%20Inc.
| accessdate = 2007-09-17}}</ref> due to a heart attack at age 81.{{Fact|article|date=September 2007}} In 2005, Dennis appeared as a guest for Blondie and Dagwood's 75th anniversary party in the comic strip Blondie.{{Verify source|article|date=September 2007}}


== Comic book ==
In the second film, [[Marty McFly Jr.]] is played by [[Michael J. Fox]], the same actor as his father, allowing Marty McFly Sr. to impersonate him and avert the chain reaction that destroys his family. Marty's daughter is also played by Michael J. Fox.


Dennis had been produced in comic book format for many years. The first issue of ''Dennis the Menace'' was published in August, 1953 by Standand/Pines, the original series ran for a total of 155 issues until January, 1978. Meanwhile, Fawcett Comics purchased the half of the comic book rights to the character and Dennis made his only return to the comics after Fawcett lost the [[Captain Marvel (DC Comics)|Captain Marvel]] lawsuit in 1958. At that point, Fawcett Comics and [[Hallden Publishing]] became a subsidiary of CBS Consumer Publishing (A publishing imprint of [[CBS Corporation]]) and the ''Dennis the Menace'' comic book title became ''The Dennis the Menace Fun Fest'' series, the comic books continued through the issue #166, published in November, 1979.
Griff Tannen, grandson of Biff Tannen in 2015, is played by [[Thomas F. Wilson]], the same actor who plays Biff in 1955.
=== Specials series ===
The comic book series (Drawn by Ketcham's assistant Al Wiseman, until the mid 60s) was running in tandem with the “Specials” series. First, there was ''The Dennis the Menace Winter Special'', then ''The Dennis the Menace Spring Special'', ''The Dennis the Menace Summer Special'' and then finally ''The Dennis the Menace Christmas Special''.
To continue this tandem, Fawcett published an anthology series of his previous adventures called ''The Best of Dennis the Menace'', which ran from 1959 to 1961 in a total of 5 issues. This was followed with ''The Giant Dennis the Menace'' series, and concluded the specials series with their most-famous of their ''Dennis the Menace'' titles, ''The Dennis the Menace Travel Special'' Series. These Travel issues included Dennis and his family going to places like Mexico or camp in Yosemite Park and the most popular issue ''"Dennis Goes To Hollywood"'' which has him wreaking havoc on various movie sets and encountering assorted movie stars.


The specials series was then later re-christened as the ''Dennis the Menace Bonus Magazine Series'' forerunners, the series, which bore the title ''Bonus Magazine'', started with issue #78 in March 1970 and continued through issue #173 in February 1978. CBS and Hallden later retitled the series as ''The Dennis the Menace Big Bonus Series'', which it ran through issue #194 in October 1979.
In the third film, Marty runs into his relatives in 1885. His great-great-grandfather, Seamus McFly, is played by Michael J. Fox, and his great-great-grandmother, Maggie McFly, is played by [[Lea Thompson]], the same actress who plays his mother in 1955.


=== Other series ===
Biff's ancestor in 1885, Buford "Mad Dog" Tannen, is played by [[Thomas F. Wilson]].
By October 1979, Fawcett began publishing a separate series of 36 issues entitled ''Dennis the Menace and Mr. Wilson'', which involved the simple adventures of Dennis and Mr. Wilson going into all sorts of mischievous capers. By the second issue, the ''Dennis and Mr. Wilson'' series was re-christened as ''Dennis the Menace and His Friends'' which now involved the adventures of Dennis, Mr. Wilson and friends, Joey, Margaret and dog, Ruff going to cause more troublesome mishaps. Because of this, the Mr. Wilson stories were alternated with the three characters as ''Ruff, Joey and Margaret'' who each shared a #1 issue with Dennis.


There were also other series of Dennis the Menace comic books published in 1961, first there was ''Dennis the Menace and His Dog, Ruff'' and ''Dennis the Menace and His Pal, Joey'' published the summer and the last but not least was ''Dennis the Menace and Margaret'' published in the winter of 1969.
==Critical reception==
{| class="wikitable" width=99% border="1"
| align="center" | '''Film'''
| align="center" | '''[[Rotten Tomatoes]]'''
|-
| ''[[Back to the Future]]''
| 95% (44 reviews)<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/back_to_the_future/ | title=Back to the Future | publisher=[[Rotten Tomatoes]] | accessdate=2008-06-23}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Back to the Future Part II]]''
| 65% (37 reviews)<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/back_to_the_future_part_two/ | title=Back to the Future Part II| publisher=[[Rotten Tomatoes]] | accessdate=2007-06-23}}</ref>
|-
| ''[[Back to the Future Part III]]''
| 74% (52 reviews)<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/back_to_the_future_part_three/ | title=Back to the Future Part III| publisher=[[Rotten Tomatoes]] | accessdate=2007-06-23}}</ref>
|-
|}


=== Bible kids series ===
==Box office==
In 1977, Word Books, Inc. commissioned Hank Ketcham Enterprises, Inc. to produce a series of ten comic books under the title of ''Dennis and the Bible Kids'', with the usual cast of characters reading (and sometimes partly acting out) the stories of [[Joseph (Hebrew Bible)|Joseph]], [[Moses]], [[David]], [[Esther]], [[Jesus]], and other Biblical characters. These were sold through [[Christian]] [[bookstore]]s and related outlets. Each issue contained several inspirational renderings by Hank Ketcham himself.
{| class="wikitable" width=99% border="1"
| rowspan="2" align="center" | '''Film'''
| rowspan="2" align="center" | '''Release date'''
| colspan="3" align="center" | '''Box office revenue'''
|-
| align="center" | '''United States'''
| align="center" | '''Foreign'''
| align="center" | '''Worldwide'''
|-
| ''[[Back to the Future]]''
| [[July 3]], [[1985]]
| $210,609,762
| $170,500,000
| $381,109,762
|-
| ''[[Back to the Future Part II]]''
| [[November 22]], [[1989]]
| $118,450,002
| $213,500,000
| $331,950,002
|-
| ''[[Back to the Future Part III]]''
| [[May 25]], [[1990]]
| $87,727,583
| $156,800,000
| $244,572,583
|-
| '''Total'''
|
| '''$416,787,347'''
| '''$540,300,000'''
| '''$957,581,847'''
|}


==Time Travel Theory==
=== Marvel series ===
For some unknown reason, the ''Dennis the Menace Fun Fest'' and the ''Dennis the Menace Big Bonus Series'' were revived for a short issue run in 1980. The numbering system was even more of a mystery.
[[Image:BTTFTimelines2.png|right|thumb|400px|All successive ''Back to the Future'' timelines]]


*January: ''The Dennis the Menace Fun Fest'' #16
[[Time travel]] is one of the primary storytelling elements in the ''Back to the Future'' series. While there are no rules of time travel in real life, only theories, the film series generally adheres to a single set of rules of how the [[timeline]] can be affected.
*February: ''The Dennis the Menace Big Bonus'' #10
*March: ''The Dennis the Menace Fun Fest'' #17
*April: ''The Dennis the Menace Big Bonus'' #11


After this revival series, the Hallden and CBS comics run came to an end in 1980. Fortunately, Ketcham had the half of the comic book rights purchased by [[Stan Lee]] and Marvel Comics, they were able to produce a new series of ''Dennis the Menace'' comic books. The Marvel series started in December, 1981 and ended in November, 1982. The seventh issue in the Marvel Comics adaptation featured a [[Spider-Man]] spoof story called “Spider-Kid”, the story featured Dennis imagining himself as a pint-sized Spider-Man fighting crime with Mr. Wilson as J. Jonah Jameson, Gina Gillotti as his girlfriend Mary Jane Watson and Joey, Margaret and Ruff being themselves, the cover even displayed Dennis is Spider-Kid jumping from a cloud and unmasking himself revealing to be Dennis! The smaller ''Dennis the Menace'' comic digests were published continually by Fawcett and Hallden between 1969 and 1980 and they were briefly resurrected in reprints by Marvel in 1982 for a run of three issues.
In the films, a time traveler can have a direct effect on the timeline, and thus alter the future. When traveling to the past, a traveler can alter events such that they no longer correspond to the events as they occurred in the traveler's own past. However, the traveler retains the memory of his original experiences, and not memories of the new timeline. The ''Back to the Future'' series thus follows the [[grandfather paradox]] theory of time travel, and not the [[predestination paradox]] theory. However, as seen in ''Part I'', if a traveler causes changes in the past that will ultimately result in his non-existence in the future, he will fade from existence, but only once the possibility of their existence is entirely eliminated. Physical artifacts can also bear the results of changes in the timeline. In the series, several photographs and a printed document, all brought back from a future time, are immediately altered as a result of changes made in the past. The immediate changes indicate that the timeline is changed whenever a change in the past is made.
=== Book-length series===
Several special issues also appeared in the 1970s, with book-length stories of Dennis and his parents visiting the [[Rosicrucian Egyptian Museum]] in [[San Jose, California]], the [[Winchester Mystery House]] in San Jose, [[Mexico]] via [[cruise ship]], and also [[Washington, D.C.]]


==Book compilations==
Every jump into the past depicted in the ''Back to the Future'' saga puts the traveller along a new timeline, as their presence in the past is itself a change made to the timeline. When traveling forward in time, the traveler arrives in the future along the same timeline they departed from. The films do not explore the question of whether travelling into the future causes a change in the timeline from that point on, and whether a timeline exists/existed in which the traveler did not arrive in the future. However, Doc Brown simplifies the theory in ''Part II'', stating that whenever a [[time travel]]er alters events occurring in the [[past]] (in his case, Biff giving his younger self the almanac), they effectively bring an alternate [[timeline]] into existence from that point in time. He does not indicate that the travel into the past itself changes the timeline.


Dennis the Menace has also even been published in paperback book collects of the comic strips and comic books during the same time period, they are consisted of reprints of the previous comic strip adventures from the past decades. Avon Books, Gold Medal, Crest, Pocket Books, Corgi (UK) and Fawcett Books were all responsible for the publication of these books. This is a list of all the Dennis the Menace book compilations published so far (Note: All of the books carry the name ‘Dennis the Menace’ in their title.):
Doc Brown suggests that it may be disastrous for someone to meet themselves while traveling through time. Marty sees a past instance of himself numerous times in ''Part II'', with no special consequences; however, he is aware of his past self's experiences and his past self does not see him. Jennifer and her future self come face to face in ''Part II'' and both faint, but again, there are no other consequences. [[Walt Disney Imagineering|Imagineer]] Bruce Gordon suggested in issue #108 of ''[[Starlog]]'' Magazine that no second version of the time traveler exists until the time traveler goes back in time and sees himself in the past.<ref name="other">{{cite magazine
| last = Gordon
| first = Bruce
| authorlink = Bruce Gordon
| coauthors =
| title = The "Other" Marty McFly?
| work = Starlog #108
| publisher =
| date= June, 1986
| url =
| format = Starlog Magazine #108, June 1986
| doi =
| accessdate = }}</ref> There is some ambiguity as to how changes in the past affect travelers left in the future. Doc, Marty and Jennifer seem unaffected by "Old" Biff's trip to 1955 which causes his younger self to rise to control the city. Biff's trip seems to have no effect on the three travelers. Also, in ''Part II'', Jennifer is left on her front porch; she is found there in ''Part III'' after many changes in the timeline. In both cases, the timeline seems to change around the travelers who originate in another timeline.


*''Babysitter’s Guide by Dennis the Menace'' (1954)
While there is no set number of timelines in existence throughout the films, as unseen trips through time are made off-screen, the following is a list of timelines actually seen. Jumps to the future are presumed not to create new timelines:
*''Wanted: Dennis the Menace'' (1955)
# The original, unaltered timeline that exists at the start of ''Part I''.
*''Dennis the Menace Rides Again'' (1956)
# Marty accidentally jumps back to 1955, and subsequently alters his parent's past. Marty returns to 1985, and the movie ends in this timeline. Doc also travels to the future off-screen. This is presumably also the timeline in which Doc, in the future, sees the trouble with Marty's kids.
*''Dennis the Menace vs. Everybody'' (1957)
# Doc returns to 1985 to pick up Marty and Jennifer at the end of ''Part I'' (replayed at the start of ''Part II''). He brings them to the 2015 where they see their family.
*''Dennis the Menace: Household Hurricane'' (1958)
#"Old" Biff heads back to 1955 in the stollen DeLorean with the sports almanac to give to his younger self. He then returns to 2015, having set his past self up to be rich and powerful.
*''The 100 Adventures of the Pickle'' (1958, UK)
#Marty, Doc and Jennifer return to 1985 (dubbed "1985A") in which Biff controls much of the city. They unwittingly leave Jennifer asleep on her porch. The Doc native to this timeline has been committed, and the Marty of this timeline is overseas at school.
*''In this corner… Dennis the Menace'' (1959)
#Marty and Doc travel to 1955 to prevent the changes. Marty robs Biff of the almanac, while avoiding running into the past version of himself.
*''Dennis the Menace …Teacher’s Threat'' (1960)
#The hover-converted DeLorean is struck by lightning and is sent back to 1885. Doc hides the DeLorean and writes Marty a letter which is delivered in 1955. Marty seeks out the Doc of 1955 who helps him recover the car.
*''Dennis the Menace Voted Most Likely'' (1960)
#Marty travels to 1885 in ''Part III'', where he saves Doc's life, but must return to 1985 alone. Doc, in the past builds a locomotive into a time machine and travels into the future to have it hoverconverted. He may also have stopped in 1985 to retrieve Einstein.
*''Dennis the Menace A.M.* *Ambassador of Mischief'' (1961)
#Doc and his family return to 1985 in the locomotive to give Marty his gift. This timeline may begin earlier if Doc's trip to the future was not immediately prior to his arrival in 1985 at the end of ''Part III''
*''Babysitter’s Guide by Dennis the Menace'' (1961, reprint)
*''Dennis the Menace: Happy Half-Pint'' (1962)
*''Dennis the Menace …Who Me?'' (1963)
*''Dennis the Menace: Household Hurricane'' (1963, reprint)
*''Dennis the Menace: Make-Believe Angel'' (1964)
*''Dennis the Menace …Here Comes Trouble'' (1966)
*''Dennis the Menace and Poor Ol’ Mr. Wilson'' (1967)
*''Dennis the Menace: All-American Kid'' (1968)
*''Dennis the Menace and his pal Joey'' (1968)
*''Dennis the Menace: Your Friendly Neighborhood Kid'' (1969)
*''Dennis the Menace: Perpetual Motion'' (1969)
*''Dennis the Menace …Everybody’s Little Helper'' (1970)
*''Dennis the Menace: Non-Stop Nuisance'' (1970)
*''Dennis the Menace Rides Again'' (1971, reprint)
*''Dennis the Menace: Surprise Package'' (1971)
*''Dennis the Menace: Short ‘n Snappy'' (1971)
*''Dennis the Menace: Where the Action Is'' (1971)
*''Dennis the Menace: Dennis Power'' (1972)
*''Dennis the Menace: Just for Fun'' (1973)
*''Dennis the Menace: The Kid Next Door'' (1973)
*''Dennis the Menace: Busybody'' (1974)
*''Dennis the Menace: Little Pip-Squeak'' (1974)
*''Dennis the Menace: Play it Again, Dennis'' (1975)
*''Dennis the Menace: To the Core'' (1975)
*''Dennis the Menace: Little Man in a Big Hurry'' (1976)
*''Dennis the Menace: Short Swinger'' (1976)
*''Dennis the Menace and His Girls'' (1977)
*''Dennis the Menace: Stayin' Alive'' (1977)
*''Dennis the Menace: Good Intenshuns'' (1978)
*''Dennis the Menace: One More Time'' (1978)
*''Someone's In The Kitchen With Dennis'' (1978)
*''Dennis the Menace: “Your Mother’s Calling!”'' (1978)
*''Dennis the Menace: Ol’ Droopy Drawers'' (1978)
*''Dennis the Menace: Driving Mother Up the Wall'' (1979)
*''Dennis the Menace: I Done It MY Way'' (1979)
*''Dennis the Menace: Short in the Saddle'' (1979)
*''Dennis the Menace: Ain’t Misbehavin’'' (1980)
*''Dennis the Menace: The Way I Look at It…'' (1982)
*''Dennis the Menace: Dog’s Best Friend'' (1982)
*''Dennis the Menace: Supercharged and Ever Ready'' (1983)
*''Dennis the Menace: Sunrise Express'' (1983)


In 2005, comics publisher [[Fantagraphics]] began to reprint Ketcham's entire run on ''Dennis the Menace'' in a 25-volume series over eleven years.<ref>{{cite news
==DVD release==
| last = ESTRADA
In [[July 1997]], [[Universal Studios]] announced that ''Back to the Future'' would be one of their first 10 releases to the new format, though it ended up being delayed for five years. It was finally released at the end of 2002 in both [[widescreen]] and [[Pan and scan|fullscreen]] versions in a blue box with Marty and Doc on the cover.
| first = GEORGE
| title = Antics of "Dennis the Menace" back in print
| publisher = The Seattle Times Company
| date = [[2005-08-08]]
| url = http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/artsentertainment/2002426706_dennis08.html
| accessdate = 2008-09-18 }}</ref>


# ''Hank Ketcham's Complete Dennis the Menace'' (1951–52) ISBN 1-56097-680-2
==== Framing issues ====
# ''Hank Ketcham's Complete Dennis the Menace'' (1953–54) ISBN 1-56097-725-6
Devoted fans of the films quickly noticed that the video of the widescreen version of ''Parts II'' and ''III'' contained numerous shots that had been framed incorrectly, either because the shots were too high or low to center the image correctly, or because they "zoomed in" on the image, eliminating portions of the image on all sides. One notable example is when Marty's futuristic jacket adjusts itself to fit him, the misframed version doesn't show the sleeves changing size, thus ruining the visual gag. Outraged fans quickly organized petitions demanding that [[Universal Studios]] correct the problem and re-release the DVD set.{{Fact|date=March 2008}}
# ''Hank Ketcham's Complete Dennis the Menace'' (1955–56) ISBN 1-56097-770-1
# ''Hank Ketcham's Complete Dennis the Menace'' (1957–58) ISBN 1-56097-806-7


==Worldwide success==
In [[May 2003]], Universal corrected the problem and issued "V2" (Version 2) DVDs, that could only be distinguished from the original, flawed DVDs by the mark of a small "V2" near the edge of the discs themselves (and, of course, by comparing the corrected video). However, they did not initially begin packaging the V2 discs with the trilogy box set that was being sent to retailers. Instead, Universal set up a toll-free phone number which owners of the original DVDs could call, and ask for a postage-paid envelope to be sent to them. The owner would send their flawed discs to Universal in the envelope, and would soon thereafter receive the corrected "V2" discs by mail.


* For some years, Dennis the Menace was the "spokestoon" for [[ice cream]] restaurant chain [[Dairy Queen]]; many of the characters appeared on their packaging and in advertising. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, Dennis the Menace was licensed by Dairy Queen as their official mascot, appearing in many commercials and on the chain's cups, bags, and other promotional items. The Dennis incarnation used was the one from the 1986 animated series, as the promotions started in the middle of that series' run. Dennis has since been supplanted by other cartoon characters.
In [[January 2005]], Universal began a nationwide promotional campaign, announcing that they would re-issue the DVDs of the trilogy at a special low price (about half the set's original retail price) on [[January 25]], [[2005]], and then put the entire trilogy on moratorium a week later, on [[February 1]], [[2005]], with new stickers on the box declared "Lowest Price Ever: Own It Before Time Runs Out!" The discs in this release contained no new content or bonus features from the original release even the packaging was almost identical, except for the promotional sticker and excluding the multi-page, full color DVD menu booklet. No booklet or chapter insert is included in the revised release, but did finally contain the corrected V2 discs. Curiously, only the disc for ''Part II'' displays the "V2" marking on its edge; the ''Part III'' disc does not, but fans have analyzed its video carefully and concluded that, despite the lack of the "V2" marking, the ''Part III'' disc is the corrected one.


* 1952 saw the construction of the [[Dennis the Menace Playground]], spearheaded by Hank Ketcham, assisted [[Arch Garner]] and his two children. It opened at [[Monterey, California|Monterey]], [[California]], US in 1956.{{Fact|date=September 2007}} The playground features a bronze statue of Dennis sculpted by [[Wah Ming Chang]]. On [[October 25]]–[[October 26]] [[2006]], the 125-lb statue which reported worth as much as $30,000 was stolen during the night.<ref>{{cite web
==Release formats and features==
| title = Statue of Dennis the Menace Stolen
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" style="font-size: 85%; border: gray solid 1px; border-collapse: collapse; text-align: center;"
| publisher = The Associated Press
|-style="background: #ececec;"
| date = [[2006-10-28]]
! style="width:12em" |
| url = http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/10/28/AR2006102800324_pf.html
!Box
| format = HTML
!Audio
| accessdate = 2007-09-18 }}</ref>
!Scene Specific Commentary
===Animated TV series===
!Framing
{{main|Dennis the Menace (1986 TV series)}}
!Enhanced MJ Fox interview
===Films and TV sitcoms===
|-
{{update|date=May 2008}}
!style="background: #ececec;"|[http://www.cedmagic.com/featured/back-to-the-future/back-future.html 1986 (Part I) CED]
| <!-- Deleted image removed: [[Image:BackfuCED.jpg|150px]] --><br>Tan with Marty and De Lorean
| Stereo
| No
| ?
| No
|-
|-
!style="background: #ececec;"| 1986 (Part I) VHS
| <!-- Deleted image removed: [[Image:Backfu1986VHS.jpg|100px]] --><br>Blue with Marty and De Lorean-
| Stereo
| No
| Correct Widescreen
| No
|-
|-
!style="background: #ececec;"| [http://www.bttf.net/Back_to_the_Future_Trilogy_Boxed_Set_p/pilf-1583.htm 1993 Japanese Laserdisc]
| Charcoal with logo
| Stereo
| No
| Generous
| No
|-
!style="background: #ececec;"| [http://www.scifimoviepage.com/dvd/back.html VCD]
| Blue with Marty and De Lorean
| Stereo
| No
| Correct Widescreen
| No
|-
!style="background: #ececec;"| 2002 R1 DVD
| Blue with Marty and Doc with De Lorean
| Dolby 5.1
| Yes
| Incorrect Widescreen
| Yes
|-
!style="background: #ececec;"| 2002 R2/R4 UK DVD
| Black with De Lorean
| Dolby 5.1 and DTS
| No
| Incorrect Widescreen
| No
|-
!style="background: #ececec;"| 2002 R2 German DVD
| Black with De Lorean
| Dolby 5.1 and DTS
| No
| Incorrect Widescreen
| ?
|-
!style="background: #ececec;"| 2003 "V2" (Part II & Part III) DVD
| No box
| Dolby 5.1
| Yes
| Corrected Widescreen
| Yes
|-
!style="background: #ececec;"| 2005 R1 DVD
| Blue with Marty and Doc
| Dolby 5.1
| Yes
| Corrected Widescreen
| Yes
|-
!style="background: #ececec;"| 2005 R2/R4 UK DVD
| Blue with De Lorean
| Dolby 5.1 and DTS
| Yes
| Corrected Widescreen
| Yes
|-
!style="background: #ececec;"| 2005 R2 German DVD
| Blue with De Lorean
| Dolby 5.1 and DTS
| No
| Corrected Widescreen
| ?
|-
!style="background: #ececec;"| 2005 R2 Japanese DVD
| Blue with De Lorean
| ?
| ?
| Corrected Widescreen
| ?
|-
!style="background: #ececec;"| 2006 R2 UK DVD
| Blue with De Lorean
| Dolby 5.1 and DTS
| Yes
| Corrected Widescreen
| Yes
|}


Dennis has been the subject of a number of animated adaptations, as well as a [[CBS]] sitcom from 1959 to 1963 starring [[Jay North]] as Dennis<ref>{{cite news
The footage that was shot with [[Eric Stoltz]] in the role of Marty McFly before he was replaced with [[Michael J. Fox]] has never been officially released. This footage was not included in Universal's original DVD release in 2002 or in 2005, despite many fans hoping that Universal would include it.
| title = DENNIS THE MENACE Goes on TV
| last = KORMAN
| first = SEYMOUR
| publisher = Chicago Daily Tribune
| date = [[1959-09-26]]
| url = http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/chicagotribune/access/593551392.html?dids=593551392:593551392&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:AI&date=Sep+26%2C+1959&author=SEYMOUR+KORMAN&pub=Chicago+Daily+Tribune&desc=DENNIS+THE+MENACE&pqatl=google
| accessdate = 2008-09-18 }}</ref> and both [[Joseph Kearns]]<ref>{{cite news
| title = JOSEPH KEARNS, 55, TV ACTOR, IS DEAD; Played Mr. Wilson of 'Dennis the Menace' on C.B.S.
| publisher = The Seattle Times Company
| date = [[1962-02-18]]
| url = http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F30C12FB3C5910728DDDA10994DA405B828AF1D3
| accessdate = 2008-09-18 }}</ref> and [[Gale Gordon]], successively, as Mr. (George and John) Wilson. A 1993 [[live-action]] film starred [[Walter Matthau]] as Mr. Wilson.<ref>{{cite news
| title = Actor Walter Matthau dies at 79
| author = Staff and wire reports
| publisher = Cable News Network
| date = [[2000-07-01]]
| url = http://edition.cnn.com/2000/SHOWBIZ/Movies/07/01/matthau.obit.04/index.html
| accessdate = 2007-09-18 }}</ref> It was originally titled "The Real Dennis the Menace" before the final name was approved. This was followed up with ''Dennis the Menace Strikes Again!'' in 1998 starring [[Don Rickles]] as Mr. Wilson.


''A Dennis the Menace Christmas'' is scheduled for release on DVD November 17, 2007. The Warner Brothers film stars [[Robert Wagner]] as Mr. Wilson, [[Louise Fletcher]] as Mrs. Wilson, and [[Maxwell Perry-Cotton]] as Dennis. For the first time, Dennis is being played by a real, live six-year-old actor. The film was shot in Montreal, Canada, and features a number of young Canadian actors.
== Promotional posters ==
All three posters were created by noted poster artist [[Drew Struzan]], although the original concept poster of Marty looking at his watch by the car was by Wayne Coe. Each poster features a variation on the same pose, and has the same number of characters present as each movie is numbered.


See the separate entries for more detailed information on the film and TV adaptations
* For ''Part I'', Marty is dressed in his 1985 clothes standing beside the original De Lorean time machine, raising his sunglasses and looking at his wristwatch.
*''[[Dennis the Menace (1959 TV series)|Dennis the Menace]]'' (1959 TV series)
* For ''Part II'', Marty and Doc are dressed in 2015 clothes beside a hovering De Lorean, raising their sunglasses and looking at their wristwatches.
*[[Dennis the Menace in Mayday for Mother]] (1981 TV special)
* For ''Part III'', Marty, Doc and Clara are dressed in 1885 clothes beside a De Lorean on rails, holding the brims of their hats and looking at pocket watches.
*''[[Dennis the Menace (1986 TV series)|Dennis the Menace]]'' (1986 TV series)
*[[Dennis the Menace: Dinosaur Hunter]] (1987 film)
*[[Dennis the Menace (film)|Dennis the Menace]] (1993 film)
*[[The Incredible Dennis the Menace]] (1993 TV series)
*[[Dennis the Menace Strikes Again]] (1998 film)
*[[Dennis the Menace in Cruise Control]] (2002 film)
*[[A Dennis the Menace Christmas]] (2007 film)
* Halloween with Dennis the Menace (2008 film, in development)


===''Dennis the Menace'' in other languages===
A modified version of the ''Part I'' artwork, which added [[Doctor Emmett Brown|Doc Brown]] to the original image, was used on the cover of the trilogy's DVD release.
The animated television series and the comic book series have been translated into 19 languages since the invention of the character, and whom they have made and are famous worldwide.
*[[Arabic language|Arabic]]: 'ّماهر الصغير' (Little Dennis)
*[[Portuguese language|Brazilian Portuguese]]: ''Dennis, o Pimentinha''
*[[British language|British]]: ''Just Dennis'' (also known as ''The Pickle'')·
*[[Croatian language|Croatian]]: ''Vragolasti Denis''
*[[Danish language|Danish]]: ''Jern-Henrik''
*[[Dutch language|Dutch]]: ''Dennis de Bengel''
*[[Finnish language|Finnish]]: ''Ville Vallaton''
*[[French language|French]]: ''Denis la malice''
*[[French language in Canada|French Canadian]]: ''Denis la petite peste''
*[[German language|German]]: ''Dennis der Lausejunge'' (also known as ''Dennis die Nervensäge'')
*[[Greek language|Greek]]: ''Ντένις ο Τρομερός''
*[[Hebrew language|Hebrew]]: ''דני שובבני'' (Danny Shovevani)
*[[Hungarian language|Hungarian]]: ''Dennisz, a komisz''
*[[Icelandic language|Icelandic]]: ''Denni Dæmalausi''
*[[Italian language|Italian]]: ''Dennis la Minaccia''
*[[Japanese language|Japanese]]: ''わんぱくデニス'' (''Wanpaku Dennis'')
*[[Korean language|Korean]]: ''개구쟁이 데니스''
*[[Norwegian language|Norwegian]]: ''Dennis the Menace''
*[[Polish language|Polish]]: ''Dennis Rozrabiaka''
*[[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]: ''Dennis o Pimentinha''
*[[Russian language|Russian]]:''Дэннис непоседа''
*[[Serbian language|Serbian]]: ''Denis Napast''
*[[Spanish language|Spanish]]: ''Daniel el Travieso''
*[[Slovenian language|Slovenian]]: ''Dennis pokora''
*[[Swedish language|Swedish]]: ''Dennis'', early called ''Jern-Hernik'', ''Bosse Bus'' or ''[[Kristian Tyrann]]''.
*[[Turkish language|Turkish]]: ''Afacan Denis''


==Games==
*Various video games based on the Back to the Future movies have been released over the years for home video game systems, including the [[Commodore 64]] computer, the [[Sega Master System]], the [[Sega Genesis]]/Megadrive, [[NES]], and [[Super Nintendo]] system.
*[[LJN]] also released ''[[Back to the Future Part II & III (video game)|Back to the Future Part II & III]]'' for the NES in 1990, which unlike the previous game, was a side scrolling platform game that allowed travelling back and forth between the different time periods from the trilogy as Marty attempts to correct the timeline and get back to the real 1985.
* A Japanese-only release for the [[SNES]] was made based on Back to the Future II. The game was a side-scroller that allowed the player to control Marty on the hoverboard while he battled enemies.
* A 1990 [[pinball]] game designed by Joe Kaminkow and Ed Cebula and released by [[Data East]] Pinball based on the Back to the Future trilogy. This game features three songs that were featured in the movies: "Back in Time" and "Power of Love" (originally performed by [[Huey Lewis and the News]]), and Doubleback (originally performed by [[ZZ Top]]).[http://www.ipdb.org/machine.cgi?id=126 IPDB listing for Back to the Future: The Pinball].
* The [[GameCube]] game, ''[[Universal Studios Theme Parks Adventure]]'', featured the [[Back to the Future: The Ride]] as a game.[[Universal_Studios_Theme_Park_Adventure#Back_to_the_Future:_The_Ride|Back to the Future Ride Game]] follows just like the ride. Your mission is to chase Biff in Hill Valley through time, future(2015), ice age, and prehistoric.


==See also==
* [[De Lorean time machine]]
* [[De Lorean DMC-12]]
* [[Back to the Future]]
* [[Back to the Future Part II]]
* [[Back to the Future Part III]]
* [[Back to the Future The Ride]]
* [[Back to the Future: The Animated Series]]


==References==
== See also ==
* [[Dennis the Menace (UK)]]
{{reflist|1}}
* [[Hurricane Dennis]] - nicknamed Dennis the Menace
{{King Features Syndicate Comics}}


==External links==
== External links ==
* [http://www.bttf.com/ BTTF.com]
* [http://www.dennisthemenace.com/ ''Dennis the Menace'' - the Official Website]
* [http://www.bttfmovie.com/ Official Universal Pictures site advertising the trilogy.]
* [http://www.kingfeatures.com/features/comics/dennis/about.htm ''Dennis the Menace'' at King Features]
* [http://www.bttf.com/film_faq.htm BTTF Frequently Asked Questions] written by Bob Gale and Robert Zemeckis
* [http://www.kingfeatures.com/features/comics/dennis/charactMaina.htm List and short bios of the strip's characters]
* [http://www.toonopedia.com/dennis.htm Toonopedia: Dennis the Menace]
* [http://www.fantagraphics.com/artist/ketcham/menace.html Fantagraphics' ''Dennis The Menace'' page]
* [http://www.reuben.org/ncs/archive/divisions/advertising.asp NCS Awards]


== Footnotes and References ==
{{bttf}}
{{reflist}}


[[Category:Back to the Future| ]]
[[Category:American comic strips]]
[[Category:Film trilogies]]
[[Category:Comic strips started in the 1950s]]
[[Category:1985 introductions]]
[[Category:Dennis the Menace (US)| ]]
[[Category:Fictional characters from Kansas]]
[[Category:Child characters in comics]]


[[fr:Denis la malice (série télévisée)]]
[[ca:Back to the Future]]
[[cs:Návrat do budoucnosti]]
[[pl:Dennis Rozrabiaka]]
[[de:Zurück in die Zukunft]]
[[fi:Ville Vallaton]]
[[es:Back to the Future]]
[[sv:Dennis (seriefigur)]]
[[tr:Afacan Dennis]]
[[eo:Back to the Future (fikcia universo)]]
[[te:డెనిస్-ఓ బెడద]]
[[it:Ritorno al futuro (trilogia)]]
[[he:בחזרה לעתיד (טרילוגיית סרטים)]]
[[hu:Vissza a jövőbe-trilógia]]
[[nl:Back to the Future]]
[[ja:バック・トゥ・ザ・フューチャー・トリロジー]]
[[no:Tilbake til fremtiden]]
[[pl:Powrót do przyszłości (trylogia)]]
[[pt:Back to the Future]]
[[ro:Înapoi în viitor]]
[[ru:Назад в будущее]]
[[fi:Paluu tulevaisuuteen -trilogia]]
[[th:เจาะเวลาหาอดีต]]
[[tr:Geleceğe Dönüş]]

Revision as of 21:19, 12 October 2008

This article is about the American comic strip. For other uses, see Dennis the Menace.
Dennis the Menace
Author(s)Hank Ketcham
Marcus Hamilton
Ron Ferdinand
Launch dateMarch 12, 1951
End datepresent
Syndicate(s)Daily Ink
Publisher(s)Fantagraphics Books

Dennis the Menace, known in some countries as just "'Dennis'"is a daily syndicated newspaper comic strip originally created, written and illustrated by Hank Ketcham since March 12, 1951, which made its debut in only 16 newspapers. It is now written and drawn by Ketcham's former assistants, Marcus Hamilton and Ron Ferdinand, and distributed to more than at least 1,000 newspapers in 48 countries and 19 languages by King Features Syndicate.[1] The comic strip usually runs for a single panel on weekdays and a full strip on Sundays.

Dennis was so successful that he was later made into many kinds of popular media, including a 1960s live-action television sitcom, a 1980s animated television series, a 1987 made-for-TV live-action movie, a 1993 theatrical live-action film and another animated series based on that film, and there is also a 1981 animated prime-time television special, a 1998 direct-to-video live-action sequel that followed the 1993 live-action film and a 2002 animated television movie, and a 2007 Christmas special film, with a 2008 Halloween special film in already in development.

Characters

  • Dennis - a bumbling but lovable blond-haired, angel-faced little devil, five-year-old boy with a penchant for mischief. Everywhere he goes, Dennis's wide-eyed curiosity, well-meaning attempts to help out and his youthful nature always seem to lead to trouble.
  • George Everett Wilson - a retired postal carrier, Dennis's next-door neighbor. Dennis worships Mr. Wilson but often annoys him as he regularly disrupts Mr. Wilson's attempts at a serene, quiet life-such as cultivating roses. As a result, the gruff old man overtly displays a less-than-cordial attitude towards the young boy, though Dennis continues his well-meaning intrusions unabated. Mr. Wilson is named after a teacher Hank Ketcham knew.
  • Martha Wilson - Mr. Wilson's engaging wife, Martha coddles Mr. Wilson, adores Dennis and sees him as a surrogate grandson, since the Wilsons never had any children.
  • Henry Mitchell & Alice Mitchell - Dennis's father, an aerospace engineer and Dennis's stay-at-home mother. His long-suffering parents can only shake their heads and try to explain their son's antics to others. Despite this, and the many times his mother sends Dennis to the corner chair, they really do love him very much. Henry seems to understand Dennis a lot more in affairs of the heart. One example was when a furious Dennis stormed in saying,"Wimmin can say some of the stupidest things!" and his father knowingly said to his wife, Margaret. Another time was when Dennis and Gina were having a fun time together, and his mother wondered if Dennis would realize that he really likes Gina, and his father said knowingly again, "I think he will". His mother, however, is usually the shelter where Dennis can run to when things get too overwhelming for him; and she is there with a warm hug and protection. As a running gag Alice Mitchell has a phobia about snakes. Like his creator Hank Ketchum, Henry Mitchell served in the US Navy.
  • Ruff - Dennis's faithful dog. Ruff is always eagerly following him around, accompanying him running, riding his bike or his skateboard.
  • Joey McDonald - Dennis's friend, loyal and not-too-bright, he usually plays the sidekick to Dennis.
  • Margaret Wade - Dennis's friend and somewhat arch-foil; red-haired glasses wearing know-it-all whose cloying and self-important demeanor is always getting on Dennis’s nerves. She is attracted to Dennis, but he will have none of it. She always tries to improve Dennis and his manners, but only succeeds in annoying him. She has a certain amount of dislike for Gina, whom she sees as her competition. Gina gains Dennis's respect and admiration by just being herself and Margaret's pretensions fail to even make a mark on him.
  • Gina Gillotti - Dennis's friend, a tomboy. She is a fiercely independent young Italian girl, whom Dennis secretly has a crush on. He likes her because she is as independent minded as he is; and she enjoys the same things that he does. Gina is also highly aware that she is a girl, and woe betide anyone who doesn't think so. This earns her Dennis' respect and admiration.
  • Grampa Johnson - Alice's father who spoils Dennis often. He evokes the unintentional jealousy of Mr. Wilson, for he gets to see him only on occasion, but Wilson sees him all the time. Because they are so much alike, Dennis and Grampa Johnson get along beautifully. Wilson also thinks that Johnson should act his age, but this advice is often ignored. To Grampa, life is worth living, and he encourages Dennis to live it to the full.
  • Hot Dog - Dennis's rarely-seen cat who usually commiserates with him whilst he sits in the corner and reflects on his sins.

Tone

In tone, Dennis is most like an escapee from a 1930s movie, such as an Our Gang film, and can be seen as a derivative of another mischievous comic strip creation, The Katzenjammer Kids. The character's long-running success may be seen as being due to the timeless nature of such characters. Dennis the Menace serves as a prototype for other cartoon troublemakers, such as Calvin (from Calvin and Hobbes), Bart Simpson, Little Lulu, Buster Brown, Curious George and Bobby Bumps.

Adding to the timelessness of the character are personal touches that Ketcham included in his work. For instance, The Sugar Bowl, the ice cream counter Dennis frequents, is based on a real ice cream counter of the same name in Scottsdale, Arizona, frequented by cartoonist Bil Keane, as well as Arthur creator Marc Brown.[citation needed]

Another facet of Dennis which may be included in this is Dennis' love of Westerns. Though Dennis is consistently shown in a striped shirt and suspenders, he is still shown, at times, in a traditional cowboy outfit. This can be attributed to the setting of Kansas, and also the fact his Uncle Charlie owns a farm. The cowboy motif was more common when the comic strip first appeared, because Westerns were so popular, though even now, the advent of cable television means the Mitchell family can plausibly have access to plenty of Westerns for Dennis to enjoy.

History

Inspiration

The inspiration for the comic strip came from Dennis Ketcham, the real life son of Hank Ketcham,[2] who was only 4 years old when he refused to take a nap and somehow messed up his whole room. Hank tried many possible kid names for the character he was drawing in his desktop in his home at Carmel, and translated them into some his rough pencil sketches, but they seem unsuitable for a character of such immense depiction, until his studio door flew open and his then-wife Alice, in utter exasperation, exclaimed, "Your son is a menace!" Thus the "Dennis the Menace" name was used, the "menace" epithet and the image of the tornado stuck. The character of Henry Mitchell even bore a striking resemblance to Ketcham himself, who also became a fixture in the strip. Many people [weasel words] feel the characters hold remarkable resemblance to Jamie and the Magic Torch.

According to Hank Ketcham's biography in the Internet Movie Database, Ketcham said that Dennis the Menace was set in Wichita, Kansas.

Debut

Dennis the Menace comic strip made its debut on March 12, 1951,[3] in the following year in 16 newspapers across the US for the first time.

Coincidentally, another cartoon strip titled Dennis the menace was published in the British comic The Beano on March 15 (cover dated March 17 - the "off sale" date) of the same year.[citation needed]. Like the American character, the UK one remains popular to this day and has made the transition to television cartoons. As a result, any product of the US character, including the TV series, was billed simply as "Dennis" in the UK.

Award

Ketcham received the Reuben Award for the strip in 1953.[4] He also was made honorary mayor of Wichita. He was quoted saying "I set the whole thing in Wichita, Kansas, and as a result I got made an honorary mayor of Wichita."[5]

Publishers

Dennis the Menace has been published in comic books and comic digests from the 1950s through at least the 1980s by a variety of publishers, including Standard/Pines (1953–58), Fawcett Comics (during their only return to comics after losing the Captain Marvel lawsuit) (1958–80), and Marvel Comics (1981–82). These were produced by others, in particular Al Wiseman in the 1950s and 60s, who was one of Ketcham's assistants and Ron Fredinand in the 1980s, a Sunday page artist who drew several of the Dennis stories of the Marvel books, including the cover for issue #11. There have also been paperback book collections of the comic strips and comic books during the same time period from Avon Books, Gold Medal, Crest, and others.

Ketcham gradually turned the production of the strip over to his assistants Ron Ferdinand and Marcus Hamilton,[6] who continued it after his death in 2001,[7] due to a heart attack at age 81.[citation needed] In 2005, Dennis appeared as a guest for Blondie and Dagwood's 75th anniversary party in the comic strip Blondie.[verification needed]

Comic book

Dennis had been produced in comic book format for many years. The first issue of Dennis the Menace was published in August, 1953 by Standand/Pines, the original series ran for a total of 155 issues until January, 1978. Meanwhile, Fawcett Comics purchased the half of the comic book rights to the character and Dennis made his only return to the comics after Fawcett lost the Captain Marvel lawsuit in 1958. At that point, Fawcett Comics and Hallden Publishing became a subsidiary of CBS Consumer Publishing (A publishing imprint of CBS Corporation) and the Dennis the Menace comic book title became The Dennis the Menace Fun Fest series, the comic books continued through the issue #166, published in November, 1979.

Specials series

The comic book series (Drawn by Ketcham's assistant Al Wiseman, until the mid 60s) was running in tandem with the “Specials” series. First, there was The Dennis the Menace Winter Special, then The Dennis the Menace Spring Special, The Dennis the Menace Summer Special and then finally The Dennis the Menace Christmas Special. To continue this tandem, Fawcett published an anthology series of his previous adventures called The Best of Dennis the Menace, which ran from 1959 to 1961 in a total of 5 issues. This was followed with The Giant Dennis the Menace series, and concluded the specials series with their most-famous of their Dennis the Menace titles, The Dennis the Menace Travel Special Series. These Travel issues included Dennis and his family going to places like Mexico or camp in Yosemite Park and the most popular issue "Dennis Goes To Hollywood" which has him wreaking havoc on various movie sets and encountering assorted movie stars.

The specials series was then later re-christened as the Dennis the Menace Bonus Magazine Series forerunners, the series, which bore the title Bonus Magazine, started with issue #78 in March 1970 and continued through issue #173 in February 1978. CBS and Hallden later retitled the series as The Dennis the Menace Big Bonus Series, which it ran through issue #194 in October 1979.

Other series

By October 1979, Fawcett began publishing a separate series of 36 issues entitled Dennis the Menace and Mr. Wilson, which involved the simple adventures of Dennis and Mr. Wilson going into all sorts of mischievous capers. By the second issue, the Dennis and Mr. Wilson series was re-christened as Dennis the Menace and His Friends which now involved the adventures of Dennis, Mr. Wilson and friends, Joey, Margaret and dog, Ruff going to cause more troublesome mishaps. Because of this, the Mr. Wilson stories were alternated with the three characters as Ruff, Joey and Margaret who each shared a #1 issue with Dennis.

There were also other series of Dennis the Menace comic books published in 1961, first there was Dennis the Menace and His Dog, Ruff and Dennis the Menace and His Pal, Joey published the summer and the last but not least was Dennis the Menace and Margaret published in the winter of 1969.

Bible kids series

In 1977, Word Books, Inc. commissioned Hank Ketcham Enterprises, Inc. to produce a series of ten comic books under the title of Dennis and the Bible Kids, with the usual cast of characters reading (and sometimes partly acting out) the stories of Joseph, Moses, David, Esther, Jesus, and other Biblical characters. These were sold through Christian bookstores and related outlets. Each issue contained several inspirational renderings by Hank Ketcham himself.

Marvel series

For some unknown reason, the Dennis the Menace Fun Fest and the Dennis the Menace Big Bonus Series were revived for a short issue run in 1980. The numbering system was even more of a mystery.

  • January: The Dennis the Menace Fun Fest #16
  • February: The Dennis the Menace Big Bonus #10
  • March: The Dennis the Menace Fun Fest #17
  • April: The Dennis the Menace Big Bonus #11

After this revival series, the Hallden and CBS comics run came to an end in 1980. Fortunately, Ketcham had the half of the comic book rights purchased by Stan Lee and Marvel Comics, they were able to produce a new series of Dennis the Menace comic books. The Marvel series started in December, 1981 and ended in November, 1982. The seventh issue in the Marvel Comics adaptation featured a Spider-Man spoof story called “Spider-Kid”, the story featured Dennis imagining himself as a pint-sized Spider-Man fighting crime with Mr. Wilson as J. Jonah Jameson, Gina Gillotti as his girlfriend Mary Jane Watson and Joey, Margaret and Ruff being themselves, the cover even displayed Dennis is Spider-Kid jumping from a cloud and unmasking himself revealing to be Dennis! The smaller Dennis the Menace comic digests were published continually by Fawcett and Hallden between 1969 and 1980 and they were briefly resurrected in reprints by Marvel in 1982 for a run of three issues.

Book-length series

Several special issues also appeared in the 1970s, with book-length stories of Dennis and his parents visiting the Rosicrucian Egyptian Museum in San Jose, California, the Winchester Mystery House in San Jose, Mexico via cruise ship, and also Washington, D.C.

Book compilations

Dennis the Menace has also even been published in paperback book collects of the comic strips and comic books during the same time period, they are consisted of reprints of the previous comic strip adventures from the past decades. Avon Books, Gold Medal, Crest, Pocket Books, Corgi (UK) and Fawcett Books were all responsible for the publication of these books. This is a list of all the Dennis the Menace book compilations published so far (Note: All of the books carry the name ‘Dennis the Menace’ in their title.):

  • Babysitter’s Guide by Dennis the Menace (1954)
  • Wanted: Dennis the Menace (1955)
  • Dennis the Menace Rides Again (1956)
  • Dennis the Menace vs. Everybody (1957)
  • Dennis the Menace: Household Hurricane (1958)
  • The 100 Adventures of the Pickle (1958, UK)
  • In this corner… Dennis the Menace (1959)
  • Dennis the Menace …Teacher’s Threat (1960)
  • Dennis the Menace Voted Most Likely (1960)
  • Dennis the Menace A.M.* *Ambassador of Mischief (1961)
  • Babysitter’s Guide by Dennis the Menace (1961, reprint)
  • Dennis the Menace: Happy Half-Pint (1962)
  • Dennis the Menace …Who Me? (1963)
  • Dennis the Menace: Household Hurricane (1963, reprint)
  • Dennis the Menace: Make-Believe Angel (1964)
  • Dennis the Menace …Here Comes Trouble (1966)
  • Dennis the Menace and Poor Ol’ Mr. Wilson (1967)
  • Dennis the Menace: All-American Kid (1968)
  • Dennis the Menace and his pal Joey (1968)
  • Dennis the Menace: Your Friendly Neighborhood Kid (1969)
  • Dennis the Menace: Perpetual Motion (1969)
  • Dennis the Menace …Everybody’s Little Helper (1970)
  • Dennis the Menace: Non-Stop Nuisance (1970)
  • Dennis the Menace Rides Again (1971, reprint)
  • Dennis the Menace: Surprise Package (1971)
  • Dennis the Menace: Short ‘n Snappy (1971)
  • Dennis the Menace: Where the Action Is (1971)
  • Dennis the Menace: Dennis Power (1972)
  • Dennis the Menace: Just for Fun (1973)
  • Dennis the Menace: The Kid Next Door (1973)
  • Dennis the Menace: Busybody (1974)
  • Dennis the Menace: Little Pip-Squeak (1974)
  • Dennis the Menace: Play it Again, Dennis (1975)
  • Dennis the Menace: To the Core (1975)
  • Dennis the Menace: Little Man in a Big Hurry (1976)
  • Dennis the Menace: Short Swinger (1976)
  • Dennis the Menace and His Girls (1977)
  • Dennis the Menace: Stayin' Alive (1977)
  • Dennis the Menace: Good Intenshuns (1978)
  • Dennis the Menace: One More Time (1978)
  • Someone's In The Kitchen With Dennis (1978)
  • Dennis the Menace: “Your Mother’s Calling!” (1978)
  • Dennis the Menace: Ol’ Droopy Drawers (1978)
  • Dennis the Menace: Driving Mother Up the Wall (1979)
  • Dennis the Menace: I Done It MY Way (1979)
  • Dennis the Menace: Short in the Saddle (1979)
  • Dennis the Menace: Ain’t Misbehavin’ (1980)
  • Dennis the Menace: The Way I Look at It… (1982)
  • Dennis the Menace: Dog’s Best Friend (1982)
  • Dennis the Menace: Supercharged and Ever Ready (1983)
  • Dennis the Menace: Sunrise Express (1983)

In 2005, comics publisher Fantagraphics began to reprint Ketcham's entire run on Dennis the Menace in a 25-volume series over eleven years.[8]

  1. Hank Ketcham's Complete Dennis the Menace (1951–52) ISBN 1-56097-680-2
  2. Hank Ketcham's Complete Dennis the Menace (1953–54) ISBN 1-56097-725-6
  3. Hank Ketcham's Complete Dennis the Menace (1955–56) ISBN 1-56097-770-1
  4. Hank Ketcham's Complete Dennis the Menace (1957–58) ISBN 1-56097-806-7

Worldwide success

  • For some years, Dennis the Menace was the "spokestoon" for ice cream restaurant chain Dairy Queen; many of the characters appeared on their packaging and in advertising. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, Dennis the Menace was licensed by Dairy Queen as their official mascot, appearing in many commercials and on the chain's cups, bags, and other promotional items. The Dennis incarnation used was the one from the 1986 animated series, as the promotions started in the middle of that series' run. Dennis has since been supplanted by other cartoon characters.

Animated TV series

Main article: Dennis the Menace (1986 TV series)

Films and TV sitcoms

Dennis has been the subject of a number of animated adaptations, as well as a CBS sitcom from 1959 to 1963 starring Jay North as Dennis[10] and both Joseph Kearns[11] and Gale Gordon, successively, as Mr. (George and John) Wilson. A 1993 live-action film starred Walter Matthau as Mr. Wilson.[12] It was originally titled "The Real Dennis the Menace" before the final name was approved. This was followed up with Dennis the Menace Strikes Again! in 1998 starring Don Rickles as Mr. Wilson.

A Dennis the Menace Christmas is scheduled for release on DVD November 17, 2007. The Warner Brothers film stars Robert Wagner as Mr. Wilson, Louise Fletcher as Mrs. Wilson, and Maxwell Perry-Cotton as Dennis. For the first time, Dennis is being played by a real, live six-year-old actor. The film was shot in Montreal, Canada, and features a number of young Canadian actors.

See the separate entries for more detailed information on the film and TV adaptations

Dennis the Menace in other languages

The animated television series and the comic book series have been translated into 19 languages since the invention of the character, and whom they have made and are famous worldwide.


See also

External links

Footnotes and References

  1. ^ "Hank Ketcham, Father of Dennis the Menace, Dies at 81". The New York Times. 2001-06-02. Retrieved 2007-11-24. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  2. ^ Weinraub, Judith (1990-05-05). "Dennis's' Dear Old Dad". The Washington Post.
  3. ^ Dennis the Menace Website
  4. ^ "The Reuben Award 1946 - 1974" (HTML). The National Cartoonists Society. Retrieved 2007-09-18.
  5. ^ "Biography for Hank Ketcham". Retrieved 2007-09-18.
  6. ^ "'DENNIS THE MENACE' CREATOR TO RETIRE". The Buffalo News. 1994-10-24.
  7. ^ VAN GELDER, LAWRENCE (2001-06-02). "Hank Ketcham, Father of Dennis the Menace, Dies at 81". The New York Times. Retrieved 2007-09-17.
  8. ^ ESTRADA, GEORGE (2005-08-08). "Antics of "Dennis the Menace" back in print". The Seattle Times Company. Retrieved 2008-09-18. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  9. ^ "Statue of Dennis the Menace Stolen" (HTML). The Associated Press. 2006-10-28. Retrieved 2007-09-18. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  10. ^ KORMAN, SEYMOUR (1959-09-26). "DENNIS THE MENACE Goes on TV". Chicago Daily Tribune. Retrieved 2008-09-18. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  11. ^ "JOSEPH KEARNS, 55, TV ACTOR, IS DEAD; Played Mr. Wilson of 'Dennis the Menace' on C.B.S." The Seattle Times Company. 1962-02-18. Retrieved 2008-09-18. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  12. ^ Staff and wire reports (2000-07-01). "Actor Walter Matthau dies at 79". Cable News Network. Retrieved 2007-09-18. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
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