Weimar Republic and Pokémon (TV series): Difference between pages

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{{Infobox Former Country
{{Infobox animanga/Header
| name = Pokémon
|native_name = ''Deutsches Reich''
| image = [[Image:Pokemon-diamond-and-pearl-group.png|230px]]
|conventional_long_name = German Reich
|common_name = Germany
| caption = The Sinnoh Saga
|government_type = Republic
| ja_name = ポケットモンスター
| ja_name_trans = Pocket Monsters
|continent = Europe
| genre = [[Adventure]], [[Fantasy]] <!-- Don't add the genre "Comedy" unless you have a proof. The show being funny in your opinion is NOT a reliable source. See also: Wikipedia:Point of view -->
|region = Central Europe
}}
|country = Germany
{{Infobox animanga/Anime
|era = Interwar period
|year_start = 1919
| title =
| director = Masamitsu Hidaka
|date_start = [[9 November]], [[1918]]
|event1 = Hitler takes office
| writer =
| studio = [[Oriental Light and Magic|OLM, Inc.]]
|date_event1 = [[30 January]] [[1933]]
| licensor = [[4Kids Entertainment]] (1998–2005)<br />[[Pokémon USA]] (2006-present)
|year_event1 = 1933
|event2 = [[Reichstag fire]]
| network = [[TV Tokyo]]
| network_en = [[Broadcast syndication|Syndication]] (September 1998–January 1999)<br />[[Kids' WB!]] (February 1999–September 2006)<br />[[Cartoon Network (United States)|Cartoon Network]] (September 2006–current)
|date_event2 = [[27 February]], [[1933]]
| network_other = {{flagicon|Canada}} [[YTV (TV channel)|YTV]]<br /> {{flagicon|UK}} [[Sky1]], [[CITV Channel]], [[Cartoon Network (UK & Ireland)|Cartoon Network]], [[Cartoon Network TOO]], [[Jetix (UK & Ireland)|Jetix]] <br /> {{flagicon|Greece}} [[Star Channel]]<br/> {{flagicon|France}} [[Jetix (France)|Fox Kids]] Gulli <br /> {{flagicon|Italy}} [[Italia 1]] <br /> {{flagicon|Philippines}} [[GMA 7]]' [[Cartoon Network (Philippines)|Cartoon Network]] <br /> {{flagicon|South Korea}} [[Tooniverse]] <br /> {{flagicon|China}} [[YoYo TV]] <br /> {{flagicon|Taiwan}} [[Yoyo TV]]
|year_event2 = 1933
| first = April 1, 1997
|event_end = [[Enabling Act of 1933|Enabling Act]]
|year_end = 1933
| last = present
| episodes = 568
|date_end = [[March 23]], [[1933]]
| episode_list = List of Pokémon episodes#Pocket Monsters (Series 1)
|p1 = German Empire
}}
|flag_p1 = Flag of the German Empire.svg
{{Infobox animanga/Other
|s1 = Nazi Germany
|flag_s1 = Flag of Germany 1933.svg
| title = Movies
| content = *5 Pokémon movies
|image_flag = Flag of Germany (2-3).svg
*4 ''Advanced Generation'' movies
|flag = Flag of Germany#Weimar Republic
*2 ''Diamond & Pearl'' movies
|image_coat = Wappen Deutsches Reich (Weimarer Republik).svg
}}
|image_map = DR1919-1937.svg
{{Infobox animanga/Other
|image_map_caption = Germany during the Weimar period, with the [[Free State of Prussia]] (in blue) as the largest state
| title = Specials
|national_anthem = Das Lied der Deutschen
| content = *2 full-length TV specials
|common_languages = [[German language|German]]
*Assorted side-story episodes (Pokémon Hosou/Pokémon Chronicles)
|capital = Berlin
*Winter Vacation shorts
|latd=52|latm=31|latNS=N|longd=13|longm=24|longEW=E
}}
|currency = [[German papiermark|Papiermark]] (1919-1923)<br>[[German reichsmark|Reichsmark]] (1924-1933)
{{Infobox animanga/Footer}}
|
'''''Pokémon''''' (abbreviated from {{nihongo|'''''Pocket Monsters'''''|ポケットモンスター|''Poketto Monsutā''|}} in [[Japan]]) is an ongoing Japanese [[anime|animated]] series, which has since been adapted for the [[North America]]n and [[Europe]]an television market. It is somewhat based on the [[Pokémon (video games)|Pokémon video game series]] and a part of the [[Pokémon]] franchise.
|title_leader = [[Reichspräsident|President]]
|leader1 = [[Friedrich Ebert]]
|year_leader1 = 1918-1925
|leader2 = [[Paul von Hindenburg]]
|year_leader2 = 1925-August 1934
|title_deputy = [[Chancellor of Germany|Chancellor]]
|deputy1 = [[Philipp Scheidemann]](first)
|year_deputy1 = 1919
|deputy2 = [[Adolf Hitler]] (last)
|year_deputy2 = 1933
|stat_year1 = 1925 <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gonschior.de/weimar/Deutschland/index.htm |title=Das Deutsche Reich im Überblick |work=Wahlen in der Weimarer Republik |accessdate=2007-04-26}}</ref>
|stat_area1 = 468787
|stat_pop1 = 62411000
|house1 = [[Reichsrat (Germany)|Reichsrat]]
|type_house1 = State council
|legislature = [[Reichstag (institution)|Reichstag]]
|footnotes =
}}
The term '''Weimar Republic''' ({{Audio|De-WeimarRepublic.ogg|Weimarer Republik}}, {{IPA2|ˈvaɪ̯marɐ repuˈbliːk}}) is used by historians to signify the [[democracy|democratic]] and [[republic]]an period of [[Germany]] from 1919 to 1933.


Originally a single series, ''Pokémon'', it has since been made into three series, including ''Pokémon: Advanced Generation'' and subsequently ''Pokémon Diamond & Pearl'', which continue the story of ''Pokémon'', while its [[spin-off]] ''[[Pokémon Chronicles]]'' or, as it is known in Japan, ''[[Pokémon Sunday]]'' (formerly ''Shūkan Pokémon Hōsōkyoku'') is a series of stories revolving around some of the recurring characters.
Following [[World War I]], the republic emerged from the [[German Revolution]] in November 1918. In 1919 a [[Weimar National Assembly|national assembly]] convened in the city of [[Weimar]], where [[Weimar constitution|a new constitution]] for the German Reich was written, that was adopted on [[August 11]]. The first attempt to establish a [[liberal democracy]] in Germany failed with the ascent of [[Adolf Hitler]] and the [[Nazi Party]] in 1933. Although technically the 1919 constitution was not invalidated until after [[World War II]], the legal measures taken by the Nazi government in February and March 1933, commonly known as ''[[Gleichschaltung]]'', destroyed the mechanisms of a true democracy. Therefore 1933 is usually seen as the end of the Weimar Republic and as the beginning of Hitler's so-called "[[Nazi Germany|Third Reich]]".


==Airing and production==
The name ''Weimar Republic'' was never used officially during its existence. Despite its political form, the new republic was still known as ''Deutsches Reich'' in German, rendered in a literal translation as ''German Empire'' but often called ''German Reich'' in English, due to confusion over the use of the term "empire" for a republic which had given up imperial ambitions and due to the word "reich" having other possible non-imperial translations.<ref>[http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/imt/kbpact.htm Kellogg-Briand Pact 1928]: Use of "German Reich" (in place of an accurate translation) as an appellation for Germany in an official document.</ref> The common short form remained ''Germany''. The term reich would regain its use as a term describing empire when the Nazis used it.
The English adaptation of the series was produced by [[4Kids Entertainment]] and video distribution of the series was handled by [[Viz Media]] for the TV series for the younger generation as well as the eighth movie forward, [[Warner Bros.]] and [[Nintendo]] for the first three movies and the first special, [[Miramax Films]], and [[Buena Vista Distribution|Buena Vista Home Entertainment]] for the fourth movie through the seventh. The series and all feature films are directed by Kunihiko Yuyama, with English adaptations originally written by [[Norman J. Grossfeld]] and Michael Haigney for the first eight seasons. However, starting with the ninth season, the American branch of [[The Pokémon Company]], Pokémon USA, and [[TAJ Productions]], who worked with 4Kids on the show before taking leave after Season 5, replaced 4Kids as the show's non-[[Japan]]ese producers and distributors. Most of the original voice cast was also replaced, causing controversy among fans who admired the original voice actors. TAJ was replaced by [[DuArt Film and Video]] for the tenth movie and Season 11 of the anime series. In the UK, Pokémon first aired on the Saturday morning show [[SMTV Live]] and proved to be extraordinarily popular, to the point were segments and sketches of the show itself were based around Pokémon (e.g. the Pokérap).


The show (as of November 8, 2007 in [[Japan]] and April 12, 2008 in the [[United States]]) started its second season of ''Diamond and Pearl'', subtitled "Battle Dimension" in the English dub. An English version of ''Shūkan Pokémon Hōsōkyoku'' has now been made, titled ''[[Pokémon Chronicles]]'' which premiered in the UK on [[Toonami]] on May 11, 2005 at 4:30 p.m. [[North American Eastern Time Zone|ET]], and is currently airing the 10th season on [[YTV (TV channel)|YTV]] in [[Canada]]. Each season also brings forth a Pokémon feature-length film, and each film up until the seventh is preceded by a Pokémon animated short. [[Pokémon in other media#CD's|''Pokémon'' CD's]] have been released in conjunction with the anime. The tracks feature songs that have been shown in the English dubbed version of the anime. However, some CDs have been released to promote and profit the anime.
==History==
===Controlled revolution: the establishment of the Republic (1918&ndash;1919)===
{{main|German Revolution}}
From 1916 onwards, the 1871 [[German Empire]] had effectively been governed by the military headed by the ''[[Oberste Heeresleitung]]'' (OHL, Supreme Army Command) with the Chief of Staff [[Paul von Hindenburg]]. When it became apparent that [[World War I]] was lost, the OHL demanded that a civil government be installed in order to meet a key peace talk condition from [[United States]] President [[Woodrow Wilson]]. Any attempt to continue the war after [[Bulgaria]] had left the [[Central Powers]] would have only caused German territories to be militarily occupied by the victors. The new ''Reichskanzler'' Prince [[Max von Baden]] thus offered a cease-fire to U.S. President Wilson on [[October 3]], [[1918]]. On [[October 28]], [[1918]], the 1871 constitution was finally amended to make the ''Reich'' a [[parliamentary system|parliamentary monarchy]], which the government had refused for half a century: the Chancellor was henceforth responsible to Parliament, the ''[[Reichstag (institution)|Reichstag]],'' and no longer to the [[Kaiser]].


In Japan, both series are shown on [[TV Tokyo]], with ''Diamond and Pearl'' airing on Thursday nights (previously Monday) and ''Pokémon Sunday'' on Sunday mornings. In the United States, ''Advanced Generation'' could previously be seen on the air on the now-defunct [[Kids' WB!]] cartoon block on Saturdays, but in April 2006, Kids WB, which continued on the [[The CW Television Network|CW Network]] until 2008, announced the fall schedule and Pokémon was nowhere to be seen, replaced by the WB-created series ''[[Legion of Super Heroes (animated series)|Legion of Super-Heroes]]''. The rights for ''Battle Frontier'' were picked up by [[TimeWarner]]'s corporate sibling Cartoon Network instead,<ref>[http://news.toonzone.net/article.php?ID=11078 "Pokémon: Battle Frontier" Coming to Cartoon Network This Fall], ''Toon Zone''. URL last accessed March 4, 2007.</ref><ref>[http://www.pokemon.com/index.weml#mailbag_01292007 Mailbag: A Very Special Episode!], ''Pokémon.com''. URL last accessed March 4, 2007.</ref> and aired on CN starting September 9, 2006 at 9 a.m. US ET/[[Pacific Time Zone|PT]], with a special prime-time episode having been aired the night before (September 8 at 8:30 p.m. ET/PT, following the ''Pokémon Mystery Dungeon'' special. The fourth season of the ''Advanced Generation'' series, titled ''Battle Frontier'' has been airing in the United Kingdom from February 5, 2007, the show also airs in Canada. In addition, the series is also seen as such on the [[International Satellite Network]].
The plan to transform Germany into a [[constitutional monarchy]] similar to [[United Kingdom|Britain]] quickly became obsolete as the country slid into a state of near-total chaos. Germany was flooded with soldiers returning from the front, many of them wounded physically and psychologically. Violence was rampant, as the forces of the political right and left fought not only each other, but among themselves.
{{History of Germany}}
Rebellion broke out when on [[October 29]], the military command, without consultation with the government, ordered the German [[High Seas Fleet]] to [[sortie]]. This was not only entirely hopeless from a military standpoint, but was also certain to bring the peace negotiations to a halt. The crews of two ships in [[Wilhelmshaven]] mutinied. When the military arrested about 1,000 seamen and had them transported to [[Kiel]], the [[Wilhelmshaven mutiny]] turned into a general rebellion that quickly swept over most of Germany. Other seamen, soldiers and workers, in solidarity with the arrested, began electing worker and soldier councils (Arbeiter- und Soldatenräte) modelled after the [[Soviet (council)|soviets]] of the [[Russian Revolution of 1917]], and seized military and civil powers in many cities. On [[November 7]], the revolution had reached [[Munich]], causing King [[Ludwig III of Bavaria]] to flee.


Cartoon Network's India service, along with their Toonami UK service, also carries Pokémon episodes. As of October 9, 2006, Cartoon Network's online service, [[Toonami Jetstream]], featured Pokémon episodes starting at the Orange League episode "The Pokémon Water War".
In contrast to Russia one year earlier, the councils were not controlled by [[Communism|communists]]. Most of their members were social democrats. Still, with the emergence of the Soviet Union, the rebellion caused great fear in the establishment down to the middle classes. The country seemed to be on the verge of a [[communist revolution]].


The newest series of Pokémon began airing in Japan on September 28, 2006 with a three-episode arc introducing the new series' main female character [[Dawn (Pokémon)|Dawn]] (known as Hikari in Japan), based on the playable female player in the games. The new series aired with a sneak preview on April 20, 2007 in the USA. The sneak preview aired on May 5 in Canada. A dubbed version of the 90-minute preview done in Japan, takes place in the Sinnoh region, based on the new ''[[Pokémon Diamond and Pearl (video games)|Pokémon Diamond and Pearl]]'' games. The new series aired in prime time on Cartoon Network starting June 4 at 7:30 PM ET/PT as part of the Cartoon Network Summer 2007 programming promotion. Currently, it airs on Saturday mornings with newer episodes airing at 9:30 AM ET/PT. The summer run was confirmed in the ''[[Pokémon Ranger and the Temple of the Sea]]'' DVD released on April 2 of 2007. Pokémon Diamond and Pearl has also been airing on [[YTV (TV channel)|YTV]] in Canada since September 8, 2007. May will appear in the 76th episode for Wallace's contest. Max and Misty's statuses are still unknown (Though the latter's Seiyuu did hint at one point in her blog that Misty might be appearing in D/P). Dawn is taking their place, while a new rival for Ash, Paul, is also featured along with new villains such as the Pokémon Hunter J and Team Galactic.
At the time, the traditional political representation of the working class, the [[SPD|Social Democratic Party]] was divided: a faction that called for immediate peace negotiations and leaned towards a socialist system had founded the [[Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany|Independent Social Democratic Party]] (USPD) in 1917. In order not to lose their influence, the remaining Majority Social Democrats (MSPD), who supported the war efforts and a parliamentary system, decided to put themselves at the front of the movement, and on [[November 7]], demanded that Kaiser [[Wilhelm II of Germany|Wilhelm II]] abdicate. When he refused, [[Prince Max of Baden]] simply announced that he had done so and frantically attempted to establish a [[regency]] under another member of the [[House of Hohenzollern]]. On [[November 9]], [[1918]], the ''German Republic'' was proclaimed by MSPD member [[Philipp Scheidemann]] at the [[Reichstag (building)|''Reichstag'' building]] in [[Berlin]], to the fury of [[Friedrich Ebert]], the leader of the MSPD, who still hoped to preserve the monarchy. Two hours later a ''Free Socialist Republic'' was proclaimed, 2 kilometers away, at the [[Berliner Stadtschloss]]. The proclamation was issued by [[Karl Liebknecht]], co-leader (with [[Rosa Luxemburg]]) of the communist [[Spartacist League]], which had allied itself with the USPD in 1917.


In the UK the Kanto region episodes aired randomly on different channels, and most fans saw the Johto and Hoenn regions on [[Sky1]] every weekend. Battle Frontier aired on Cartoon Network, and currently Pokemon Diamond and Pearl is airing in the UK following Battle Frontier. The CITV channel and ITV4 are currently repeating episodes of Diamond and Pearl everyday apart of [[Action Stations!]]. Battle Dimension has been confirmed in the UK, and has been airing on Jetix since September 6, 2008. This will be the new home for Pokemon in the UK.
On [[November 9]], in a legally questionable act, ''Reichskanzler'' Prince Max of Baden transferred his powers to Friedrich Ebert, who, shattered by the monarchy's fall, reluctantly accepted. It was apparent, however, that this act would not be sufficient to satisfy Liebknecht and his followers, so a day later, a coalition government called "Council of People's Commissioners" (''Rat der Volksbeauftragten'') was established, consisting of three MSPD and three USPD members. Led by Ebert for the MSPD and [[Hugo Haase]] for the USPD it ought to act as collective head of state. Although the new government was confirmed by the Berlin worker and soldier council, it was opposed by the [[Spartacist League]]. Ebert called for a National Congress of Councils, which took place from [[December 16]] to [[December 20]], [[1918]], and in which the MSPD had the majority. Ebert thus managed to enforce quick elections for a National Assembly to produce a constitution for a parliamentary system, marginalizing the movement that called for a socialist republic (see below).


==The Pokémon series==
On [[11 November]] [[Armistice with Germany (Compiègne)|an Armistice was signed at Compiègne]] by German representatives. It effectively ended military operations between the Allies and Germany. It amounted to German demilitarization, without any concessions by the Allies; the naval blockade would continue until complete peace terms were agreed.
The first series tells the story of [[Ash Ketchum]] (known as Satoshi in the Japanese version, he is named after Pokémon's creator, [[Satoshi Tajiri]]) and his quest to become a Pokémon Master. However, unlike in the [[video game]]s, he is given a [[Pikachu]] as his first Pokémon under unusual circumstances. Much of the series focuses on the friendship between Ash, Pikachu, Misty, Brock, May, Max, Tracey, Dawn and the various Pokémon and Trainers along the way. Joining Ash on his adventures are Brock (known as Takeshi in Japan) who wants to become the world's best Pokemon breeder and Misty (Kasumi in Japan) who wants to be a water Pokemon trainer (Brock and Misty were gym leaders in the original pokemon game, and were in the anime too but were able to travel with Ash due to different circumstances).


The other two series continue to follow the adventures of Ash and his friends. However, starting with the ''Advanced Generation'' series a new main character named May (Haruka in Japan) travels with Ash, [[Brock]] and also her little brother Max (Masato in Japan) through the Hoenn region replacing Misty, and competes in Pokémon Contests, which are set up in a similar manner to Pokémon Gyms (many throughout the region, and ending with a large tournament), although immensely different.
From November 1918 through January 1919, Germany was governed by the Council of People's Commissioners. It was extraordinarily active, and issued a large number of decrees. At the same time, its main activities were confined to certain spheres: the eight-hour workday, domestic labour reform, agricultural labour reform, right of civil-service associations, local municipality social welfare relief (split between Reich and States) and important national health insurance, re-instatement of demobilised workers, protection from arbitrary dismissal with appeal as a right, regulated wage agreement, and Universal suffrage from 20 years of age in all classes of elections — local and national. Occasionally the name "Die Deutsche Sozialdemokratische Republik" (The German Social-Democratic Republic) appeared in leaflets and on posters from this era, although this was never the official name of the country.


Throughout the run of the show the subject matter changes. In the original series, the show is more comical and whimsical (light and airy). It uses "goofy" humor (or "cute" humor when it comes to Pikachu, who does wacky things in between important scenes). In the ''Advanced Generation'' series as Ash becomes more of a mature and leader-type character, the main course of the show becomes more serious, as it deals with love and death, and its previous comical nature (for the most part) changes into [[comic relief]], attributed mostly to Team Rocket and Brock's love of girls, though the ''Diamond and Pearl'' series seems to have returned to using the original comical nature (mostly Ash being the straight man to his Pokémon's antics and Dawn taking the role of the naive beginner).
====The ''Reichswehr'' and the Revolution====
To ensure that his fledgling government was able to maintain control over the country, Ebert made an uneasy pact with the OHL, now led by Ludendorff's successor General [[Wilhelm Groener]]. This [[Ebert-Groener pact]] stipulated that the government would not attempt to reform the Army so long as the army swore to protect the state. On the one hand, this agreement symbolised the acceptance of the new government by the military, assuaging concern among the middle classes; on the other hand, it was considered a betrayal of worker interests by the radical left wing, and infuriated the right wing who believed democracy to be weak. The new model ''Reichswehr'' armed forces, limited by the [[Treaty of Versailles]] to 100,000 army soldiers and 15,000 seamen, remained fully under the control of the [[German officer class]] despite its nominal re-organisation. As an independent and conservative group in Weimar, it wielded a large amount of influence over the fate of the republic.


===Series names===
This also marked one of several steps that caused the permanent split in the working class' political representation into the SPD and Communists. The eventual fate of the Weimar Republic derived significantly from the general political incapacity of the German labour movement. The several strands within the central mass of the socialist movement adhered more to sentimental loyalty to alliances arising from chance than to any recognition of political necessity. Combined action on the part of the socialists was impossible without action from the millions of workers who stood midway between the [[parliament]]arians and the ultra-leftists who supported the workers councils. Confusion made acute the danger of extreme right and extreme left engaging in virulent conflict.
Like many anime metaseries, '''''Pokémon!''''', '''''Pokémon Advanced''''', and '''''Pokémon Diamond and Pearl''''' episodes are split up into smaller series for the English release, usually to denote the areas and adventures going on. Because of this, series are identified by the opening animation used for the episode, rather than a run of a fixed number of episodes. In certain places, the different series are considered different shows altogether, although they involve the same storylines and characters. To date there are 11 total series completed, three of such have aired in the United States.


{| class="wikitable"
The split became final after Ebert called upon the OHL for troops to put down another Berlin army mutiny on [[November 23]], [[1918]], in which soldiers had captured the city's garrison commander and closed off the ''Reichskanzlei'' where the Council of People's Commissioners was situated. The ensuing street fighting was brutal with several dead and injured on both sides. This caused the left wing to call for a split with the MSPD which, in their view, had joined with the Anti-Communist military to suppress the Revolution. The USPD thus left the Council of People's Commissioners after only seven weeks. In December, the split deepened when the [[Communist Party of Germany|Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands]] (KPD) was formed out of a number of radical left-wing groups, including the radical left wing of the USPD and the ''[[Spartacist League]]'' group.
<center>'''''Pokémon!'' (covers [[Kanto (Pokémon)|Kanto]], the [[Orange Islands]], and [[Johto]])'''</center>
|-
! Season
! Description
! # of Eps.
|-
| '''[[List of Pokémon episodes (season 1)|''Pokemon!'']]'''
| Covers the entire [[Kanto (Pokémon)|Kanto]] saga. Ash collects the eight regional gym badges and competes in the Pokémon League, finishing in the top sixteen. Ash got Pikachu in the first episode. Ash caught a Caterpie that evolved to Metapod and then to Butterfree (it was the first pokémon Ash ever caught. Ash trades it for a Raticate, but trades it back again). Later, Ash released it. Ash also caught a Pidgeotto that evolved to Pidgeot right before Ash released it, a Bulbasaur, a Charmander that evolved into Charmeleon and then to Charizard, a Kraby that evolved into Kingler in its first battle, a Primape but he gave it to a fighting pokémon trainer, a Muk and 30 Tauros.
| 83
|-
| '''[[List of Pokémon episodes (season 2)|''The Orange Island Adventures'']]'''
| Covers the [[Orange Islands|Orange Archipelago]] saga. Tracey replaces Brock as a main character. Ash collects the four regional gym badges and competes in the Orange League, which he wins.
| 35
|-
| '''[[Pokémon: The Johto Journeys|''The Johto Journeys'']]'''
| Covers from New Bark Town to Goldenrod City. Brock returns with Ash and Misty and travel to Johto to deliver the GS Ball to Kurt. Ash collects the first two gym badges to compete in the Silver Conference.
| 40
|-
| '''[[Pokémon: Johto League Champions|''Johto League Champions'']]'''
| Covers from Goldenrod City to Cianwood City. Ash collects the next three gym badges needed to compete in the Silver Conference.
| 52
|-
| '''[[Pokémon: Master Quest|''Master Quest'']]'''
| Covers from Cianwood City to Pallet Town. Ash collects the final three gym badges and competes in the Silver Conference, finishing in the top eight. Misty and Brock leave on their respective journeys, and Ash heads to Hoenn with only Pikachu.
| 64
|}


{| class="wikitable"
In January, more armed attempts at establishing [[communism]], known as the [[Spartacist uprising]], by the [[Spartacist League]] and others in the streets of Berlin were put down by paramilitary ''[[Freikorps]]'' units consisting of volunteer soldiers. Bloody street fights culminated in the beating and shooting deaths of [[Rosa Luxemburg]] and [[Karl Liebknecht]] after their arrests on [[January 15]]. With the affirmation of Ebert, those responsible were not tried before a [[court martial]], leading to lenient sentences, which made Ebert unpopular amongst the radical leftists.
<center>'''''Advanced Generation'' (covers [[Hoenn]] and [[Kanto]])'''</center>
|-
! Season
! Description
! # of Eps.
|-
| '''[[Pokémon: Advanced|''Advanced'']]'''
| Covers from Littleroot Town to Mauville City. Ash is joined by May, a new trainer who wishes to compete in Pokémon Contests in order to enter the Grand Festival. They are also joined by May's brother Max, and Brock (Ash's second longest human friend throughout the anime). Ash collects the first three gym badges needed for the Hoenn League.
| 40
|-
| '''[[Pokémon: Advanced Challenge|''Advanced Challenge'']]'''
| Covers from Mauville City to Lilycove City. Ash collects the next three gym badges needed to compete in the Hoenn League. May wins three contests. Misty visits the group in Episode 44.
| 52
|-
| '''[[Pokémon: Advanced Battle|''Advanced Battle'']]'''
| Covers from Lilycove City to Saffron City. Ash collects the final two gym badges and competes in the Hoenn League, finishing in the top eight. May wins her final two contests and competes in the Grand Festival, finishing in the top eight. Ash decides to challenge the Battle Frontier, located in Kanto, while May decides to compete in the Kanto Pokémon Contests. Ash collects one Frontier Symbol and May wins one Kanto contest. Misty temporarily accompanies them to Mt. Moon.
| 53
|-
| '''[[List of Pokémon: Battle Frontier episodes#Season 9: Battle Frontier|''Battle Frontier'']]'''
| Covers from Saffron City to Pallet Town. Ash collects the final six Frontier Symbols and defeats the Battle Frontier. May wins her final four contests and competes in the Kanto Grand Festival, finishing in the top four. Ash goes to Sinnoh with just Pikachu and Aipom. May and Max return to Petalburg Gym. May travels to Johto, but Max remains in Hoenn. Brock returns to Pewter City.
| 49
|}


{| class="wikitable"
[[Image:Offizielle Postkarte Weimarer Nationalkversammlung.jpg|thumb|left|Official postcard of the National Assembly.]]
<center>'''''Diamond and Pearl'' (covers [[Sinnoh]])'''</center>
The National Assembly elections took place [[January 19]], 1919. In this time, the radical left-wing parties, including the USPD and KPD, were barely able to get themselves organized, leading to a solid majority of seats for the MSPD moderate forces. To avoid the ongoing fights in Berlin, the National Assembly convened in the city of [[Weimar, Germany|Weimar]], giving the future Republic its unofficial name. The [[Weimar Constitution]] created a republic under a [[semi-presidential system]] with the ''Reichstag'' elected by [[proportional representation]]. The Socialist and (Non-Socialist) Democratic parties obtained a solid 80 per cent of the vote.
|-
! Season
! Description
! # of Eps.
|-
| '''[[List of Pokémon: Diamond and Pearl episodes#Season 10: Diamond And Pearl Adventures (2007-2008)|''Diamond and Pearl'']]'''
| Covers from Twinleaf Town to Hearthome City. Ash is joined by Dawn, a new trainer who wants to compete in Pokémon Super-Contests and enter the Sinnoh Grand Festival. Brock also returns to the group. Ash meets rivals Paul and Nando. Dawn meets rivals Nando, Zoey and her rival/friend Kenny. Ash and Co. meet Hunter J and her attempts at stealing Pokémon. Ash wins the first two badges needed to compete in the Sinnoh League and Dawn wins one ribbon. Ash caught a Turtwig, a Starly which evolves into a Staravia, and a Chimchar which Paul releases. Dawn chooses Piplup as her starter Pokémon, and catches a Buneary, Pachirisu and a Buizel. Brock's Bonsly evolved into a Sudowoodo, he caught a Croagunk, and the egg won in the Pokémon dress contest hatched into a Happiny.
| 52
|-
| '''[[List of Pokémon: Diamond and Pearl episodes#Season 11: Pokémon Diamond and Pearl Battle Dimension (2007-2009)|''Diamond And Pearl Battle Dimension'']]'''
| Covers from Hearthome City to Celestic Town. James gives his cacnea to Gardenia. Ash & Co. meet Team Galactic. Ash trades with Dawn her Buizel with his Aipom and later, Dawn's Aipom evolves into Ambipom. Jessie wins her first ribbon at the Solaceon Contest. Ash catches a Gligar. Ash beats Veilstone city gym leader, Maylene. Jessie releases her Dustox so that it can mate with a shiny dustox. May returns in the 76th Episode and travels with the group to the Wallace Cup Competition. Dawn beats May in the Wallace Cup Ribbon. Jessie gets a Yanma which evolves into Yanmega in the same episode. Ash goes on to beat Crasher Wake, Gym Leader of Pastoria City, Dawn catches a Swinub and Ash's Gligar evolves into a Gliscor.
| 43 (as of [[{{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTDAY}}]], [[{{CURRENTYEAR}}]], 25 episodes have aired in the US)
|-
| '''[[List of Pokémon: Diamond and Pearl episodes#Season 12: Pokémon TBA (2008-2010)|''TBA'']]'''
| Covers from Celestic Town onwards. Ash & Co. meet Team Galactic's other commanders and the leader, Cyrus. Ash and his friends meet Aaron from the Elite Four. Ash's Turtwig evolves into Grotle while battling Paul's Honchkrow.
| 5+
|}


==Pokémon Chronicles==
During the debates in Weimar, fighting continued. A [[Bavarian Soviet Republic|Soviet republic]] was declared in [[Munich]], but was quickly put down by ''Freikorps'' and remnants of the regular army. The fall of the [[Munich Soviet Republic]] to these units, many of which were situated on the extreme right, resulted in the growth of [[far-right]] movements and organizations in [[Bavaria]], including the [[Nazis]], [[Organisation Consul]], and societies of exiled Russian Monarchists. Sporadic fighting continued to flare up around the country. In eastern provinces, forces loyal to Germany's fallen Monarchy fought the republic, while militias of Polish nationalists fought for independence: [[Greater Poland Uprising (1918–1919)|Great Poland Uprising]] in [[Provinz Posen]] and three [[Silesian Uprisings]] in [[Upper Silesia]].
{{main|Pokémon Chronicles}}
Pokémon Chronicles, known in Japan as ''Shūkan Pokémon Hōsōkyoku'' ({{lang|ja|週間ポケモン放送局}} "Weekly Pokémon broadcast"), is a closely related [[spin-off]] series that airs concurrently with the beginning part of ''Pokémon: Advanced Generation''. The main episodes are stories that star various recurring characters that appeared in ''Pokémon'', some of which account for discontinuities of the plot of ''Pokémon: Advanced Generation''. However, instead of new episodes each week, as is the case with ''Pokémon: Advanced Generation'', other things may air during ''Pokémon Chronicles,'' such as reruns of ''Pokémon'' episodes, television airings of the ''Pokémon'' movies, cast interviews, and live action footage.


==Pokémon Sunday==
====The socialist roots of Weimar====
Pokémon Sunday (Japanese: ポケモン☆サンデー) debuted on [[TV Tokyo]] on October 3, 2004. The show is the successor to the Pocket Monsters Encore and the [[Pokémon Chronicles|Weekly Pokémon Broadcasting Station]]. Like the shows before it, Pokémon Sunday is a sort of variety show featuring reruns of old episodes as well as a number of 'Research' episodes involving live-action elements.
[[Image:German losses after WWI.svg|thumb|300px|Germany after Versailles
----
{{legend|#ffffcf|Lost by Germany after [[World War I]]; Annexed by neighbouring countries}}
{{legend|#ddefd0|Lost by Germany after [[World War I]]; Administered by the [[League of Nations]]}}
{{legend|#f6d3a9|Germany (1919-1935)}}]]
The carefully thought-out social and political legislation introduced during the revolution was generally unappreciated by the German working-class. The two goals sought by the government, [[democratization]] and social protection of the working class, were never achieved. This has been attributed to a lack of pre-war political experience on the part of the Social Democrats. The government had little success in confronting the twin economic crises following the war.


==Anime films==
The permanent economic crisis was a result of lost pre-war industrial exports, the loss of supplies in raw materials and food stuffs from [[Alsace-Lorraine]], Polish districts and the colonies along with worsening debt balances and reparations payments. Military-industrial activity had almost ceased, although controlled demobilisation kept unemployment at around one million. The fact that the Allies continued to blockade Germany until after the [[Treaty of Versailles]] did not help matters, either.
During each season of the main series, a {{nihongo|'''''Pokémon feature film '''''|劇場版ポケットモンスター |Gekijōban Poketto Monsutā | ''Pocket Monsters the Movie}}, starring the main characters from the TV series has been released. [[As of 2007]], there have been ten [[film|movies]] and one feature length TV broadcast (released outside Japan as a direct-to-video movie titled "[[Mewtwo]] Returns"), the eleventh is scheduled to be released in July 19, 2008 in Japan. The plot of every movie has involved an encounter with a [[Legendary Pokémon]], although some may not conform to a strict definition of the word. The movies are also used to promote brand new Pokémon that are supposed to be in new versions of the game.


The Pokémon movies are also coupled with a short movie starring Ash and Co. pokémon. Each movie until the seventh is preceded by the animated shorts. The shorts are: ''Pikachu's Summer Vacation'', ''Pikachu's Rescue Adventure'', ''Pikachu and Pichu'', ''Pikachu's Pikaboo'', ''Camp Pikachu'', and ''Gotta Dance''.
The allies permitted only low import levels of goods that most Germans could not afford. After four years of war and famine, many German workers were exhausted, physically impaired and discouraged. Millions were disenchanted with capitalism and hoping for a new era. Meanwhile the currency devalued.


{|class="wikitable"
The German peace delegation in [[France]] signed the [[Treaty of Versailles]] accepting mass reductions of the German military, unrealistically heavy war reparations payments, and the controversial "[[War Guilt Clause]]". [[Adolf Hitler]] later blamed the republic and its democracy for the oppressive terms of this treaty, though most current historians disregard the [[Dolchstosslegende|"stab-in-the-back" myth]] Hitler advocated for his own personal political gain. ''See also: [[French-German enmity]]''.
! Movie !! Japanese Title !! English Title !! Release Date (JP/US)!! Legendary Pokémon !! Link
|-
| 1 || ''Mewtwo Strikes Back''<br />''ミュウツーの逆襲'' || ''[[Pokémon: The First Movie|Mewtwo Strikes Back'']] || July 18, 1998<br />November 10, 1999 || [[Mew (Pokémon)|Mew]]<br />[[Mewtwo]] || <ref>[http://www.pokemon.co.jp/anime/movie/1998/ Mewtwo Strikes Back]</ref>
|-
| 2 || ''Revelation Lugia''<br />''幻のポケモン ルギア爆誕'' || ''[[Pokémon: The Movie 2000|The Power of One]]'' || July 17, 1999<br />July 21, 2000 || [[Articuno]]<br />[[Zapdos]]<br />[[Moltres]]<br />[[Lugia]] || <ref>[http://www.pokemon.co.jp/anime/movie/1999/ Revelation Lugia] </ref>
|-
| 3 || ''Lord of the Unknown Tower: Entei''<br />''結晶塔の帝王 ENTEI'' || ''[[Pokémon 3: The Movie|Spell of the Unknown]]'' || July 08, 2000 <br /> April 06, 2001 || [[Entei (Pokémon)|Entei]] ||<ref>[http://www.pokemon.co.jp/anime/movie/2000/ Lord of the Unknown Tower]</ref>
|-
| 4 || ''Celebi: A Timeless Encounter''<br />''セレビィ　時を超えた遭遇'' || ''[[Pokémon 4Ever - Celebi: Voice of the Forest|Celebi: Voice of the Forest]]'' || July 07, 2001<br />October 11, 2002 || [[Celebi]]<br />[[Suicune]] || <ref>[http://www.pokemon.co.jp/anime/movie/2001/ Celebi: A Timeless Encounter]</ref>
|-
| 5 || ''Guardians of the Water Capital: Latias and Latios''<br />''水の都の護神 ラティアスとラティオス'' || ''[[Pokémon Heroes|Heroes: Latios and Latias]]'' || July 13, 2002<br />May 16, 2003 || [[Latios]]<br />[[Latias]] || <ref>[http://www.pokemon.co.jp/anime/movie/2002/ Guardians of the Water Capital: Latias and Latios]</ref>
|-
| 6 || ''Wishing Star of the Seven Nights''<br />''七夜の願い星 ジラーチ'' || ''[[Pokémon: Jirachi Wishmaker|Jirachi Wishmaker]]'' || July 19, 2003<br />June 01, 2004 || [[Jirachi]]<br />[[Groudon]] || <ref>[http://www.pokemon.co.jp/anime/movie/2003/ Wishing Star of Seven Nights]</ref>
|-
| 7 || ''Sky-Splitting Visitor: Deoxys''<br />''裂空の訪問者 デオキシス'' || ''[[Pokémon: Destiny Deoxys|Destiny Deoxys]]'' || July 22, 2004<br />January 22, 2005 || [[Rayquaza]]<br />[[Deoxys]] || <ref>[http://www.pokemon.co.jp/anime/movie/2004/ Sky-Splitting Visitor: Deoxys]</ref>
|-
| 8 || ''Mew and the Wave Guiding Hero: Lucario''<br />''ミュウと波導の勇者　ルカリオ'' || ''[[Pokémon: Lucario and the Mystery of Mew|Lucario and the Mystery of Mew]]'' || July 16, 2005<br />September 19, 2006 || [[Mew (Pokémon)|Mew]]<br />[[Ho-Oh]]<br />[[Regirock]]<br />[[Registeel]]<br />[[Regice]] || <ref>[http://www.pokemon.co.jp/anime/movie/2005/ Mew and the Wave Guiding Hero: Lucario]</ref>
|-
| 9 || ''Pokémon Ranger and the Prince of the Sea: Manaphy''<br />''ポケモンレンジャーと蒼海の王子 マナフィ''|| ''[[Pokémon Ranger and the Temple of the Sea]]'' || July 15, 2006<br />March 23, 2007 || [[Kyogre]]<br />[[Manaphy]] || <ref>[http://www.pokemon.co.jp/anime/movie/2006/ Pokémon Ranger and Prince of the Sea]</ref>
|-
| 10 || ''Dialga versus Palkia versus Darkrai''<br />''ディアルガVSパルキアVSダークライ'' || ''[[Pokémon: The Rise of Darkrai|The Rise of Darkrai]]'' || July 14, 2007<br />February 24, 2008 || [[Dialga]]<br />[[Palkia]]<br />[[Darkrai]] || <ref>[http://www.pokemon.co.jp/anime/movie/2007/ Dialga VS Palkia VS Darkrai]</ref>
|-
| 11 || ''Giratina to Sora no Hanataba: Sheimi<br />''ギラティナと氷空の花束 シェイミ'' || ''[[Giratina to Sora no Hanataba: Sheimi|Giratina and the Sky's Bouquet]]'' || July 19, 2008 || [[Giratina]]<br />[[Regigigas]]<br />[[Shaymin]]<br />[[Dialga]]<br />[[Palkia]] || <ref>[http://www.pokemon-movie.jp/trailer/index.html Giratina and the Bouquet of the Sky: Shaymin]</ref>
|}


==Pokémon specials==
The Republic's first ''[[Reichspräsident]]'' ("Reich President"), [[Friedrich Ebert]] of the SPD, signed the new German constitution into law on [[August 11]], [[1919]].
Once in a while there would be other animated material that does not fit in with the main series or the movies.
<dt>''The Birth of Mewtwo/The Origin of Mewtwo''</dt>
<dd>An animated adaptation of the "Birth of Mewtwo" radio drama, which was later attached to the beginning of the first movie for the Japanese video release. A small 3 minute heavily edited version was released on the US version DVDs, while the full uncut version was made available on the Mewtwo Returns DVD</dd>
<dt>''Slowking's Day''</dt>
<dd>A short featuring [[Slowking]]. It was never released outside of Japan, most likely due to it only being a few minutes long.</dd>
<dt>''[[Pokémon: Mewtwo Returns]]''</dt>
<dd>A made for television special that followed up on [[Mewtwo]] after the events of the first movie.</dd>
<dt>''Raikou: Legend of Thunder''</dt>
<dd>A made for television special that showcased the legendary [[Raikou (Pokémon)|Raikou]], as well as brand new trainers. It became the first three episodes of [[Pokémon Chronicles]]. This was based on the release of [[Pokémon Crystal]] and is called as such in the Japanese title.</dd>
<dt>''Pikachu's Winter Vacation''</dt>
<dd>A series of winter theme Pikachu-centered shorts that went directly to video. The first two were part of the ''Pokémon Chronicles'' series. This was the only Pokémon DVD not released by Viz Video but rather 4Kids' normal way of releasing DVDs, being released by 4Kids and FUNimation. </dd>
<dt>''Pikachu's Summer Festival''</dt>
<dd>A short that premiered on ANA flights.</dd>
<dt>''Pikachu's Ghost Carnival''</dt>
<dd>The second short premiered on ANA flights.</dd>
<dt>''Pikachu's Mischievous Island (a/k/a "Pikachu's Island Adventure")''</dt>
<dd>The third short premiered on ANA flights, and was released in the ''Pokémon Ranger and the Temple of the Sea'' DVD in the USA.</dd>
<dt>''Pokémon 3D Adventure: Find Mew!''</dt>
<dd>A Pokémon 3D short that was shown as the PokéPark in Japan in 2005.</dd>
<dt>''Pokémon 3D Adventure: Pikachu's Big Undersea Adventure''</dt>
<dd>The second Pokémon 3D short, shown when PokéPark was in Taiwan in 2006.</dd>
<dt>''[[The Mastermind of Mirage Pokémon]]''</dt>
<dd>An hour-long TV special commemorating the tenth-anniversary of Pokémon in the United States. It features a variety of Pokémon as artificial and stronger "mirages", including a supposedly "most powerful" Pokémon creation. Pokémon shown to be mirages were [[Mew (Pokémon)|Mew]], [[Kabutops]], [[Omastar]], [[Armaldo]], [[Aggron]], [[Aerodactyl]], [[Houndoom]], [[Absol]], [[Mightyena]], [[Machoke]], [[Machamp]], [[Ursaring]], [[Magnemite]], [[Entei (Pokémon)|Entei]], [[Articuno]], [[Zapdos]], and [[Mewtwo]].
<dt>''Pokémon Mystery Dungeon: Team Go-Getters Out Of The Gate!''</dt>
<dd>A special anime based on the new video games which was shown on [[Cartoon Network]] in the USA September 8, 2006. The main characters in this special are a boy who was turned into a [[Squirtle]], who formed a team with a naturally born [[Charmander]] and [[Chikorita]].</dd>
<dt>''Pokémon Mystery Dungeon: Time and Darkness Exposition''</dt>
<dd>A sequel to the anime special based on the new video games prior to the Japanese release. The English version was shown on Action Stations! in the UK on July 18, 2008. The USA airing was on September 1, 2008 ([[Labor Day]] in the U.S.) on Cartoon Network.


==Characters==
=== Internal conflict (1919&ndash;1923) ===
{{main|List of Pokémon anime characters}}
[[Image:Freikorp Ritter von Epp Munich, May1919.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Members of the Epp [[Freikorps|Freikorp]] of [[Franz Ritter von Epp]] which participated in the battles against Communists in Munich and other parts of Bavaria.]]
[[English language|English]] names are given before the Japanese names in Western order (given name before surname), when possible. All Japanese names, unless otherwise noted, are romanized from [[katakana]]. For the sake of simplicity, English language names will be used in this and other articles in Wikipedia about Pokémon, unless explicitly referring to the Japanese version.
[[Image:WiemarRepublic September 01 1923 50MillionMark.jpg|200px|thumb|right|1923-issue 50 million mark banknote. Worth approximately $1 US when printed, this sum would have been worth approximately $12 million, nine years earlier. The note was practically worthless a few weeks later due to continued inflation.]]
[[Image:Inflation-1923.jpg|200px|thumb|right|[[1920s German inflation|Inflation 1923–24]]: a woman feeds her tiled stove with money. At the time, burning money was less expensive than buying firewood.]]


===Current Main characters===
The Republic was under great pressure from both left and right-wing extremists. The radical left accused the ruling Social Democrats of having betrayed the ideals of the workers' movement by preventing a communist revolution. Right-wing extremists were opposed to any democratic system, preferring an authoritarian state like the 1871 Empire. To further undermine the Republic's credibility the extremists of the right (especially certain members of the former officer corps) also blamed an alleged conspiracy of Socialists and Jews for Germany's defeat in World War I (see ''[[Dolchstoßlegende]]'').
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Name
! Description
|-
| '''[[Ash Ketchum]]''' (''Satoshi'')
| He is one of the main characters in the series. Ash dreams of being the greatest Pokémon Master in the world. His surname is a pun on catch'em. Ash's current pokemon that are with him are Pikachu, Staravia, Turtwig, Chimchar, Buizel, and Gliscor.
|-
| '''[[Pikachu]]'''
| Ash's very first Pokémon and best friend. It has always stuck by Ash through thick and thin.
|-
| '''[[Dawn (Pokémon)|Dawn]]''' (''Hikari'')
| New heroine when Ash comes to Sinnoh, she dreams of being a great coordinator like her mother. She was the first girl that was with Ash temporarily to bond with her starter pokemon before she caught it. Dawn has a habit of saying "no need to worry" ("daijōbu" in the Japanese version) constantly, which has the reverse effect on her mother. She is based on the [[playable character]] in [[Pokémon Diamond and Pearl]]. She currently has a Piplup, Buneary, Pachirisu, and Ambipom. She recently caught a Swinub in Episode 84. Before she caught the Swinub we found out it enjoyed eating Dawn's poffins.
|-
| '''[[Brock (Pokémon)|Brock]]''' (''Takeshi'')
| Former Pewter Gym leader, he dreams of being the world's best Pokémon breeder, and is Ash's longest lasting human traveling partner, having only been absent from most of Season 2. He also falls in love with most women he sees, mostly Nurse Joy and Officer Jenny, and in the ''Diamond and Pearl'' generation, his [[Croagunk]] would occasionally snap him out of it using Poison Jab and drag him away like Misty and Max did. He also currently owns a Sudowoodo, Croagunk and Happiny.
|}


===Former Main characters===
For the next five years Germany's large cities suffered [[political violence]] between left-wing and right-wing groups, both of which committed violence and murder against innocent civilians and against each other, resulting in many deaths. The worst of the violence was between right-wing paramilitaries called the [[Freikorps]] and pro-Communist militias called the [[Red Guards]], both of which admitted ex-soldiers into their ranks.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Name
! Description
|-
| '''[[Misty (Pokémon)|Misty]]''' (''Kasumi'')
| Ash's first traveling friend, who journeyed with him throughout the first five seasons. Misty loves water Pokémon and is currently the Cerulean City gym leader. She was the first female protagonist on the show. Her dream is to be the world's greatest "Water Pokémon Master." During the first episode, Ash borrowed Misty's bicycle, which was subsequently damaged by one of Pikachu's powerful electric attacks. Misty followed Ash on his journey, frequently commenting that her reason for doing so was that she wanted her bike back. After the first season ends, it appears that she forgets about her bike and becomes a genuine friend and traveling companion to Ash. Through the course of the first two series and the second movie, it becomes clear after several hints that she has a crush on Ash. In a later season, she rejoins Ash temporarily in the Hoenn region for a Togepi Festival where her Togepi evolves into Togetic. She then leaves Togetic to help protect the other Togepi. She waits for Ash at his house after the Hoenn League and travels with his group to Mount Moon, where she returns to the Cerulean Gym.
|-
| '''[[Tracey Sketchit]]''' (''Kenji'')
| One of Ash's traveling friends throughout the Orange Islands, Tracey is a Pokémon watcher, and is currently Professor Oak's assistant. His surname is a pun on sketch it.
|-
| '''[[May (Pokémon)|May]]''' (''Haruka'')
| A traveling friend of Ash and older sister of Max. Also, she is now Dawn's new rival. May started her journey hoping to participate in gym battles with Ash but soon found she liked Pokémon Contests better. She left after Battle Frontier to compete in contests in Johto with her three rivals: Drew, Soledad, and Harley, although she meets Ash and Brock again in Sinnoh sometime later and rejoins the team temporarily.
|-
| '''[[Max (Pokémon)|Max]]''' (''Masato'')
| May's little brother, Max is an intelligent little boy, and is now back with his parents in Petalburg City, where he will soon begin his own journey.
|}


===Villains===
The first challenge to the Weimar Republic came when a group of communists and anarchists took over the Bavarian government in Munich and declared the creation of the [[Bavarian Soviet Republic]]. The communist rebel state was quickly put down one month later when Freikorps units were brought in to battle the leftist rebels.
==== Team Rocket ====


'''[[Team Rocket (anime)|Team Rocket]]''' (''Roketto-Dan'') is an evil organization led by Giovanni. They have operations in Kanto and Johto. However, they have not set up permanent operations in [[Hoenn]] and [[Sinnoh]], meaning Jessie, James and Meowth are the only operatives there.
The [[Kapp Putsch]] took place on [[March 13]], [[1920]], involving a group of 5000 ''[[Freikorps]]'' troops who gained control of [[Berlin]] and installed [[Wolfgang Kapp]] (a right-wing journalist) as chancellor. The national government fled to [[Stuttgart]] and called for a [[general strike]]. While Kapp's vacillating nature did not help matters, the strike crippled Germany's ravaged economy and the Kapp government collapsed after only four days on [[March 17]].


{| class="wikitable"
Inspired by the general strikes, a communist uprising began in the [[Ruhr area|Ruhr region]] when 50,000 people formed a "Red Army" and took control of the province. The regular army and the ''[[Freikorps]]'' ended the uprising on their own authority. Other communist rebellions were put down in March 1921 in [[Saxony]] and [[Hamburg]].
|-
! Name
! Description
|-
| '''[[Giovanni (Pokémon)|Giovanni]]''' (''Sakaki'')
| The evil mastermind behind Team Rocket, is never without his [[Persian (Pokémon)|Persian]] by his side, though it never seems to fight. Was also the 8th Gym Leader of Kanto, as the Gym Leader of the Viridian City Gym.
|-
| '''[[Team Rocket (anime)|Jessie and James]]''' (''Musashi and Kojiro'')
| A duo of Team Rocket, they try to capture Pikachu but always lose. They and Meowth have appeared in every episode except the first one. Team Rocket also starts saying a new motto in the ''Diamond & Pearl'' series of the anime; the English translation changed along with the Japanese version. Their characters have changed significantly since the beginning of the series, as they are more of a [[comic relief]] now instead of the prominent villains they were in the beginning of the series. These characters were created for the show and did not appear in the original games (though they were inserted into the Yellow version, which incorporated a few elements from the show).
|-
| '''[[Team Rocket (anime)|Meowth]]''' (''Nyāsu'')
| The main Pokémon of Jessie and James. He has the ability to talk and walk like humans and thinks for himself, rather than following orders like other Pokémon. He used to be Giovanni's favorite, but his constant failure caused him to be replaced by the Persian.
|-
| '''[[Team Rocket (anime)#Cassidy|Cassidy]] and [[Team Rocket (anime)#Butch|Butch]]''' (''Yamato and Kosaburō'')
| Jessie & James' rivals in Team Rocket, Cassidy and Butch are much more cunning when it comes to stealing Pokémon. As a running gag, Butch's name is often mispronounced, causing him to correct the mistake angrily.
|-
| '''Professor Namba'''
| One of Team Rocket's scientists, Cassidy and Butch usually do work for, and report to, him. A running gag with Namba is that his name, like Butch's, is often misremembered or mispronounced, and he shows up on screen to make the correction angrily, even when not present at the story location.
|}


==== Team Magma ====
In 1922, Germany signed a treaty - the Treaty of Rapallo - with [[Russia]], and [[disarmament]] was brought to a halt. Under the [[Treaty of Versailles]] Germany could only have 100,000 soldiers and no conscription, Naval forces reduced to 15,000 men, 12 destroyers, 6 battleships, and 6 cruisers, no submarines or aircraft. The Treaty with Russia worked in secret, as the treaty allowed Germany to train military personnel, and Russia gained the benefits of German military technology. This was against the Treaty of Versailles, but Russia had pulled out of [[World War I]] against the Germans due to the 1917 Russian Revolution and was looked down on by the [[League of Nations]]. Germany seized the chance to make an ally.
'''[[Pokémon crime syndicates#Team Magma|Team Magma]]''' (''Maguma-Dan'') is an evil organization recurring within the Pokémon: Advance generation series, led by the evil Maxie. Seemingly the goal of Team Magma is to release the beast of the earth, [[Groudon]] onto the world, creating new lands and eliminating water as it did millions of years ago. The Pokémon they used were fire-type, usually [[Houndoom]] and [[Mightyena]], even some [[Golbat]]. The goals and ambitions are the same as their counteracting rivals Team Aqua, however the two teams despise each other. The two teams have been reported to be no more.


{| class="wikitable"
By 1923, the Republic claimed it could no longer afford the reparations payments required by the Versailles treaty, and the government defaulted on some payments. In response, [[France|French]] and [[Belgium|Belgian]] troops [[Occupation of the Ruhr|occupied the Ruhr region]], Germany's most productive industrial region at the time, taking control of most mining and manufacturing companies in January 1923. Strikes were called, and passive resistance was encouraged. These strikes lasted eight months, further damaging the economy and increasing the expense of imports. The strike meant no goods were being produced. This infuriated the French, who began to kill and exile protestors in the region.
|-
! Name
! Description
|-
|'''Maxie''' (''Matsuba'')
| Maxie was the head of Team Magma.
|-
|'''Tabitha''' (''Homura'')
|Maxie's second-in-command. Like many members of Team Magma, he has a [[Mightyena]] at his side. Was known as Harlan in his first English appearance due to a dub error.
|-
|'''Brody''' (''Bannai'')
|Brody is another member. He is a master of disguise (along with his personal [[Ditto (Pokémon)|Ditto]]) and is known as "a man with a thousand faces". When Team Magma disbanded, Brody began to operate independently as "The Phantom Thief".
|-
|}


==== Team Aqua ====
Since striking workers were paid benefits by the state, much additional currency was printed, fueling a period of [[hyperinflation]]. The [[1920s German inflation]] started when Germany had no goods with which to trade. The government printed money to deal with the crisis; this allowed Germany to pay war loans and reparations with worthless marks and helped formerly great industrialists to pay back their own loans. This also led to pay raises for workers and for businessmen who wanted to profit from it. Circulation of money rocketed, and soon the Germans discovered their money was worthless. The value of the [[German papiermark|Papiermark]] had declined from 4.2 per US dollar at the outbreak of World War I to 1 million per dollar by August 1923. This gave the Republic's opponents something else to criticise it for. On [[15 November]] [[1923]], a new currency, the [[German rentenmark|Rentenmark]], was introduced at the rate of 1 [[1000000000000 (number)|trillion]] (1,000,000,000,000) Papiermark for 1 Rentenmark. At that time, 1 U.S. dollar was equal to 4.2 Rentenmark. Reparation payments resumed, and the Ruhr was returned to Germany under the Locarno Pact, which defined a border between Germany, France and Belgium.
'''[[Pokémon crime syndicates#Team Aqua|Team Aqua]]''' (''Akua-Dan'') is an evil organization recurring within the Pokémon: Advance generation series, led by the evil Archie. Seemingly the goal of Team Aqua is to release the beast of the sea, [[Kyogre]] onto the world, flooding it with ocean as it did millions of years ago. The Pokémon they used were water-type, usually [[Crawdaunt]] and [[Walrein]]. The goals and ambitions are the same as their counteracting rivals Team Magma, however the two teams despise each other. The two teams have been reported to be no more.


{| class="wikitable"
Further pressure from the right came in 1923 with the [[Beer Hall Putsch]], also called the Munich Putsch, staged by [[Adolf Hitler]] in [[Munich]]. In 1920, the [[German Workers' Party]] had become the National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSDAP), nicknamed the [[Nazi Party]], and would become a driving force in the collapse of Weimar. Hitler was named chairman of the party in July 1921. On [[November 8]], [[1923]], the ''[[Kampfbund]]'', in a pact with [[Erich Ludendorff]], took over a meeting by Bavarian prime minister [[Gustav Ritter von Kahr|Gustav von Kahr]] at a beer hall in Munich. Ludendorff and Hitler declared a new government, planning to take control of Munich the following day. The 3,000 rebels were thwarted by 100 policemen. Hitler was arrested and sentenced to five years in prison, a minimum sentence for the charge and he served less than eight months before his release and even then in a comfortable cell. Following the failure of the Beer Hall Putsch, his imprisonment and subsequent release, Hitler focused on legal methods of gaining power.
|-
! Name
! Description
|-
|'''Archie''' (''Aogiri'')
|Archie was the head of Team Aqua.
|-
|'''Shelly''' (''Izumi'')
|Archie's second-in-command. She had a [[Carvanha]] by her side at one time. Was known as Isabel in her first English appearance, due to a dub error.
|-
|}


==== Team Galactic ====
=== Stresemann's golden era (1923&ndash;1929) ===
'''[[Pokémon crime syndicates#Team Galactic|Team Galactic]]''' (''Ginga-Dan'') is an evil organization recurring within the Diamond & Pearl series; their plot is to rule the galaxy and capture the legendary Pokémon in Sinnoh.
[[Gustav Stresemann]] was ''[[Chancellor of Germany|Reichskanzler]]'' for 100 days in 1923, and served as foreign minister from 1923-1929, a period of relative stability for the Weimar Republic when there were fewer uprisings and the beginnings of economic recovery.


{| class="wikitable"
As chancellor, Stresemann had to restore law and order in certain towns in Germany such as Spandau and Krustin, where the '[[Black Reichswehr]]' (a section of the [[freikorps]]) held a mutiny. Saxony and Thuringia allowed KPD members into their governments, and a new nationalist leader in Bavaria called for Bavarian independence and told his army to disobey orders from Berlin. Streseman persuaded Ebert to issue Article 48 to resolve the situation and brought the freikorps to settle the situation. However the use of violence against political activities led the SPD (Social Democratic Party) to remove themselves from his coalition which finally led to the ending of his chancellorship.
|-
! Name
! Description
|-
|-
| '''Saturn'''
|A male Commander for Team Galactic, he makes a cameo appearance in the episode "A Secret Sphere of Influence", along with two Galactic grunts. He, along with the two grunts, commented that Jessie and James did a lousy job at stealing the Adamant Orb for them. In one episode, he had a [[Bronzor]] and [[Toxicroak]] by his side, using it to search through old ruins with the same two grunts and battling.
|-
| '''Boss Cyrus'''
|The boss of Team Galactic. Although he was never shown in the anime or the name "Boss Cyrus" or "Cyrus" used, Saturn said "Boss; meaning "Boss Cyrus", people with the games [[Pokemon Diamond]] or [[Pokemon Pearl]] would easily know that "boss" meant "Boss Cyrus".
|} '''Mars'''
A female commander for team Galactic,she makes a appearance in DP096, along with a few Galactic
Grunts,joining Saturn and Jupitar on the steal of the orbs.
She got a [[Bronzor]] and [[Purugly]] on her side, using it for battling
in the Celestic Town Museum.
Another female commander, Jupitar appears in the same episode as Mars but she has a Stunktank on her team


====Other====
Stresemann's first move as foreign minister was to issue a new currency, the ''[[German rentenmark|Rentenmark]],'' to halt the extreme [[hyperinflation]] crippling German society and the economy. It was successful because Stresemann refused to issue more currency, the cause of the inflationary spiral. In addition the currency was based on land, and restored confidence into the economy. With this achieved, a permanent currency - the Reichsmark - was introduced in 1926. [[Hans Luther]] was also appointed as Finance minister who helped balance the budget by dismissing 700 000 public employees.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Name
! Description
|-
|'''Hunter J'''
|An evil Pokémon hunter who captures and sells Pokémon for money. She uses a [[Drapion]], an [[Ariados]], and a [[Salamence]]. In one episode, she and the other Pokémon hunters try to steal four ancient [[Shieldon]], but fails because of Ash, his old rival Gary Oak, and his other friends' safety.
|}


===Recurring characters===
In 1924 the [[Dawes Plan]] was created, an agreement between American banks and the German government, in which the American banks lend money to Germany, to help them pay reparations. Other foreign achievements were the evacuation of the Ruhr in 1925, and the 1925 Treaty of Berlin. This reinforced the Treaty of Rapollo in 1922, and improved relations between the USSR and Germany. Also in this year, Germany was admitted to the League Of Nations, which gave her a good international stance and the ability to veto legislation after Stresemann's insistence on entering as a permanent member. They also made agreements over its western border, though nothing was fixed on the Eastern borders. However, this progress was funded by overseas loans, increasing the nation's debts, while overall trade decreased and unemployment rose. Stresemann's reforms did not relieve the underlying weaknesses of Weimar but gave the appearance of a stable democracy.
{{Cleanup-list|date=January 2008}}
{{main|List of Pokémon anime characters}}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Name
! Description
|-
|'''[[Professor Oak|Professor Samuel Oak]]''' (''Yukinari Okido-hakase'')
|A Pokémon researcher. He is often considered the leading Pokémon expert, often giving lectures to Pokémon academies and hosting a radio show in [[List of Johto locations#Goldenrod City|Goldenrod City]]. It is also stated that he reads Pokémon poetry on his TV show. Alongside his research, he is also authorized by the [[Pokémon League]] to give new trainers one of the three [[Kanto (Pokémon)|Kanto]] starter Pokémon: [[Bulbasaur]], [[Charmander]], and [[Squirtle]]. It was a special condition in which [[Ash Ketchum|Ash]] obtained Pikachu from Professor Oak. He also was Celebi's rescuer, and became a friend of Ash, in Pokémon: 4 Ever, after being pulled from the past with Celebi (Oak was a kid at the time, and Ash never found out that it was him).
|-
|'''[[Professor Felina Ivy]]''' (''Dr. Uchikido'')
|A Pokémon researcher. Professor Ivy is first heard of in the second season of the Pokémon anime. Just after Ash Ketchum has competed in the Pokémon League, Professor Oak asks him to travel to the Orange Archipelago region and retrieve a strange Pokéball from local Pokémon expert Professor Ivy. Ash and his friends Misty and Brock make their way to Valencia Island and meet the Professor and her triplet assistants.
|-
|'''[[Professor Elm]]''' (''Utsugi-hakase'')
|A Pokémon researcher and was one of Professor Oak's students. He is authorized by the Pokémon League to give new trainers one of the three [[Johto]] starter Pokémon: [[Chikorita]], [[Cyndaquil]], and [[Totodile]]. Professor Elm often gets so caught up in his work he forgets to do many things. He also tends to run his mouth off when talking about his work.
|-
|'''[[Professor Birch]]''' (''Odamaki-hakase'')
|A Pokémon researcher, known for his field work. He is authorized by the Pokémon League to give new trainers one of the three [[Hoenn]] starter Pokémon: [[Treecko]], [[Torchic]], and [[Mudkip]].
|-
|'''[[Professor Rowan]]''' (''Nanakamado-hakase'')
|A Pokémon researcher. He worked along with Prof. Oak teaching Prof. Elm, and often has to remind Oak to stop making poetry. He is authorized by the Pokémon League to give new trainers one of the three [[Sinnoh]] starter Pokémon: [[Turtwig]], [[Chimchar]], and [[Piplup]].
|-
|'''[[Paul (Pokémon)|Paul]]''' (''Shinji'')
|Ash's new rival in ''Diamond & Pearl''. He is a considerably strong trainer who has traveled through Kanto, Johto, and Hoenn and is quite arrogant and unfriendly. He respects only trainers he considers stronger than himself and has little tolerance for capturing and raising Pokémon he deems weak.He is selfish and insensitive though he is not classified evil.Just a nasty trainer so he might be described as an anti-hero.
|-
|'''[[Officer Jenny]]''' (''Junsā''):
|A family of police officers (all of whom are named Jenny) Like the various Nurse Joys, it is difficult to tell one Officer Jenny from another. Also like the Joys, Brock has no difficulty telling them apart. By freeze-framing scenes in the anime with the various Officer Jennys, one will notice that each Jenny in a different town/city has a different gold badge on her hat. Exceptions to this occur in areas with very warm or cold climates, such as the [[Orange Islands]]. The Japanese name, ''junsā'', means "police officer". Most Officer Jenny's own a [[Growlithe]]. Though they've been seen with other Pokémon such as [[Wobbuffet]] or [[Spinarak]].
|-
|'''[[Nurse Joy]]''' (''Jōi'')
|A family of Pokémon nurses (all of which are named Joy, like Jenny.) Because of their identical appearance, it is often difficult to tell one Nurse Joy from another, (with the exception of one tanned, muscular Joy in the [[Orange Islands]]) except those that live in areas that require unique outfits, such as very warm or cold climates. Brock, however, has no difficulty telling them apart. This is most likely a homage to the games which used the same nurse sprite for each Pokémon Center the player visited. In [[Pokémon Red]] and [[Pokémon Blue|Blue]], the nurse sprite is a generic long-haired woman, but later games after that feature a sprite that looks very similar to Nurse Joy. There is one Joy who is not only a nurse, but also an agent of the Pokémon Inspection Agency (responsible for certifying [[Pokémon Gym|Gyms]]); she appears in an episode of ''[[Pokémon Chronicles]]'' and in Episode 042: Showdown! Pokémon Gym!. Also there is a Joy who is a doctor who wears glasses. They also act as Judges at Pokémon Contests and at the Grand Festival. The Japanese name, ''jōi'', is from ''joi'' which means "female doctor". Nurse Joy are usually the owners of [[Chansey]] and [[Blissey]].
|-
|'''[[Gary Oak]]''' (''Shigeru'')
|Longtime rival with one of the series main heroes, Ash Ketchum. Stubborn, brash, and certainly anything but humble, Gary's goal and ambition was to be number one at whatever he set his goal on. However, due to his brash and arrogant attitude, Gary Oak would often be met with failure in such big tournaments such as the Indigo Pokémon League, and The Johto Silver Conference. After losing to said rival Ash Ketchum, Gary Oak decided to pursue an active career in the footsteps of his grandfather, a Pokémon Professor. In [[Pokémon Chronicles]], Gary revived an [[Aerodactyl]]. Later, in the last episode of Pokémon Battle Frontier, he challenged Ash to a battle with his new Pokémon.
|-
|'''[[Drew (Pokémon)|Drew]]''' (''{{Nihongo|Shuu|シュウ|Shū}}'')
|One of May's rivals. He initially belittles May, though compliments her Pokémon, and comes across as arrogant and confidant. Drew is a skilled coordinator, notably possessing a Roserade and a Masquerain as his contest Pokémon. He eventually comes to respect May as a worthy rival and eventually invites to her join him and travel to the contests in the Johto region.
|-
|'''Harley'''
|Another of May's rivals, who dresses to resemble a Cacturne. Unlike Drew, Harley is quick to take offence and is exceedingly arrogant (a flaw that ends up causing him to slip up when he is ahead thus the cause of his undoing); he is also seen as somewhat creepy by a combination of his stuck up attitude and weird mannerisms. However, instead of openly voicing his offence, he resorts to cruel trickery and underhanded tactics in order to sabotage May as revenge for what he sees as insults on her part under a guise of friendliness and kindness. While May usually falls for his plots because of her forgiving nature each time he tells her he has reformed, her luck and determination to beat him allow her to pull through. Harley is also very quick to hold a grudge as his rivalry with May was apparently caused by May's sarcastic compliments towards his cookies.
|-
|'''Delia Ketchum''' (''Hanako'')
|Mother to one of the heroes of said series. Delia Ketchum seems to more often than not play an active role in teaming with Professor Oak to make sure that problems are resolved. Delia is a kind gentle woman, however she often scolds Ash for his reckless behavior when he often puts himself in dangerous situations. Delia herself has a Pokémon/house keeper in the form of [[Mr. Mime]]. One of the running gags of the series (in the early episodes of the English dub only) involves Delia reminding Ash to change his undergarments every time they speak.
|-
|'''Johanna''' (''Ayako'')
|Dawn's mother, who was once a top coordinator but then decided to start a family. She is also based on the protagonist's mother in [[Pokémon Diamond and Pearl (video games)|''Pokémon Diamond'' and ''Pearl'']], who actually appears in the game's Pokémon Contests opposing the player's Pokémon. She owns a [[Glameow]].
|-
|'''[[Zoey (Pokémon)|Zoey]] (''Nozomi'')
|One of Dawn's rivals. She is a skilled coordinator and is friendly towards Dawn and her friends. She shows dislike to people who take part in both Contests and Gym Battles and has shown her annoyance to both Ash and Nando. One of her Pokémon is a Glameow.
|-
|'''['''Kenny''' (Pokémon)|Kenny (''Kengo'')
|Another of Dawn's rivals. He is an old childhood friend who left home on his journey soon before Dawn. Like Dawn, he chose Piplup as his starter, and has evolved it into Prinplup.
|-
|'''[[Nando (Pokémon)|Nando]] (''Naoshi'')
|One of Dawn's rivals. Nando chooses to take part in both Contests and Gym Battles. He is a bard and is usually found carrying a harp with a [[Mew (Pokémon)|Mew]] on.
|-
|'''[[Richie (Pokémon)|Richie]]''' (''Hiroshi'')
|After meeting in the Indigo Pokémon League tournament Ash and Richie soon became friends. With similarities glaringly obvious to Ash in appearance, Richie's humble attitude and responsible demeanor set him aside from Ash. After a close, but heated match between the two at Indigo Stadium, Ash and Richie vowed to both become Pokémon Masters. The two cross paths again, and a couple of shows even focus on Richie himself as he too journeys to keep his promise to Ash of becoming a Pokémon Master.
|-
|'''[[Todd (Pokémon)|Todd/Snap]]''' (''Tōru'')
|Todd is a young photographer who once tried to take a picture of Pikachu, but failed due to the others mistaking his camera's extension for a gun. He then joins the group for three episodes, and rejoins them for the [[Articuno]] miniseries for Johto League Champions. He is most likely based on the character from the game Pokémon Snap, whose main character shares the same name.
|-
|'''[[Jigglypuff]]''' (''Purin'')
|A pink balloon-like Pokémon who loves to sing its lullaby. Ash and friends meet this Pokémon on the 1st season episode "The Song of Jigglypuff". They helped Jigglypuff bring back its confidence and ability to sing, but when that happened, whenever this Pokémon sang its lullaby everyone would fall asleep, which makes this Pokémon very mad. Jigglypuff took the microphone pen in Ash's bag, and used it on Pokémon and people who fell asleep while she's singing, as she drew funny scribbles on their faces. This Pokémon decided to have its own journey to find someone who will not fall asleep from her lullaby. This Pokémon had appeared in some episodes from Season 2-9, but hasn't yet been seen in Pokémon Diamond and Pearl. The only Pokémon who doesn't fall asleep from her song is Whismur and its evolutions, because of its Soundproof ability. Jigglypuff's movie appearances were quite short, it's seen on Pikachu's Vacation with Chansey riding in a balloon. In the 4th and 5th Pokémon movie openings, which were narrated by Brock, she's singing alongside a Porygon and Voltorb; it was her because she's the only Jigglypuff carrying Ash's microphone pen. She has not been seen since the episode "A PokeBlock Party" in Advanced.
|-
|}


==Voice cast==
The 1920s saw a massive cultural revival in Germany. It was, arguably, the most innovative period of cultural change in Germany.


</small>
Innovative street theatre brought plays to the public, the cabaret scene and promiscuity became very popular. Women were americanised, wearing makeup, short hair, smoking and broke out of tradition. Music was created with a practical purpose, such as Schoenberg's 'atonality' and there was a new type of architecture taught at 'Bauhaus' schools. Art reflected the new ideas of the time with artists such as Grosz being fined for defaming the military and blasphemy.
{{col-begin}}
{{col-3}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
!Character
!Voice Actor (Japanese)
!Voice Actor (English)
|-
|[[Ash Ketchum]]/Satoshi
|[[Rica Matsumoto]]
|[[Veronica Taylor]] (Seasons 1-8)<br /> [[Sarah Natochenny]] (Present)
|-
|[[Misty (Pokémon)|Misty]]/Kasumi
|[[Mayumi Iizuka]]
|[[Rachael Lillis]] (Seasons 1-5)<br /> [[Michele Knotz]] (Season 9 guest appearance)
|-
|[[Brock (Pokémon)|Brock]]/Takeshi
|[[Yūji Ueda]]
|[[Eric Stuart]] (Episode 5 - Season 8)<br /> [[Bill Rogers (voice actor)|Bill Rogers]] (Present)
|-
|[[Tracey Sketchit]]/Kenji
|[[Tomokazu Seki]]
|[[Ted Lewis (voice actor)|Ted Lewis]] (Episode 84 - Season 8)<br /> Craig Blair (Present)
|-
|[[May (Pokémon)|May]]/Haruka
|[[KAORI]] (Midori Kawana)
|Veronica Taylor (Seasons 6-8)<br /> Michele Knotz (Season 9 only, Season 11 guest appearance)
|-
|[[Max (Pokémon)|Max]]/Masato
|[[Fushigi Yamada]]
|[[Amy Birnbaum]] (Seasons 6-8)<br /> [[Kayzie Rogers]] (a/k/a Jamie Peacock; Season 9 only)
|-
|[[Dawn (Pokémon)|Dawn]]/Hikari
|[[Megumi Toyoguchi]]
|[[Emily Bauer]] (a/k/a Emily Jenness)
|-
|[[Pikachu]]
|[[Ikue Ōtani]]
|Ikue Ōtani<br />Rachael Lillis (Episodes 1, 9, 14, and 52)
|-
|[[Togepi]]
|[[Satomi Kōrogi]]
|Satomi Kōrogi
|-
|[[Professor Oak]]/Yukinari Okido-hakase
|[[Unshō Ishizuka]]
|[[Stuart Zagnit]] (a/k/a Stan Hart; Seasons 1-8)<br /> [[Jimmy Zoppi]] (a/k/a Billy Beach; Present)
|-
|Delia Ketchum/Hanako
|Masami Toyoshima
|Veronica Taylor (Seasons 1-8) <br /> Sarah Natochenny (Present)
|-
|Nurse Joy/Joi
|[[Ayako Shiraishi]]<br />[[Yuriko Yamaguchi]]<br />[[Kikuko Inoue]]
|[[Megan Hollingshead]] (Seasons 1-6)<br />[[Bella Hudson]] (Seasons 7-8)<br /> Michele Knotz (Present)
|-
|Johanna/Ayako
|[[Makoto Tsumura]]
|Sarah Natochenny
|-
|Officer Jenny/Junsa
|[[Chinami Nishimura]]
|Megan Hollingshead (Seasons 1-6)<br />[[Jamie Davyous Owens]] (Seasons 7-8)<ref>[http://www.jamiedavyous.com/home.html Welcome to JamieDavyous.com<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><br />Diane Stillwell and Kayzie Rogers (The Mastermind of Mirage Pokémon)<br />Maya Rosewood (AG155)<br />[[Elisabeth Morinelli]] (a/k/a Emily Williams) (AG189+) <ref>When TAJ took over the dub, Diane Stillwell and Kayzie Rogers played Officer Jenny in The Mastermind of Mirage Pokémon, was next voiced by Maya Rosewood, however, she did not seem to want this role and it was given to Emily Williams, starting from the episode Gathering the Gang of Four.</ref>
|-
|[[Gary Oak]]/Shigeru
|[[Yuko Kobayashi]]
|Jimmy Zoppi
|-
|[[Paul (Pokémon)|Paul]]/Shinij||[[Kiyotaka Furushima]]||[[Julián Rebolledo]]
|-
|[[Zoey (Pokémon)|Zoey]]/Nozomi|| [[Risa Hayamizu]]||Elisabeth Morinelli
|-
|[[Team Rocket (anime)#Jessie|Jessie]]/Musashi||[[Megumi Hayashibara]]<br />[[Akiko Hiramatsu]] (平松 晶子) (AG 85-92) &nbsp; &nbsp;||Rachael Lillis (Episode 2 - Season 8)<br /> Michele Knotz (Present)
|-
|[[Team Rocket (anime)#James|James]]/Kojirō||[[Shinichirō Miki]]||Ted Lewis (Episodes 2 - 12)<br />Eric Stuart (Episode 13 - Season 8) <br /> Jimmy Zoppi (a/k/a Billy Beach; Present)
|-
|[[Meowth]]/Nyarth||[[Inuko Inuyama]]|| [[Nathan Price]] <ref>[http://www.crystalacids.com/database/person/3499/nathan-price/ CrystalAcids.com - Nathan Price<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> <!--NOTE: Nathan Price and Matt Sussman are the same person. He is to be listed as Nathan Price, because that was the name he was credited under.--> (Episodes 2 - 31)<br /> [[Maddie Blaustein]] (Episode 32 - Season 8) <br /> Jimmy Zoppi (a/k/a Billy Beach; Present)
|-
|Narrator||[[Unshō Ishizuka]]||[[Rodger Parsons]] (a/k/a Ken Gates from Season 1 to AG20; Present)<br /> [[Mike Pollock]] (AG21 - Season 8)
|-
|[[Wobbuffet]]/Soonansu||[[Yūji Ueda]]||Kayzie Rogers
|}


==Censorship==
There was a lot of opposition to this Weimar culture shock, especially from conservatives. For instance, in 1930 Wilhelm Frick banned jazz performances and removed modern art from museums, as well as a new law being introduced to prevent teenagers from buying pulp fiction or pornography. Many who oppose "nanny laws" (e.g., smoking bans, seatbelt laws, trans-fat bans) often point to these destructions of personal liberty and freedom of choice.
{{main|Pokémon episodes removed from rotation}}
Pokémon has had several anime episodes removed from the rotation in Japan, the [[Western World]], or the entire world. However, on September 1, 2006, [[People's Republic of China|China]] has permanently banned the series to protect China's struggling animation studios <ref>[http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/08/13/AR2006081300242.html China Bans 'Simpsons' From Prime-Time TV<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>.


The most infamous of these episodes was "Dennou Senshi Porigon" (translates into "[[Dennō Senshi Porygon|Electric Soldier Porygon]]"). The episode made headlines worldwide when it caused 685 children to experience seizures and seizure-like symptoms caused by a repetitive flash of light. Although the offending sequence was caused by [[Pikachu]]'s actions, the episode's featured Pokémon, Porygon, has never been seen again in the anime except for one brief cameo appearance in the movie, [[Pokémon Heroes]]. Porygon2 and PorygonZ have never been seen.
Despite the progress during these years, Stresemann was criticized by opponents for his policy of "fulfilment", or compliance with the terms of the [[Versailles Treaty]], and by the German people after the invasion of the Ruhr, in which he agreed to pay the reparations set by the treaty in order for the French troops to evacuate.


==DVD Releases==
In 1929, Stresemann's death marked the end of the "Golden Era" of the Weimar Republic. He died at the age of 51, four years after receiving the 1926 [[Nobel Peace Prize]].
The following list shows all the releases of '''Pokemon anime'''. In [[Region 1]], the seasons are released on volumes, just Season 2 has been released in a complete boxset. A 10th Anniversary Pokémon boxed set with thirty episodes from the series was released featuring ten distinct Pokémon, each Pokémon had three episodes focusing on it; <ref>"[http://www.amazon.ca/dp/B000NNK4SC]"</ref> this boxset was an amalgamation of ten previously released Pokémon DVDs. Many episodes have also been released on single discs with around 5 episodes per disc.


Network - the company responsible for releasing The Rise of Darkrai in the UK in September 2008 - says that they will also "release all TV seasons of the Japanese animation starting with the first season, Pokémon, Volume One and the most recent 10th season Pokémon Diamond and Pearl"! For [[Region 2]], meanwhile in [[Region 4]], the seasons have been released since 2006 in complete season boxsets, and some in volumes.
=== The Republic crumbles and Hitler's support rises (1930&ndash;1932) ===
==== Loss of credibility ====


{|class="wikitable"
The last years of the Weimar Republic were stamped by even more political instability than in the previous years and the administrations of Chancellors [[Heinrich Brüning|Brüning]], [[Franz von Papen|Papen]], [[Kurt von Schleicher|Schleicher]] and [[Adolf Hitler|Hitler]] (from [[30 January]] to [[23 March]] [[1933]]) were all Presidentially appointed dictatorships. This meant they used the President's power to rule without consulting the Reichstag (German parliament). On [[March 29]], [[1930]], the finance expert [[Heinrich Brüning]] had been appointed the successor of Chancellor Müller by ''Reichspräsident'' [[Paul von Hindenburg]] after months of political lobbying by General [[Kurt von Schleicher]] on behalf of the military. The new government was expected to lead a political shift towards conservatism, based on the emergency powers granted to the ''Reichspräsident'' by the constitution, since it had no majority support in the ''[[Reichstag (institution)|Reichstag]]''.
! Season!! # of Episodes !! [[Region 1]] !! [[Region 2]] !! [[Region 4]]
|-
|[[List of Pokémon episodes (season 1)|1]]||79||November 21, 2006 (Volume 1)<ref>[http://www.amazon.com/dp/B000I0QLF0 Amazon.com: Pokemon Season 1 Box Set - Indigo League: Movies & TV: Rica Matsumoto,Ikue Ootani,Mayumi Iizuka,Yûko Kobayashi,Yûji Ueda,Megumi Hayashibara,Shinichirô Miki,Inuko Inuyama,Unshô Ishizuka,Chika Sakamoto,Machiko Toyoshima,Rei Sakuma,Masako Katsuki,Satomi Koorogi,Wataru Takagi,Masami Toyoshima,Chiyako Shibahara,Minami Takayama,Mika Kanai,Takehito Koyasu,Kunihiko Yuyama,Masamitsu Hidaka<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><br />November 13, 2007 (Volume 2)<ref>[http://www.amazon.com/dp/B000T28G28 Amazon.com: Pokémon - Season 1 Part 2: Movies & TV: Pokémon<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><br /> February 12, 2008 (Volume 3)<ref>[http://www.animeondvd.com/reviews2/disc_reviews/6863.php AnimeOnDVD.com]</ref>||TBA||May 10, 2006 (Complete Season 1)<ref>[http://www.dvdorchard.com.au/ProductS1.asp?CS=1&LN=766591&PND=120955&Qno=TBCTIC0TPC0&NoCache=0%2E3818781 Buy Pokemon Season 1 Super Wallet DVD at www.dvdorchard.com.au - Buy Childrens DVDs online Australia<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
|-
|[[List of Pokémon episodes (season 2)|2]]||36||November 12, 2002 (Volume 1)<ref>[http://www.amazon.com/dp/B00005QAQC Amazon.com: Pokemon - The Adventures in the Orange Islands Vol 1]</ref><br /> September 23, 2003 (Volume 2)<ref>[http://www.amazon.com/dp/B0000ADXDM Amazon.com: Pokemon - The Adventures in the Orange Islands (Vol. 2)]</ref><br /> November 18, 2003 (Volume 3)<ref>[http://www.amazon.com/dp/B0000C52HI Amazon.com: Pokemon - The Adventures in the Orange Islands (Vol. 3)]</ref><br /> <br />May 20, 2008 (Complete Season 2)<ref>[http://www.amazon.com/dp/B0014Z4OOS Amazon.com: Pokemon - Adventures on the Orange Islands Complete Season 2]</ref>||TBA||May 10, 2006 (Complete Season 2)<ref>[http://www.dvdorchard.com.au/ProductS1.asp?CS=1&LN=766591&PND=120956&Qno=TBCTIC0TPC0&NoCache=0%2E1545832 Buy Pokemon Season 2 Super Wallet DVD at www.dvdorchard.com.au - Buy Childrens DVDs online Australia<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
|-
|[[List of Pokémon: The Johto Journeys episodes|3]]||41||March 27, 2001 (Volume 1)<ref>[http://www.amazon.com/dp/B000059MQF Amazon.com: Pokemon The Johto Journeys Vol. 1]</ref><br />March 27, 2001 (Volume 2)<ref>[http://www.amazon.com/dp/B000059MQG Amazon.com: Pokemon The Johto Journeys Vol. 2]</ref><br />May 29, 2001 (Volume 3)<ref>[http://www.amazon.com/dp/B00005B20 Amazon.com: Pokemon The Johto Journeys Vol. 3]</ref><br />May 29, 2001 (Volume 4)<ref>[http://www.amazon.com/dp//B00005B20B Amazon.com: Pokemon The Johto Journeys Vol. 4]</ref><br />July 31, 2001 (Volume 5)<ref>[http://www.amazon.com/dp/B00005LC55 Amazon.com: Pokemon The Johto Journeys Vol. 5]</ref><br />July 31, 2001 (Volume 6)<ref>[http://www.amazon.com/dp/B00005LC56 Amazon.com: Pokemon The Johto Journeys Vol. 6]</ref><br />September 25, 2001 (Volume 7)<ref>[http://www.amazon.com/dp/B00005MM7D Amazon.com: Pokemon The Johto Journeys Vol. 7]</ref><br />September 25, 2001 (Volume 8)<ref>[http://www.amazon.com/dp/B00005MM7E Amazon.com: Pokemon The Johto Journeys Vol. 8]</ref><br />November 27, 2001 (Volume 9)<ref>[http://www.amazon.com/dp/B00005Q2YZ Amazon.com: Pokemon The Johto Journeys Vol. 9]</ref><br />November 27, 2001 (Volume 10)<ref>[http://www.amazon.com/dp/B00005Q2Z0 Amazon.com: Pokemon The Johto Journeys Vol. 10]</ref><br />January 29, 2002 (Volume 11)<ref>[http://www.amazon.com/dp/B00005T7HL Amazon.com: Pokemon The Johto Journeys Vol. 11]</ref><br />January 29, 2002 (Volume 12)<ref>[http://www.amazon.com/dp/B00005T7HM Amazon.com: Pokemon The Johto Journeys Vol. 12]</ref><br />March 26, 2002 (Volume 13)<ref>[http://www.amazon.com/dp/B00005Y71 Amazon.com: Pokemon The Johto Journeys Vol. 13]</ref><br />||TBA||June 5, 2007 (Complete Season 3)<ref>[http://www.ezydvd.com.au/item.zml/792477 Pokemon - Season 3 (14 Disc Super Wallet) @ EzyDVD<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
|-
|[[List of Pokémon: Johto League Champions episodes|4]]||52||December 10, 2002 (Volume 1)<ref>[http://www.amazon.com/dp/B00006SFLH Amazon.com: Pokemon Advanced Battle Vol. 1]</ref><br />March 11, 2003 (Volume 2)<ref>[http://www.amazon.com/dp/B000087F36 Amazon.com: Pokemon Johto League Champions Vol. 2]</ref><br />June 24, 2003 (Volume 3)<ref>[http://www.amazon.com/dp/B00009L53K Amazon.com: Pokemon Johto League Champions Vol. 3]</ref><br />August 26, 2003 (Volume 4)<ref>[http://www.amazon.com/dp/B00009WHTQ Amazon.com: Pokemon Johto League Champions Vol. 4]</ref><br />October 28, 2003 (Volume 5)<ref>[http://www.amazon.com/dp/B0000AINN1 Amazon.com: Pokemon Advanced Battle Vol. 5]</ref><br />December 2, 2003 (Volume 6)<ref>[http://www.amazon.com/dp/B0000C52FH Amazon.com: Pokemon Johto League Champions Vol. 6]</ref><br />February 10, 2004 (Volume 7)<ref>[http://www.amazon.com/dp/B00012QM5E Amazon.com: Pokemon Johto League Champions Vol. 7]</ref><br />||TBA||June 5, 2007 (Complete Season 4)<ref>[http://www.ezydvd.com.au/item.zml/792478 Pokemon - Season 4 (14 Disc Super Wallet) @ EzyDVD<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
|-
|[[List of Pokémon: Master Quest episodes|5]]||64||October 26, 2004 (Volume 1)<ref>[http://www.amazon.com/dp/B0002YLDQO Amazon.com: Pokemon Master Quest 1: DVD Collector's Box Set]</ref><br /> February 22, 2005 (Volume 2)<ref>[http://www.amazon.com/dp/B0002IQD2Y Amazon.com: Pokemon Master Quest Collector's Box Set: Quest 2<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>||TBA||October 11, 2007 (Complete Season 5)<ref>[http://www.ezydvd.com.au/item.zml/794784 Pokemon - Master Quest: Season 5 (14 Disc Super Wallet) @ EzyDVD<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
|-
|[[List of Pokémon: Advanced episodes|6]]||40||October 26, 2005 (Volume 1)<ref>[http://www.amazon.com/dp/B000AM6OB2 Amazon.com: Pokemon Advanced - Boxed Set Volume 1]</ref><br /> August 22, 2006 (Volume 2)<ref>[http://www.amazon.com/dp/B000FJI4EK Amazon.com: Pokemon Advanced Box Set Vol 2]</ref>||TBA||October 11, 2007 (Complete Season 6)<ref>[http://www.ezydvd.com.au/item.zml/794785 Pokemon - Advanced: Season 6 (14 Disc Super Wallet) @ EzyDVD<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
|-
|[[List of Pokémon: Advanced Challenge episodes|7]]||52||September 6, 2005 (Volume 1)<ref>[http://www.amazon.com/dp/B000AM6OAI Amazon.com: Pokemon Advanced Challenge Vol. 1]</ref><br />September 6, 2005 (Volume 2)<ref>[http://www.amazon.com/dp/B000AM6OAS Amazon.com: Pokemon Advanced Challenge Vol. 2]</ref><br />November 29, 2005 (Volume 3)<ref>[http://www.amazon.com/dp/B000AM6OBM Amazon.com: Pokemon Advanced Challenge Vol. 3]</ref><br />November 29, 2005 (Volume 4)<ref>[http://www.amazon.com/dp//B000AM6OBW Amazon.com: Pokemon Advanced Challenge Vol. 4]</ref><br />January 24, 2006 (Volume 5)<ref>[http://www.amazon.com/dp/B000BYA4LK Amazon.com: Pokemon Advanced Challenge Vol. 5]</ref><br />January 24, 2006 (Volume 6)<ref>[http://www.amazon.com/dp/B000BYA4LU Amazon.com: Pokemon Advanced Challenge Vol. 6]</ref><br />March 14, 2006 (Volume 7)<ref>[http://www.amazon.com/dp/B000CEXG32 Amazon.com: Pokemon Advanced Challenge Vol. 7]</ref><br />March 14, 2006 (Volume 8)<ref>[http://www.amazon.com/dp/B000CEXG3C Amazon.com: Pokemon Advanced Challenge Vol. 8]</ref><br />May 9, 2006 (Volume 9)<ref>[http://www.amazon.com/dp/B000EJ9VMA Amazon.com: Pokemon Advanced Challenge Vol. 9]</ref><br />May 9, 2006 (Volume 10)<ref>[http://www.amazon.com/dp/B000EJ9VMK Amazon.com: Pokemon Advanced Challenge Vol. 10]</ref><br />||TBA||October 8, 2008 (Complete Season 7)<ref>[http://www.ezydvd.com.au/item.zml/801146 Pokemon - Advanced Challenge: Season 7 (10 Disc Super Wallet) @ EzyDVD<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
|-
|[[List of Pokémon: Advanced Battle episodes|8]]||54||September 19, 2006 (Volume 1)<ref>[http://www.amazon.com/dp/B000GLL1BK Amazon.com: Pokemon Advanced Battle Vol. 1]</ref><br />September 19, 2006 (Volume 2)<ref>[http://www.amazon.com/dp/B000GLL1BU Amazon.com: Pokemon Advanced Battle Vol. 2]</ref><br />November 7, 2006 (Volume 3)<ref>[http://www.amazon.com/dp/B000HIP40G Amazon.com: Pokemon Advanced Battle Vol. 3]</ref><br />November 7, 2006 (Volume 4)<ref>[http://www.amazon.com/dp//B000HIP43I Amazon.com: Pokemon Advanced Battle Vol. 4]</ref><br />January 9, 2007 (Volume 5)<ref>[http://www.amazon.com/dp/B000JVT27C Amazon.com: Pokemon Advanced Battle Vol. 5]</ref><br />January 9, 2007 (Volume 6)<ref>[http://www.amazon.com/dp/B000JVT27M Amazon.com: Pokemon Advanced Battle Vol. 6]</ref><br />March 6, 2007 (Volume 7)<ref>[http://www.amazon.com/dp/B000M2E2CI Amazon.com: Pokemon Advanced Battle Vol. 7]</ref><br />March 6, 2007 (Volume 8)<ref>[http://www.amazon.com/dp/B000M2E2CS Amazon.com: Pokemon Advanced Battle Vol. 8]</ref><br />May 1, 2007 (Volume 9)<ref>[http://www.amazon.com/dp/B000N6UEZW Amazon.com: Pokemon Advanced Battle Vol. 9]</ref><br />May 1, 2007 (Volume 10)<ref>[http://www.amazon.com/dp/B000N6UF06 Amazon.com: Pokemon Advanced Battle Vol. 10]</ref><br />||TBA||April 4, 2007 (Volumes 1 & 2)<ref>[http://www.ezydvd.com.au/item.zml/791571 Pokemon - Advanced Battle 8.1 / 8.2 (2 Disc Set) @ EzyDVD<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><br />September 12, 2007 (Volumes 3 & 4)<ref>[http://www.ezydvd.com.au/item.zml/793998 Pokemon - Advanced Battle 8.3 / 8.4 (2 Disc Set) @ EzyDVD<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><br />February 6, 2008 (Volumes 5 & 6)<ref>[http://www.ezydvd.com.au/item.zml/797613 Pokemon - Advanced Battle 8.5 / 8.6 (2 Disc Set) @ EzyDVD<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><br />April 9, 2008 (Volumes 7 & 8)<ref>[http://www.ezydvd.com.au/item.zml/798498 Pokemon - Advanced Battle 8.7 / 8.8 (2 Disc Set) @ EzyDVD<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><br />April 9, 2008 (Volumes 9 & 10)<ref>[http://www.ezydvd.com.au/item.zml/798499 Pokemon - Advanced Battle 8.9 / 8.10 (2 Disc Set) @ EzyDVD<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>


October 8, 2008 (Complete Season 8)<ref>[http://www.ezydvd.com.au/item.zml/801147 Pokemon - Advanced Battle: Season 8 (10 Disc Super Wallet) @ EzyDVD<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
After an unpopular bill to reform the Reich's finances was left unsupported by the ''Reichstag'', Hindenburg established the bill as an emergency decree based on [[Article 48 (Weimar Constitution)|Article 48]] of the constitution. On [[July 18]] [[1930]], the bill was again invalidated by a slim majority in the ''Reichstag'' with the support of the SPD, [[Communist Party of Germany|KPD]], the (then small) NSDAP and [[DNVP]]. Immediately afterwards, Brüning submitted to the ''Reichstag'' the president's decree that it would be dissolved.
|-
|[[List of Pokémon: Battle Frontier episodes|9]]||47||July 29, 2008 (Volume 1)<ref>[http://www.rightstuf.com/cgi-bin/catalogmgr/TMvxUOcAEy=npAQO7E/browse/item/78315/4/0/0 Pokemon Frontier DVD Box Set 1]</ref><br />September 16, 2008 (Volume 2)<ref>[http://www.walmart.com/catalog/product.do?product_id=10171694 Walmart.com: Pokemon Batle Frontier Box Set Vol 2]</ref>||TBA||TBA, 2009
|-
|[[List of Pokémon: Diamond and Pearl episodes|10]]||52||September 16, 2008 (Volume 1)<ref>[http://www.amazon.com/dp//B001BP14FS Amazon.com: Pokemon Diamond and Pearl Vol 1]</ref><br />September 16, 2008 (Volume 2)<ref>[http://www.amazon.com/dp/B001BP14G2 Amazon.com: Pokemon Diamond and Pearl Vol 2]</ref><br /> <br />September 16, 2008 (Box Set 1)<ref>[http://www.amazon.com/dp/B001BP14FI Amazon.com: Pokemon Diamond and Pearl Box Set 1]</ref>||TBA||TBA, 2009
|}


'''Important Note''': Season 3: The Johto Journeys is currently out of print in [[Region 1]], what makes it difficult to buy. The rest of the seasons are on print.
The Reichstag general elections on [[September 14]], [[1930]] resulted in an enormous political shift: 18.3% of the vote went to the Nazis, five times the percentage compared to 1928. This increased legislative representation of the NSDAP had devastating consequences for the Republic. There was no longer a moderate majority in the ''Reichstag'' even for a Great Coalition of moderate parties, and this encouraged the supporters of the Nazis to force their claim to power with increasing violence and terror. After 1930, the Republic slid more and more into a state of potential civil war.


'''Note''': Pokemon Battle Frontier Volume 1 was released exclusively beginning on June 24 to WalMart Stores.
From 1930 to 1932, Brüning attempted to reform the devastated state without a majority in Parliament, governing with the help of the President's emergency decrees. During that time, the [[Great Depression]] reached its low point. In line with liberal economic theory that less public spending would spur economic growth, Brüning drastically cut state expenditures, including in the social sector. He expected and accepted that the economic crisis would, for a while, deteriorate before things would improve. Among others, the ''Reich'' completely halted all public grants to the obligatory unemployment insurance (which had been introduced only in 1927), which resulted in higher contributions by the workers and fewer benefits for the unemployed. This was understandably an unpopular move on his part.


'''Note''': Boxsets in [[Region 4]] include all the episodes of the spin-off [[Pokémon Chronicles]].
The economic downturn lasted until the second half of 1932, when there were first indications of a rebound. By this time though, the Weimar Republic had lost all credibility with the majority of Germans. While scholars greatly disagree about how Brüning's policy should be evaluated, it can safely be said that it contributed to the decline of the Republic. Whether there were alternatives at the time remains the subject of much debate.


== See also ==
The bulk of German capitalists and land-owners originally gave support to the conservative experiment: not from any personal liking for Brüning, but believing the conservatives would best serve their interests. As, however, the mass of the working class and also of the middle classes turned against Brüning, more of the great capitalists and landowners declared themselves in favour of his opponents - Hitler and Hugenberg. By late 1931 conservatism as a movement was dead, and the time was coming when Hindenburg and the [[Reichswehr]] would drop Brüning and come to terms with Hugenberg and Hitler. Hindenburg himself was no less a supporter of an anti-democratic counter-revolution represented by Hugenberg and Hitler.<ref name="Rosenberg">{{cite book
*[[List of Pokémon characters]]
| last = Rosenberg
*[[List of Pokémon episodes]]
| first = Arthur
**[[List of Pokémon special episodes]]
| authorlink = Arthur Rosenberg
*[[Pokémon theme songs|List of Pokémon theme songs]]
| title = A History of The German Republic
*[[Pokémon Chronicles]]
| publisher = Methuen
*[[List of Pokémon Anime Films]]
| date = 1936
*[[Banned episodes of Pokémon]]
| location = London
*[[List of television shows based on video games]]
| pages =}}</ref>


== References ==
On [[May 30]], 1932, Brüning resigned after no longer having Hindenburg's support. Five weeks earlier, Hindenburg had been re-elected ''Reichspräsident'' with Brüning's active support, running against Hitler (the president was directly elected by the people while the ''Reichskanzler'' was not).
{{reflist|2}}


== External links ==
====Franz von Papen calls for elections====
===Japan===
Hindenburg then appointed [[Franz von Papen]] as new ''Reichskanzler''. Von Papen lifted the ban on the [[Sturmabteilung|SA]], imposed after the street riots, in an unsuccessful attempt to secure the backing of Hitler.
*[http://www.pokemon.co.jp Pokémon Japanese website]
*[http://www.tv-tokyo.co.jp/pokemon/ TV Tokyo Pokémon anime webpage]
*[http://www.tv-tokyo.co.jp/anime/pokemon_dp/ TV Tokyo Diamond and Pearl website]
*[http://www.tv-tokyo.co.jp/anime/pokemon_ag/ TV Tokyo Pokémon AG anime webpage]


===United States===
Von Papen was closely associated with the industrialist and land-owning classes and pursued an extreme Conservative policy along Hindenburg's lines. He appointed as Reichswehr Minister [[Kurt von Schleicher]] and all of the members of the new cabinet were of the same political opinion as Hindenburg. This government was to be expected to assure itself of the co-operation of Hitler. Since the Republicans and Socialists were not yet ready to take action and the Conservatives had shot their political bolt, Hitler and Hindenburg were certain to achieve power.
*[http://www.pokemon.com Official Pokémon USA website]
<!--Kids WB was deleted because they no longer carry the show.---~~~ 12:34 PM US EDT Oct 25 2006.-->
*[http://www.cartoonnetwork.com/tv_shows/pokemon/index.html ''Pokémon: Diamond and Pearl'' on Cartoon Network]
*[http://web.archive.org/web/20050716000153/www.4kidsentertainment.com/properties/pokemon.html Archive of the 4Kids corporate page about Pokémon anime]


====Elections of July 1932====
Since most parties opposed the new government, von Papen had the ''[[Reichstag (institution)|Reichstag]]'' dissolved and called for new elections. The general elections on [[July 31]], [[1932]] yielded major gains for the [[Communist Party of Germany|KPD]] and the Nazis, who won 37.2% of the vote, supplanting the [[Social Democratic Party of Germany|Social Democrats]] as the largest party in the ''Reichstag''.


{{Pokémon media}}
July 1932 resulted in the question as to what part the now immense Nazi Party would play in the Government of the country. The Nazi party owed its huge increase to an influx of workers, unemployed, despairing peasants, and middle-class people. The millions of radical adherents at first forced the Party towards the Left. They wanted a renewed Germany and a new organisation of German society. The left of the Nazi party strove desperately against any drift into the train of such capitalist and feudal reactionaries. Therefore Hitler refused ministry under Papen, and demanded the chancellorship for himself, but was rejected by Hindenburg on [[August 13]] [[1932]]. There was still no majority in the ''Reichstag'' for any government; as a result, the Reichstag was dissolved and elections took place once more in the hope that a stable majority would result.


[[Category:Anime of 1997]]
===November and 'Socialist General' Schleicher===
[[Category:Animated series based on video games]]
[[Image:Nsdap1932.jpg|thumb|right|NSDAP election poster from 1932.]]
[[Category:Pokémon anime]]
The [[November 6]], [[1932]] elections yielded 33.1% for the Nazis<ref name="Evans">{{cite book
[[Category:Anime series]]
| last = Evans
[[Category:Shōnen]]
| first = Richard J.
[[Category:Creature anime and manga]]
| authorlink = Richard J. Evans
[[Category:1997 television series debuts]]
| title = The Coming of the Third Reich
[[Category:Kids WB shows]]
| publisher = The Penguin Press
[[Category:First-run syndicated television programs in the United States]]
| date = 2004
[[Category:Cartoon Network shows]]
| location = New York
[[Category:Viz Media anime]]
| pages = 446
| isbn = 1594200041}}</ref>: it dropped 2 million voters. Franz von Papen stepped down, and was succeeded by General [[Kurt von Schleicher]] as ''Reichskanzler'' on [[December 3]]. Schleicher, a political army officer, had developed in an atmosphere of semi-obscurity and intrigue that encompassed the Republican military policy. He had for years been in the camp of those supporting the Conservative counter-revolution. Schleicher's bold and unsuccessful plan was to build a majority in the Reichstag by uniting the [[Trade Unionist]] left wings in the various parties, including that of the Nazis led by Gregor Strasser. This did not prove successful either.


[[ar:بوكيمون (أنمي)]]
In this brief Presidential Dictatatorship entr'acte, Schleicher took the role of 'Socialist General', and entered into relations with the Christian Trade Unions, the Left Nazis, and even with the Social Democrats. Schleicher's plan was for a sort of Labour Government under his Generalship. It was an utterly un-workable idea as the Reichswehr officers were hardly prepared to follow Schleicher on this path, and the working class had a natural distrust of their future allies. Equally, Schleicher aroused hatred amongst the great capitalists and landowners by these plans. The SPD and KPD could have achieved success building on a Berlin transport strike.
[[ca:Pokémon (anime)]]

[[de:Pokémon (Anime)]]
[[Image:Plakat Hugenberg Papen Seldte 1933.jpg|thumb|200px|left|Poster for the nationalist "Black-White-Red" coalition of DVNP leader [[Alfred Hugenberg]], [[Franz von Papen]] and [[Franz Seldte]].]]
[[es:Pokémon (anime)]]
Hitler learned from von Papen that the general had no authority to abolish the ''Reichstag'' parliament, whereas any majority of seats did. The cabinet (under a previous interpretation of Article 48) ruled without a sitting Reichstag, which could vote only for its own dissolution. Hitler also learned that all past crippling Nazi debts were to be relieved by German big business.
[[fr:Pokémon (série)]]

[[he:פוקימון (אנימה)]]
On [[January 22]], Hitler's efforts to persuade Oskar von Hindenburg (the President's son) included threats to bring criminal charges over estate taxation irregularities at the President's [[Neudeck]] estate (although 5000 extra acres were soon allotted to Hindenburg's property). Out maneuvered by von Papen and Hitler on plans for the new cabinet, and having lost Hindenburg's confidence, Schleicher asked for new elections. On [[January 28]] von Papen described Hitler to [[Paul von Hindenburg]] as only a minority part of an alternative, von Papen-arranged government. The four great political movements, the SPD, KPD, [[Centre Party (Germany)|Centre]], and the Nazis were in opposition.
[[it:Pokémon (anime)]]

[[nl:Pokémon (anime)]]
On [[January 29]] Hitler and von Papen thwarted a last-minute threat of an officially-sanctioned ''Reichswehr'' takeover, and on [[January 30]], [[1933]] Hindenburg accepted the new Papen-Nationalist-Hitler coalition with the Nazis holding only three of eleven Cabinet seats. Later that day, the first cabinet meeting was attended by only two political parties, representing a minority in the Reichstag: The Nazis and the [[DNVP]] led by [[Alfred Hugenberg]] (196 + 52 seats). Eyeing the Catholic [[Centre Party (Germany)|Centre Party]]'s 70 (+ 20 [[Bavarian People's Party|BVP]]) seats, Hitler refused their leader's demands for constitutional "concessions" (amounting to protection) and planned for dissolution of the Reichstag.
[[ja:ポケットモンスター (アニメ)]]

[[pl:Pokémon (anime)]]
Hindenburg, despite his misgivings about the Nazis' goals and about Hitler as a person, reluctantly agreed to Papen's theory that, with Nazi popular support on the wane, Hitler could now be controlled as chancellor. The date dubbed ''[[Machtergreifung]]'' (seizure of power) by the Nazi propaganda is commonly seen as the beginning of [[Nazi Germany]].
[[pt:Pokémon (anime)]]

[[fi:Pokémon (televisiosarja)]]
===Hitler's chancellorship and the death of the Weimar Republic (1933)===
[[zh:神奇寶貝動畫版]]
[[Hitler]] was sworn in as [[Chancellor]] on the morning of [[January 30]], [[1933]] in what some observers later described as a brief and indifferent ceremony. By early February, a mere week after Hitler's assumption of the chancellorship, the government had begun to clamp down on the opposition. Meetings of the left-wing parties were banned, and even some of the moderate parties found their members threatened and assaulted. Measures with an appearance of legality suppressed the Communist Party in mid-February and included the plainly illegal arrests of ''Reichstag'' deputies.

====Reichstag Fire====
The [[Reichstag Fire]] on [[February 27]] was blamed by Hitler's government on the Communists, and Hitler used the ensuing state of emergency to obtain the assent of President von Hindenburg to issue the [[Reichstag Fire Decree]] the following day. The decree invoked [[Article 48 (Weimar Constitution)|Article 48]] of the [[Weimar Constitution]] and suspended a number of constitutional protections of civil liberties, allowing the Nazi government to take swift action against political meetings, arresting and killing the Communists.

====Reichstag election of March 5====
Hitler and the Nazis exploited the German state's broadcasting and aviation facilities in a massive attempt to sway the electorate, but this election &mdash; the last democratic election to take place until the end of the [[Third Reich]] twelve years later &mdash; yielded a scant majority of 16 seats for the coalition. At the Reichstag elections, which took place on [[5 March]], the NSDAP obtained seventeen million votes. The Communist, Socialist and Catholic Centre votes stood firm.
Hitler addressed disparate interest groups, stressing the necessity for a definitive solution to the perpetual instability of the Weimar Republic. He now blamed Germany's problems on the Communists, even threatening their lives on [[March 3]]. Former Chancellor [[Heinrich Brüning]] proclaimed that his Centre Party would resist any constitutional change and appealed to the President for an investigation of the Reichstag fire. Hitler's successful plan was to induce what remained of the now Communist-depleted Reichstag to grant him, and the Government, the authority to issue decrees with the force of law. The hitherto Presidential Dictatorship hereby was to give itself a new legal form.

On [[15 March]] the first cabinet meeting was attended by the two coalition parties, representing a minority in the Reichstag: The Nazis and the [[DNVP]] led by [[Alfred Hugenberg]] (196 + 52 seats). According to the [[Nuremberg Trials]] this cabinet meeting's first order of business was how at last to achieve the complete counter-revolution by means of the constitutionally-allowed [[Enabling Act of 1933|Enabling Act]], requiring two-thirds parliamentary majority. This Act would, and did, bring Hitler and the [[NSDAP]] unfettered dictatorial powers.

====Hitler cabinet meeting in mid-March====
At the meeting of the new cabinet on [[March 15]], Hitler introduced the [[Enabling Act of 1933|Enabling Act]], which would have authorised the cabinet to enact legislation without the approval of the Reichstag. Meanwhile, the only remaining question for the Nazis was whether the Catholic [[Centre Party (Germany)|Centre Party]] (''Zentrum'') would support the Enabling Act in the Reichstag, thereby providing the two-thirds majority required to ratify a law that amended the constitution. Hitler expressed his confidence to win over the Centre's votes. Hitler is recorded at the Nuremberg Trials as being sure of eventual [[Centre Party Germany]] capitulation and thus rejecting of the DNVP's suggestions to "balance" the majority through further arrests, this time of socialists. Hitler however assured his coalition partners that arrests would resume after the elections, and in fact some 26 SPD Socialists were physically removed. After meeting with Centre leader Monsignor [[Ludwig Kaas]] and other Centre Trade Union leaders daily, and denying them a substantial participation in the government, negotiation succeeded in respect of guarantees towards Catholic civil-servants and education issues.

At the last internal Centre meeting prior to the debate on the ''Enabling Act'', Kaas expressed no preference or suggestion on the vote, but as a way of mollifying opposition by Centre members to the granting of further powers to Hitler, Kaas somehow arranged for a letter of constitutional guarantee from Hitler himself prior to his voting with the centre ''en bloc'' in favor of the [[Enabling Act of 1933|Enabling Act]]. This guarantee was not ultimately given. Kaas, the party's chairman since 1928, had strong connections to the [[Vatican City|Vatican]] Secretary of State, later [[Pope Pius XII]]. In return for pledging his support for the act, Kaas would use his connections with the Vatican to set in train and draft the [[Holy See]]'s long desired [[Reichskonkordat]] with Germany (only possible with the co-operation of the Nazis).

[[Ludwig Kaas]] is considered along with von Papen as being one of the two most important political figures in the creation of a [[National Socialist]] dictatorship.<ref name="vKlemperer">
{{cite book
| last = von Klemperer
| first = Klemens
| authorlink =
| coauthors =
| title = German Resistance Against Hitler:The Search for Allies Abroad 1938-1945
| publisher = OUP / Clarendon Press
| date = 1992
| location = Oxford
| pages =
| isbn = 0-19-821940-7}}</ref>

====Enabling Act negotiations====
On [[March 20]] negotiation began between Hitler and Frick on one side and the Catholic [[Centre Party (Germany)|Centre Party]] (''Zentrum'') leaders &mdash; Kaas, Stegerwald and Hackelsburger &mdash; on the other. The aim was to settle on conditions under which Centre would vote in favor of the Enabling Act. Because of the Nazis' narrow majority in the ''Reichstag'', Centre's support was necessary to receive the required two-thirds majority vote. On [[March 22]], the negotiations concluded; Hitler promised to continue the existence of the German states, agreed not to use the new grant of power to change the constitution, and promised to retain ''Zentrum'' members in the civil service. Hitler also pledged to protect the Catholic confessional schools and to respect the concordats signed between the Holy See and Bavaria (1924), Prussia (1929) and Baden (1931). Hitler also agreed to mention these promises in his speech to the Reichstag before the vote on the Enabling Act.

====Ceremonial opening of the ''Reichstag'' in Potsdam on March 21====
The ceremonial opening of the Reichstag on [[March 21]] was held at the [[Garrison Church]] in [[Potsdam]], a shrine of [[Prussianism]], in the presence of many [[Junker]] landowners and representatives of the imperial military caste. This impressive and often emotional spectacle &mdash; orchestrated by [[Joseph Goebbels]] &mdash; aimed to link Hitler's government with Germany's imperial past and portray National Socialism as a guarantor of the nation's future. The ceremony helped convince the "old guard" Prussian military elite of Hitler's homage to their long tradition and, in turn, produced the relatively convincing view that Hitler's government had the support of Germany's traditional protector &mdash; the Army. Such support would publicly signal a return to conservatism to curb the problems affecting the Weimar Republic, and that stability might be at hand. In a cynical and politically adroit move, Hitler bowed in respectful humility before President and Field Marshal [[Paul von Hindenburg|von Hindenburg]].

====Passage of the Enabling Act by the ''Reichstag'' on March 23====
The Reichstag Government convened on [[March 23]], [[1933]], and in the midday opening, Hitler made a historic speech, appearing outwardly calm and conciliatory. It is most noticeable for its abrupt reversal of the Nazi Party's hardline stance against Christianity and particularly Catholicism. Hitler presented an appealing prospect of respect towards Christianity by paying tribute to the Christian faiths as "essential elements for safeguarding the soul of the German people". He promised to respect their rights and declared his government's "ambition is a peaceful accord between [[Church and State]]" and that he hoped "to improve our friendly relations with the [[Holy See]]." This speech aimed especially at the future recognition by the named [[Holy See]] and therefore to the votes of the Centre Party addressing many concerns Kaas had voiced during the previous talks. Kaas is considered to have had a hand therefore in the drafting of the speech.<ref name="vKlemperer"/> Kaas is also reported as voicing the Holy See's desire for Hitler as bulwark against [[atheist]]ic Russian [[nihilism]] previously as early as May 1932.<ref>{{cite book
|last = Mowrer
|first = Edgar Ansel
|authorlink = Edgar Ansel Mowrer
|title = Triumph and Turmoil
|year = 1970
|publisher = Allen & Unwin
|location = London
|pages = 209
|isbn = 0049200267}}</ref>

In the debate prior to the vote on the Enabling Act, Hitler orchestrated the full political menace of his [[paramilitary]] forces like the [[Sturmabteilung|storm troopers]] in the streets to intimidate reluctant Reichstag deputies into approving the Enabling Act. The Communists' 81 seats had been empty since the Reichstag Fire Decree and other lesser known procedural measures, thus excluding their anticipated "No" votes from the balloting. [[Otto Wels]], the leader of the Social Democrats, whose seats were similarly depleted from 120 to below 100, was the only speaker to defend democracy and in a futile but brave effort to deny Hitler the two-thirds majority, he made a speech critical of the abandonment of democracy to dictatorship. At this Hitler could no longer restrain his wrath.<ref>{{cite book
| title=[[The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich]]
| authorlink = William L. Shirer
| last = Shirer
| first = William L.
| publisher = [[Simon & Schuster]]
| location = New York
| year = 1960
| isbn = 0-671-72868-7
}}</ref>

In his retort to Wels, Hitler abandoned earlier pretence at calm statesmanship and delivered a characteristic screaming diatribe, promising to exterminate all Communists in Germany and threatening [[Otto Wels|Wels']] Social Democrats as well. Meanwhile Hitler's promised written guarantee to Monsignor Kaas was being typed up, it was asserted to Kaas, and thereby Kaas was persuaded to silently deliver the Centre bloc's votes for the Enabling Act anyway.

===Aftermath===
{{main|Nazi Germany}}
The passing of the Enabling Act gave Hitler and his government sweeping powers to legislate without the Reichstag's approval, and to make foreign policy decisions and deviate from the constitution where they saw fit. Hitler would use these powers to remove all opposition to the dictatorship he wished to create. The decrees issued by Hitler's cabinet within succeeding weeks rapidly stripped Germans of their rights, removed all non-Nazi members of the Civil Service, and banned all other political parties and unions, ushering in the Third Reich.

The NSDAP movement had rapidly passed the power of the majority Nationalist Ministers to control. Unchecked by the police, the S.A indulged in acts of terrorism throughout Germany. Communists, Social Democrats, and the Centre were ousted from public life everywhere. The violent persecution of Jews began, and by the summer 1933 the [[NSDAP]] felt itself so invincible that it did away with all the other parties, as well as trades unions. The Nationalist Party was among those suppressed. The [[NSDAP]] ruled alone in Germany. The Reichswehr had, however, remained completely un-touched by all these occurrences. It was still the same State within a State that it had been in the Weimar Republic. Similarly, the private property of wealthy industrialists and landowners was untouched, whilst the administrative and judicial machinery was only very slightly tampered with.<ref name="Rosenberg"/>

==Reasons for the Weimar Republic's failure==
The reasons for the Weimar Republic's collapse are the subject of continuing debate. It may have been doomed from the beginning since even moderates disliked it and extremists on both the left and right loathed it. Germany had no democratic traditions and Weimar democracy was widely seen as chaotic. And since Weimar politicians had been blamed for the [[Dolchstosslegende|"stab in the back" myth]] that was then widely believed in Germany as the real cause of the surrender of the German army in World War I, the popular legitimacy of the government was on shaky ground.

No single reason can explain the failure of the Weimar Republic. The most commonly asserted causes can be grouped into three categories: economic problems, institutional problems and the roles of specific individuals.

===Economic problems===<!-- This section is linked from [[W.E.B. Du Bois]] -->
{{main|Great Depression in Central Europe}}
The Weimar Republic had some of the most serious economic problems ever experienced by any Western democracy in history. Rampant [[hyperinflation]], massive unemployment and a large drop in living standards were primary factors. In 1923-29 there was a short period of economic recovery, but the [[Great Depression]] of the 1930s led to a worldwide recession. Germany was particularly affected because it depended heavily on American loans. In 1932, about 5 million Germans were unemployed. Many blamed the Weimar Republic. This was made apparent when political parties on both right and left wanting to disband the Republic altogether made any democratic majority in Parliament impossible.

The Weimar Republic was severely affected by the [[Great Depression]] triggered by the [[Wall Street Crash of 1929]]. The crash and subsequent economic stagnation led to increased demands on Germany to repay the debts owed to the United States. As the Weimar Republic was very fragile in all of its existence, the depression proved to be devastating, and played a major role in the [[NSDAP]]'s takeover.

The [[Treaty of Versailles]] was considered by most Germans to be a punishing and degrading document because it forced them to surrender resource-rich areas and pay massive amounts of compensation. These punitive reparations caused consternation and resentment, although the actual economic damage resulting from the Treaty of Versailles is difficult to determine. While the official reparations were considerable Germany ended up paying only a fraction of them. However, the reparations did damage Germany's economy by discouraging market loans, which forced the Weimar government to finance its deficit by printing more money, causing rampant hyperinflation. In addition, the rapid disintegration of Germany in 1919, due to the return of a disillusioned army, the rapid change from possible victory in 1918 to defeat in 1919, and the political chaos may have caused a psychological imprint on Germans that could lead to extreme [[nationalism]], shown by Hitler.

Most historians agree that many industrial leaders identified the Weimar Republic with labour unions and with the Social Democrats, who had established the Versailles concessions of 1918/1919. Although some did see Hitler as a means to abolish the latter, the Republic was already unstable before any industry leaders were supporting Hitler. Even those who supported Hitler's appointment often did not want Nazism in its entirety and considered Hitler a temporary solution in their efforts to abolish the Republic. Industry support alone cannot explain Hitler's enthusiastic support by large segments of the population, including many workers who had turned away from the left.

===Institutional problems===
It is widely agreed that the 1919 constitution had several weaknesses, making the eventual establishment of a dictatorship likely but it is unknown whether a different constitution could have prevented the Third Reich. However, the 1949 West German constitution (the ''[[Basic Law of the Federal Republic of Germany|Grundgesetz]])'' is generally viewed as a strong response to these flaws.

* The institution of the ''Reichspräsident'' was frequently considered as an ''Ersatzkaiser'' ("substitute emperor"), an attempt to replace the Kaiser (who resigned and fled in 1918) with a similarly strong institution meant to diminish party politics. Article 48 of the constitution gave the President power to "take all necessary steps" if "public order and security are seriously disturbed or endangered". Although this was intended as an emergency clause, it was often used before 1933 to issue decrees without the support of Parliament (see above) and also made ''[[Gleichschaltung]]'' easier. For example, the [[Reichstag Fire Decree]] was issued on the basis of Article 48.

* The use of almost pure [[proportional representation]] meant any party with a small amount of support could gain entry into the ''[[Reichstag (institution)|Reichstag]]''. This led to many small parties, some extremist, building political bases within the system (In 1949, four years after the ''[[World War II|Second World War]]'' the electoral law was changed and only parties with 5% or more of the total vote would be allowed to enter the [[Bundestag]]). Yet, it has to be noted that the Reichstag of the monarchy was fractioned to a similar degree although being elected by [[majoritarian system|majority vote]] under a [[first-past-the-post]] system.

* The ''Reichstag'' could remove the ''Reichskanzler'' from office even if it was unable to agree on a successor. This "[[Motion of No Confidence]]" led to many chancellors in quick succession, adding to the Republic's instability (see [[Chancellor of Germany]] for a list). As a result, the 1949 ''Grundgesetz'' stipulates that a chancellor may only be voted down by Parliament if a successor is elected at the same time (see [[Constructive Vote of No Confidence]]).

* The constitution provided that in the event of the president's death or resignation, the ''[[Chancellor of Germany|Reichskanzler]]'' would assume that office (and crucially possess its powers) pending election of a new president. This allowed Hitler to easily unite the offices of ''Reichskanzler'' and ''Reichspräsident'' after Hindenburg's death in 1934. However, by this time the dictatorship was already firmly installed and this clause alone cannot be blamed for Nazism.

===Role of individuals===
Some historians prefer to consider individuals and the decisions they made. This brings up the problematic question of what alternatives were available at the time and leads to speculation and hypothesis.

Brüning's economic policy from 1930-1932 has been the subject of much debate. It caused many Germans to identify the Republic with cuts in social spending and extremely liberal economics. Whether there were alternatives to this policy during [[Great Depression]] is an open question.

[[Paul von Hindenburg]] became ''Reichspräsident'' in 1925. He represented the older authoritarian 1871 Empire, and it is hard to label him as a democrat in support of the 1919 Republic, but he was never a Nazi. During his later years (at well over 80 years old), he was also [[senile]]. A president with solid democratic beliefs may not have allowed the Reichstag to be circumvented with the use of Article 48 decrees and might have avoided signing the [[Reichstag Fire Decree]]. Hindenburg waited one and a half days before he appointed Hitler as ''Reichskanzler'' on [[January 30]], [[1933]], which indicates some hesitance. Some claim Nazism would have lost much public support if Hitler had not been named chancellor.

==Constituent states of Germany during the Weimar period==
Prior to World War I, the [[German Empire#Constituent states of the Empire|constituent states of the German Empire]] were 22 smaller monarchies, three city-states and the Imperial territory of [[Alsace-Lorraine]]. After the territorial losses of the [[Treaty of Versailles]] and the [[German revolution|revolution of 1918]], the remaining states continued as republics. The former [[Ernestine duchies]] continued briefly as republics before merging to form the state of [[Thuringia]] in 1920, except for [[Saxe-Coburg]], which became part of [[Bavaria]].

[[Image:Deutsches Reich 1925 b.png|270px|thumb|right|States of Germany (1925)]]
{{Table of states in the Weimar Republic}}

These states were gradually ''de facto'' abolished under the Nazi regime via the [[Gleichschaltung]] process, as the states were largely re-organised into [[Gau (country subdivision)|Gaue]]. However, the city-state of [[Free City of Lübeck|Lübeck]] was formally incorporated into Prussia in 1937 following the [[Greater Hamburg Act]] - apparently motivated by Hitler's personal dislike for the city. Most of the remaining states were formally dissolved by the Allies at the end of [[World War II]] and ultimately re-organised into the modern [[states of Germany]].

==Citations==
{{reflist}}

==References==
{{Refbegin}}
*{{cite book |last=Abraham |first=David |title=The Collapse of the Weimar Republic: Political Economy and Crisis |edition=2nd Edition |location=New Jersey |publisher=Holmes & Meier Publishers |year=1986 |isbn=0-8419-1084-7}}
*{{cite book |authorlink=William Sheridan Allen |last=Allen |first=William Sheridan |title=The Nazi seizure of Power: the experience of a single German town, 1922-1945 |location=New York, Toronto |publisher=F. Watts |year=1984 |isbn=0-531-09935-0}}
*{{cite book |first=V. R. |last=Berghahn |title=Modern Germany |location=Cambridge, UK |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1982 |isbn=0-521-34748-3}}
*{{cite book |last=Bookbinder |first=Paul |title=Weimar Germany: the Republic of the Reasonable |location=Manchester, UK |publisher=Manchester University Press |year=1996 |isbn=0-7190-4286-0}}
*{{cite book |authorlink=Karl Dietrich Bracher |last=Bracher |first=Karl Dietrich |title=Die Auflösung der Weimarer Republik; eine Studie zum Problem des Machtverfalls in der Demokratie |location=Villingen, Schwarzwald |publisher=Ring-Verlag |year=1971 |language=German}}
*{{cite book |authorlink=Martin Broszat |last=Broszat |first=Martin |title=Hitler and the Collapse of Weimar Germany |location=Leamington Spa, New York |publisher=Berg<!--: Distributed exclusively in the US by St. Martin's Press--> |year=1987 |isbn=0-85496-509-2}}
*{{cite book |last=Childers |first=Thomas |title=The Nazi Voter: The Social Foundations of Fascism in Germany, 1919-1933 |location=Chapel Hill |publisher=University of North Carolina Press |year=1983 |isbn=0-8078-1570-5}}
*{{cite book |authorlink=Gordon A. Craig |last=Craig |first=Gordon A. |title=Germany 1866-1945 (Oxford History of Modern Europe) |location=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1980 |isbn=0-19-502724-8}}
*{{cite book |last=Dorpalen |first=Andreas |title=Hindenburg and the Weimar Republic |location=Princeton, N.J. |publisher=Princeton University Press |year=1964}}
*Eschenburg, Theodor (1972) "The Role of the Personality in the Crisis of the Weimar Republic: Hindenburg, Brüning, Groener, Schleicher" pages 3-50 from ''Republic to Reich The Making Of The Nazi Revolution'' edited by [[Hajo Holborn]], New York: Pantheon Books.
*{{cite book |last=Feuchtwanger |first=Edgar |title=From Weimar to Hitler: Germany, 1918-33 |location=London |publisher=Macmillan |year=1993 |isbn=0-333-27466-0}}
*{{cite book |authorlink=Peter Gay |last=Gay |first=Peter |title=Weimar Culture: The Outsider as Insider |location=New York |publisher=Harper & Row |year=1968}}
*{{cite book |last=Gordon |first=Mel |title=Volutpuous Panic: The Erotic World of Weimar Berlin |location=New York |publisher=Feral House |year=2000}}
*{{cite book |last=Hamilton |first=Richard F. |title=Who Voted for Hitler? |location=Princeton, N.J. |publisher=Princeton University Press |year=1982 |isbn=0-691-09395-4}}
*{{cite book |last=James |first=Harold |title=The German Slump: Politics and Economics, 1924-1936 |location=Oxford, Oxfordshire |publisher=Clarendon Press |year=1986 |isbn=0-19-821972-5}}
*{{cite book |last=Kaes |first=Anton |coauthors=Jay, Martin; Dimendberg, Edward (eds.) |title=The Weimar Republic Sourcebook |location=Berkeley |publisher=University of California Press |year=1994 |isbn=0-520-06774-6}}
*{{cite book |last=Kolb |first=Eberhard |title=The Weimar Republic |others=P.S. Falla (translator) |location=London |publisher=Unwin Hyman |year=1988 |isbn=0-04-943049-1}}
*{{cite book |authorlink=Hans Mommsen |last=Mommsen |first=Hans |title=From Weimar to Auschwitz |others=Philip O'Connor (translator) |location=Princeton, N.J. |publisher=Princeton University Press |year=1991 |isbn=0-691-03198-3}}
*{{cite book |authorlink=Edgar Ansel Mowrer |first=Edgar Angel |last=Mowrer |title=Germany Puts The Clock Back |publisher=[[The Bodley Head]] |publisher=London |year=1933}}
*{{cite book |authorlink=Edgar Ansel Mowrer |first=Edgar Angel |last=Mowrer |title=Triumph and Turmoil |publisher=George Allen & Unwin |year=1970 |isbn=0049200267}}
*{{cite book |last=Nicholls |first=Anthony James |title=Weimar And The Rise Of Hitler |location=New York |publisher=St. Martin's Press, |year=2000 |isbn=0-312-23350-7}}
*{{cite book |authorlink=Detlev Peukert |last=Peukert |first=Detlev |title=The Weimar Republic: the Crisis of Classical Modernity |location=New York |publisher=Hill and Wang |year=1992 |isbn=0-8090-9674-9}}
*{{cite book |first=Arthur |last=Rosenberg |title=A History of The German Republic |publisher=Methuen |location=London |year=1936}}
*{{cite book |authorlink=Henry Ashby Turner |last=Turner |first=Henry Ashby |title=Hitler's Thirty Days To Power: January 1933 |location=Reading, Mass. |publisher=Addison-Wesley |year=1996 |isbn=0-201-40714-0}}
*{{cite book |authorlink=Henry Ashby Turner |last=Turner |first=Henry Ashby |title=German Big Business and the Rise of Hitler |location=New York |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1985 |isbn=0-19-503492-9}}
*{{cite book |authorlink=John Wheeler-Bennett |last=Wheeler-Bennett |first=John |title=The Nemesis of Power: German Army in Politics, 1918-1945 |location=New York |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan Publishing Company |year=2005 |isbn=1-4039-1812-0}}

{{Refend}}

==External links==
*[http://www.lwl.org/westfaelische-geschichte/portal/Internet/ku.php?tab=que&ID=843 The Constitution of the German Reich (Weimar constitution) of 11th August 1919, in full text]
*[http://www.zum.de/psm/weimar/index.php3 PSM Data Bank]
*[http://www.documentarchiv.de/|historical documents (German)]

==See also==
{{portalpar|Germany}}
*[[Weimar culture]]
*[[Inflation in the Weimar Republic]]
*[[Gleichschaltung]]
*[[Centre Party Germany]]
*[[Franz von Papen]]
*[[Weimar Constitution]]

{{States of the Weimar Republic}}

[[Category:Weimar Republic|*]]
[[Category:Weimar culture]]
[[Category:Great Depression]]

{{Link FA|he}}

[[ar:جمهورية فايمار]]
[[az:Veymar Respublikası]]
[[bs:Weimarska Republika]]
[[bg:Ваймарска република]]
[[ca:República de Weimar]]
[[cs:Výmarská republika]]
[[cy:Gweriniaeth Weimar]]
[[da:Weimarrepublikken]]
[[de:Weimarer Republik]]
[[et:Weimari vabariik]]
[[el:Δημοκρατία της Βαϊμάρης]]
[[es:República de Weimar]]
[[eo:Vajmara Respubliko]]
[[eu:Weimar Errepublika]]
[[fa:جمهوری وایمار]]
[[fr:République de Weimar]]
[[ga:Poblacht Weimar]]
[[gv:Pobblaght Weimar]]
[[gl:República de Weimar]]
[[ko:바이마르 공화국]]
[[hr:Weimarska Republika]]
[[id:Republik Weimar]]
[[is:Weimar lýðveldið]]
[[it:Repubblica di Weimar]]
[[he:רפובליקת ויימאר]]
[[ka:ვაიმარის რესპუბლიკა]]
[[sw:Jamhuri ya Weimar]]
[[la:Res Publica Vimariana]]
[[lv:Veimāras republika]]
[[lt:Veimaro respublika]]
[[mk:Вајмарска Република]]
[[nl:Weimarrepubliek]]
[[ja:ヴァイマル共和政]]
[[no:Tysklands historie (1918–1933)]]
[[nn:Weimarrepublikken]]
[[uz:Veymar Respublikasi]]
[[pms:Repùblica 'd Weimar]]
[[pl:Republika Weimarska]]
[[pt:República de Weimar]]
[[ro:Republica de la Weimar]]
[[ru:Веймарская Республика]]
[[simple:Weimar Republic]]
[[sk:Weimarská republika]]
[[sl:Weimarska republika]]
[[sr:Вајмарска Република]]
[[sh:Weimarska Republika]]
[[fi:Weimarin tasavalta]]
[[sv:Weimarrepubliken]]
[[th:สาธารณรัฐไวมาร์]]
[[vi:Cộng hòa Weimar]]
[[tr:Weimar Cumhuriyeti]]
[[uk:Веймарська республіка]]
[[zh:魏瑪共和國]]

Revision as of 11:07, 12 October 2008

Pokémon
File:Pokemon-diamond-and-pearl-group.png
The Sinnoh Saga
GenreAdventure, Fantasy
Anime
Directed byMasamitsu Hidaka
StudioOLM, Inc.
Released April 1, 1997 – present
Movies
  • 5 Pokémon movies
  • 4 Advanced Generation movies
  • 2 Diamond & Pearl movies
Specials
  • 2 full-length TV specials
  • Assorted side-story episodes (Pokémon Hosou/Pokémon Chronicles)
  • Winter Vacation shorts

Pokémon (abbreviated from Pocket Monsters (ポケットモンスター, Poketto Monsutā) in Japan) is an ongoing Japanese animated series, which has since been adapted for the North American and European television market. It is somewhat based on the Pokémon video game series and a part of the Pokémon franchise.

Originally a single series, Pokémon, it has since been made into three series, including Pokémon: Advanced Generation and subsequently Pokémon Diamond & Pearl, which continue the story of Pokémon, while its spin-off Pokémon Chronicles or, as it is known in Japan, Pokémon Sunday (formerly Shūkan Pokémon Hōsōkyoku) is a series of stories revolving around some of the recurring characters.

Airing and production

The English adaptation of the series was produced by 4Kids Entertainment and video distribution of the series was handled by Viz Media for the TV series for the younger generation as well as the eighth movie forward, Warner Bros. and Nintendo for the first three movies and the first special, Miramax Films, and Buena Vista Home Entertainment for the fourth movie through the seventh. The series and all feature films are directed by Kunihiko Yuyama, with English adaptations originally written by Norman J. Grossfeld and Michael Haigney for the first eight seasons. However, starting with the ninth season, the American branch of The Pokémon Company, Pokémon USA, and TAJ Productions, who worked with 4Kids on the show before taking leave after Season 5, replaced 4Kids as the show's non-Japanese producers and distributors. Most of the original voice cast was also replaced, causing controversy among fans who admired the original voice actors. TAJ was replaced by DuArt Film and Video for the tenth movie and Season 11 of the anime series. In the UK, Pokémon first aired on the Saturday morning show SMTV Live and proved to be extraordinarily popular, to the point were segments and sketches of the show itself were based around Pokémon (e.g. the Pokérap).

The show (as of November 8, 2007 in Japan and April 12, 2008 in the United States) started its second season of Diamond and Pearl, subtitled "Battle Dimension" in the English dub. An English version of Shūkan Pokémon Hōsōkyoku has now been made, titled Pokémon Chronicles which premiered in the UK on Toonami on May 11, 2005 at 4:30 p.m. ET, and is currently airing the 10th season on YTV in Canada. Each season also brings forth a Pokémon feature-length film, and each film up until the seventh is preceded by a Pokémon animated short. Pokémon CD's have been released in conjunction with the anime. The tracks feature songs that have been shown in the English dubbed version of the anime. However, some CDs have been released to promote and profit the anime.

In Japan, both series are shown on TV Tokyo, with Diamond and Pearl airing on Thursday nights (previously Monday) and Pokémon Sunday on Sunday mornings. In the United States, Advanced Generation could previously be seen on the air on the now-defunct Kids' WB! cartoon block on Saturdays, but in April 2006, Kids WB, which continued on the CW Network until 2008, announced the fall schedule and Pokémon was nowhere to be seen, replaced by the WB-created series Legion of Super-Heroes. The rights for Battle Frontier were picked up by TimeWarner's corporate sibling Cartoon Network instead,[1][2] and aired on CN starting September 9, 2006 at 9 a.m. US ET/PT, with a special prime-time episode having been aired the night before (September 8 at 8:30 p.m. ET/PT, following the Pokémon Mystery Dungeon special. The fourth season of the Advanced Generation series, titled Battle Frontier has been airing in the United Kingdom from February 5, 2007, the show also airs in Canada. In addition, the series is also seen as such on the International Satellite Network.

Cartoon Network's India service, along with their Toonami UK service, also carries Pokémon episodes. As of October 9, 2006, Cartoon Network's online service, Toonami Jetstream, featured Pokémon episodes starting at the Orange League episode "The Pokémon Water War".

The newest series of Pokémon began airing in Japan on September 28, 2006 with a three-episode arc introducing the new series' main female character Dawn (known as Hikari in Japan), based on the playable female player in the games. The new series aired with a sneak preview on April 20, 2007 in the USA. The sneak preview aired on May 5 in Canada. A dubbed version of the 90-minute preview done in Japan, takes place in the Sinnoh region, based on the new Pokémon Diamond and Pearl games. The new series aired in prime time on Cartoon Network starting June 4 at 7:30 PM ET/PT as part of the Cartoon Network Summer 2007 programming promotion. Currently, it airs on Saturday mornings with newer episodes airing at 9:30 AM ET/PT. The summer run was confirmed in the Pokémon Ranger and the Temple of the Sea DVD released on April 2 of 2007. Pokémon Diamond and Pearl has also been airing on YTV in Canada since September 8, 2007. May will appear in the 76th episode for Wallace's contest. Max and Misty's statuses are still unknown (Though the latter's Seiyuu did hint at one point in her blog that Misty might be appearing in D/P). Dawn is taking their place, while a new rival for Ash, Paul, is also featured along with new villains such as the Pokémon Hunter J and Team Galactic.

In the UK the Kanto region episodes aired randomly on different channels, and most fans saw the Johto and Hoenn regions on Sky1 every weekend. Battle Frontier aired on Cartoon Network, and currently Pokemon Diamond and Pearl is airing in the UK following Battle Frontier. The CITV channel and ITV4 are currently repeating episodes of Diamond and Pearl everyday apart of Action Stations!. Battle Dimension has been confirmed in the UK, and has been airing on Jetix since September 6, 2008. This will be the new home for Pokemon in the UK.

The Pokémon series

The first series tells the story of Ash Ketchum (known as Satoshi in the Japanese version, he is named after Pokémon's creator, Satoshi Tajiri) and his quest to become a Pokémon Master. However, unlike in the video games, he is given a Pikachu as his first Pokémon under unusual circumstances. Much of the series focuses on the friendship between Ash, Pikachu, Misty, Brock, May, Max, Tracey, Dawn and the various Pokémon and Trainers along the way. Joining Ash on his adventures are Brock (known as Takeshi in Japan) who wants to become the world's best Pokemon breeder and Misty (Kasumi in Japan) who wants to be a water Pokemon trainer (Brock and Misty were gym leaders in the original pokemon game, and were in the anime too but were able to travel with Ash due to different circumstances).

The other two series continue to follow the adventures of Ash and his friends. However, starting with the Advanced Generation series a new main character named May (Haruka in Japan) travels with Ash, Brock and also her little brother Max (Masato in Japan) through the Hoenn region replacing Misty, and competes in Pokémon Contests, which are set up in a similar manner to Pokémon Gyms (many throughout the region, and ending with a large tournament), although immensely different.

Throughout the run of the show the subject matter changes. In the original series, the show is more comical and whimsical (light and airy). It uses "goofy" humor (or "cute" humor when it comes to Pikachu, who does wacky things in between important scenes). In the Advanced Generation series as Ash becomes more of a mature and leader-type character, the main course of the show becomes more serious, as it deals with love and death, and its previous comical nature (for the most part) changes into comic relief, attributed mostly to Team Rocket and Brock's love of girls, though the Diamond and Pearl series seems to have returned to using the original comical nature (mostly Ash being the straight man to his Pokémon's antics and Dawn taking the role of the naive beginner).

Series names

Like many anime metaseries, Pokémon!, Pokémon Advanced, and Pokémon Diamond and Pearl episodes are split up into smaller series for the English release, usually to denote the areas and adventures going on. Because of this, series are identified by the opening animation used for the episode, rather than a run of a fixed number of episodes. In certain places, the different series are considered different shows altogether, although they involve the same storylines and characters. To date there are 11 total series completed, three of such have aired in the United States.

Pokémon! (covers Kanto, the Orange Islands, and Johto)
Season Description # of Eps.
Pokemon! Covers the entire Kanto saga. Ash collects the eight regional gym badges and competes in the Pokémon League, finishing in the top sixteen. Ash got Pikachu in the first episode. Ash caught a Caterpie that evolved to Metapod and then to Butterfree (it was the first pokémon Ash ever caught. Ash trades it for a Raticate, but trades it back again). Later, Ash released it. Ash also caught a Pidgeotto that evolved to Pidgeot right before Ash released it, a Bulbasaur, a Charmander that evolved into Charmeleon and then to Charizard, a Kraby that evolved into Kingler in its first battle, a Primape but he gave it to a fighting pokémon trainer, a Muk and 30 Tauros. 83
The Orange Island Adventures Covers the Orange Archipelago saga. Tracey replaces Brock as a main character. Ash collects the four regional gym badges and competes in the Orange League, which he wins. 35
The Johto Journeys Covers from New Bark Town to Goldenrod City. Brock returns with Ash and Misty and travel to Johto to deliver the GS Ball to Kurt. Ash collects the first two gym badges to compete in the Silver Conference. 40
Johto League Champions Covers from Goldenrod City to Cianwood City. Ash collects the next three gym badges needed to compete in the Silver Conference. 52
Master Quest Covers from Cianwood City to Pallet Town. Ash collects the final three gym badges and competes in the Silver Conference, finishing in the top eight. Misty and Brock leave on their respective journeys, and Ash heads to Hoenn with only Pikachu. 64
Advanced Generation (covers Hoenn and Kanto)
Season Description # of Eps.
Advanced Covers from Littleroot Town to Mauville City. Ash is joined by May, a new trainer who wishes to compete in Pokémon Contests in order to enter the Grand Festival. They are also joined by May's brother Max, and Brock (Ash's second longest human friend throughout the anime). Ash collects the first three gym badges needed for the Hoenn League. 40
Advanced Challenge Covers from Mauville City to Lilycove City. Ash collects the next three gym badges needed to compete in the Hoenn League. May wins three contests. Misty visits the group in Episode 44. 52
Advanced Battle Covers from Lilycove City to Saffron City. Ash collects the final two gym badges and competes in the Hoenn League, finishing in the top eight. May wins her final two contests and competes in the Grand Festival, finishing in the top eight. Ash decides to challenge the Battle Frontier, located in Kanto, while May decides to compete in the Kanto Pokémon Contests. Ash collects one Frontier Symbol and May wins one Kanto contest. Misty temporarily accompanies them to Mt. Moon. 53
Battle Frontier Covers from Saffron City to Pallet Town. Ash collects the final six Frontier Symbols and defeats the Battle Frontier. May wins her final four contests and competes in the Kanto Grand Festival, finishing in the top four. Ash goes to Sinnoh with just Pikachu and Aipom. May and Max return to Petalburg Gym. May travels to Johto, but Max remains in Hoenn. Brock returns to Pewter City. 49
Diamond and Pearl (covers Sinnoh)
Season Description # of Eps.
Diamond and Pearl Covers from Twinleaf Town to Hearthome City. Ash is joined by Dawn, a new trainer who wants to compete in Pokémon Super-Contests and enter the Sinnoh Grand Festival. Brock also returns to the group. Ash meets rivals Paul and Nando. Dawn meets rivals Nando, Zoey and her rival/friend Kenny. Ash and Co. meet Hunter J and her attempts at stealing Pokémon. Ash wins the first two badges needed to compete in the Sinnoh League and Dawn wins one ribbon. Ash caught a Turtwig, a Starly which evolves into a Staravia, and a Chimchar which Paul releases. Dawn chooses Piplup as her starter Pokémon, and catches a Buneary, Pachirisu and a Buizel. Brock's Bonsly evolved into a Sudowoodo, he caught a Croagunk, and the egg won in the Pokémon dress contest hatched into a Happiny. 52
Diamond And Pearl Battle Dimension Covers from Hearthome City to Celestic Town. James gives his cacnea to Gardenia. Ash & Co. meet Team Galactic. Ash trades with Dawn her Buizel with his Aipom and later, Dawn's Aipom evolves into Ambipom. Jessie wins her first ribbon at the Solaceon Contest. Ash catches a Gligar. Ash beats Veilstone city gym leader, Maylene. Jessie releases her Dustox so that it can mate with a shiny dustox. May returns in the 76th Episode and travels with the group to the Wallace Cup Competition. Dawn beats May in the Wallace Cup Ribbon. Jessie gets a Yanma which evolves into Yanmega in the same episode. Ash goes on to beat Crasher Wake, Gym Leader of Pastoria City, Dawn catches a Swinub and Ash's Gligar evolves into a Gliscor. 43 (as of May 28, 2024, 25 episodes have aired in the US)
TBA Covers from Celestic Town onwards. Ash & Co. meet Team Galactic's other commanders and the leader, Cyrus. Ash and his friends meet Aaron from the Elite Four. Ash's Turtwig evolves into Grotle while battling Paul's Honchkrow. 5+

Pokémon Chronicles

Main article: Pokémon Chronicles

Pokémon Chronicles, known in Japan as Shūkan Pokémon Hōsōkyoku (週間ポケモン放送局 "Weekly Pokémon broadcast"), is a closely related spin-off series that airs concurrently with the beginning part of Pokémon: Advanced Generation. The main episodes are stories that star various recurring characters that appeared in Pokémon, some of which account for discontinuities of the plot of Pokémon: Advanced Generation. However, instead of new episodes each week, as is the case with Pokémon: Advanced Generation, other things may air during Pokémon Chronicles, such as reruns of Pokémon episodes, television airings of the Pokémon movies, cast interviews, and live action footage.

Pokémon Sunday

Pokémon Sunday (Japanese: ポケモン☆サンデー) debuted on TV Tokyo on October 3, 2004. The show is the successor to the Pocket Monsters Encore and the Weekly Pokémon Broadcasting Station. Like the shows before it, Pokémon Sunday is a sort of variety show featuring reruns of old episodes as well as a number of 'Research' episodes involving live-action elements.

Anime films

During each season of the main series, a Pokémon feature film (劇場版ポケットモンスター, Gekijōban Poketto Monsutā, Pocket Monsters the Movie), starring the main characters from the TV series has been released. As of 2007, there have been ten movies and one feature length TV broadcast (released outside Japan as a direct-to-video movie titled "Mewtwo Returns"), the eleventh is scheduled to be released in July 19, 2008 in Japan. The plot of every movie has involved an encounter with a Legendary Pokémon, although some may not conform to a strict definition of the word. The movies are also used to promote brand new Pokémon that are supposed to be in new versions of the game.

The Pokémon movies are also coupled with a short movie starring Ash and Co. pokémon. Each movie until the seventh is preceded by the animated shorts. The shorts are: Pikachu's Summer Vacation, Pikachu's Rescue Adventure, Pikachu and Pichu, Pikachu's Pikaboo, Camp Pikachu, and Gotta Dance.

Movie Japanese Title English Title Release Date (JP/US) Legendary Pokémon Link
1 Mewtwo Strikes Back
ミュウツーの逆襲		 Mewtwo Strikes Back July 18, 1998
November 10, 1999		 Mew
Mewtwo		 [3]
2 Revelation Lugia
幻のポケモン ルギア爆誕		 The Power of One July 17, 1999
July 21, 2000		 Articuno
Zapdos
Moltres
Lugia		 [4]
3 Lord of the Unknown Tower: Entei
結晶塔の帝王 ENTEI		 Spell of the Unknown July 08, 2000
April 06, 2001		 Entei [5]
4 Celebi: A Timeless Encounter
セレビィ　時を超えた遭遇		 Celebi: Voice of the Forest July 07, 2001
October 11, 2002		 Celebi
Suicune		 [6]
5 Guardians of the Water Capital: Latias and Latios
水の都の護神 ラティアスとラティオス		 Heroes: Latios and Latias July 13, 2002
May 16, 2003		 Latios
Latias		 [7]
6 Wishing Star of the Seven Nights
七夜の願い星 ジラーチ		 Jirachi Wishmaker July 19, 2003
June 01, 2004		 Jirachi
Groudon		 [8]
7 Sky-Splitting Visitor: Deoxys
裂空の訪問者 デオキシス		 Destiny Deoxys July 22, 2004
January 22, 2005		 Rayquaza
Deoxys		 [9]
8 Mew and the Wave Guiding Hero: Lucario
ミュウと波導の勇者　ルカリオ		 Lucario and the Mystery of Mew July 16, 2005
September 19, 2006		 Mew
Ho-Oh
Regirock
Registeel
Regice		 [10]
9 Pokémon Ranger and the Prince of the Sea: Manaphy
ポケモンレンジャーと蒼海の王子 マナフィ		 Pokémon Ranger and the Temple of the Sea July 15, 2006
March 23, 2007		 Kyogre
Manaphy		 [11]
10 Dialga versus Palkia versus Darkrai
ディアルガVSパルキアVSダークライ		 The Rise of Darkrai July 14, 2007
February 24, 2008		 Dialga
Palkia
Darkrai		 [12]
11 Giratina to Sora no Hanataba: Sheimi
ギラティナと氷空の花束 シェイミ		 Giratina and the Sky's Bouquet July 19, 2008 Giratina
Regigigas
Shaymin
Dialga
Palkia		 [13]

Pokémon specials

Once in a while there would be other animated material that does not fit in with the main series or the movies.

The Birth of Mewtwo/The Origin of Mewtwo
An animated adaptation of the "Birth of Mewtwo" radio drama, which was later attached to the beginning of the first movie for the Japanese video release. A small 3 minute heavily edited version was released on the US version DVDs, while the full uncut version was made available on the Mewtwo Returns DVD
Slowking's Day
A short featuring Slowking. It was never released outside of Japan, most likely due to it only being a few minutes long.
Pokémon: Mewtwo Returns
A made for television special that followed up on Mewtwo after the events of the first movie.
Raikou: Legend of Thunder
A made for television special that showcased the legendary Raikou, as well as brand new trainers. It became the first three episodes of Pokémon Chronicles. This was based on the release of Pokémon Crystal and is called as such in the Japanese title.
Pikachu's Winter Vacation
A series of winter theme Pikachu-centered shorts that went directly to video. The first two were part of the Pokémon Chronicles series. This was the only Pokémon DVD not released by Viz Video but rather 4Kids' normal way of releasing DVDs, being released by 4Kids and FUNimation.
Pikachu's Summer Festival
A short that premiered on ANA flights.
Pikachu's Ghost Carnival
The second short premiered on ANA flights.
Pikachu's Mischievous Island (a/k/a "Pikachu's Island Adventure")
The third short premiered on ANA flights, and was released in the Pokémon Ranger and the Temple of the Sea DVD in the USA.
Pokémon 3D Adventure: Find Mew!
A Pokémon 3D short that was shown as the PokéPark in Japan in 2005.
Pokémon 3D Adventure: Pikachu's Big Undersea Adventure
The second Pokémon 3D short, shown when PokéPark was in Taiwan in 2006.
The Mastermind of Mirage Pokémon
An hour-long TV special commemorating the tenth-anniversary of Pokémon in the United States. It features a variety of Pokémon as artificial and stronger "mirages", including a supposedly "most powerful" Pokémon creation. Pokémon shown to be mirages were Mew, Kabutops, Omastar, Armaldo, Aggron, Aerodactyl, Houndoom, Absol, Mightyena, Machoke, Machamp, Ursaring, Magnemite, Entei, Articuno, Zapdos, and Mewtwo.
Pokémon Mystery Dungeon: Team Go-Getters Out Of The Gate!
A special anime based on the new video games which was shown on Cartoon Network in the USA September 8, 2006. The main characters in this special are a boy who was turned into a Squirtle, who formed a team with a naturally born Charmander and Chikorita.
Pokémon Mystery Dungeon: Time and Darkness Exposition
A sequel to the anime special based on the new video games prior to the Japanese release. The English version was shown on Action Stations! in the UK on July 18, 2008. The USA airing was on September 1, 2008 (Labor Day in the U.S.) on Cartoon Network.

Characters

Main article: List of Pokémon anime characters

English names are given before the Japanese names in Western order (given name before surname), when possible. All Japanese names, unless otherwise noted, are romanized from katakana. For the sake of simplicity, English language names will be used in this and other articles in Wikipedia about Pokémon, unless explicitly referring to the Japanese version.

Current Main characters

Name Description
Ash Ketchum (Satoshi) He is one of the main characters in the series. Ash dreams of being the greatest Pokémon Master in the world. His surname is a pun on catch'em. Ash's current pokemon that are with him are Pikachu, Staravia, Turtwig, Chimchar, Buizel, and Gliscor.
Pikachu Ash's very first Pokémon and best friend. It has always stuck by Ash through thick and thin.
Dawn (Hikari) New heroine when Ash comes to Sinnoh, she dreams of being a great coordinator like her mother. She was the first girl that was with Ash temporarily to bond with her starter pokemon before she caught it. Dawn has a habit of saying "no need to worry" ("daijōbu" in the Japanese version) constantly, which has the reverse effect on her mother. She is based on the playable character in Pokémon Diamond and Pearl. She currently has a Piplup, Buneary, Pachirisu, and Ambipom. She recently caught a Swinub in Episode 84. Before she caught the Swinub we found out it enjoyed eating Dawn's poffins.
Brock (Takeshi) Former Pewter Gym leader, he dreams of being the world's best Pokémon breeder, and is Ash's longest lasting human traveling partner, having only been absent from most of Season 2. He also falls in love with most women he sees, mostly Nurse Joy and Officer Jenny, and in the Diamond and Pearl generation, his Croagunk would occasionally snap him out of it using Poison Jab and drag him away like Misty and Max did. He also currently owns a Sudowoodo, Croagunk and Happiny.

Former Main characters

Name Description
Misty (Kasumi) Ash's first traveling friend, who journeyed with him throughout the first five seasons. Misty loves water Pokémon and is currently the Cerulean City gym leader. She was the first female protagonist on the show. Her dream is to be the world's greatest "Water Pokémon Master." During the first episode, Ash borrowed Misty's bicycle, which was subsequently damaged by one of Pikachu's powerful electric attacks. Misty followed Ash on his journey, frequently commenting that her reason for doing so was that she wanted her bike back. After the first season ends, it appears that she forgets about her bike and becomes a genuine friend and traveling companion to Ash. Through the course of the first two series and the second movie, it becomes clear after several hints that she has a crush on Ash. In a later season, she rejoins Ash temporarily in the Hoenn region for a Togepi Festival where her Togepi evolves into Togetic. She then leaves Togetic to help protect the other Togepi. She waits for Ash at his house after the Hoenn League and travels with his group to Mount Moon, where she returns to the Cerulean Gym.
Tracey Sketchit (Kenji) One of Ash's traveling friends throughout the Orange Islands, Tracey is a Pokémon watcher, and is currently Professor Oak's assistant. His surname is a pun on sketch it.
May (Haruka) A traveling friend of Ash and older sister of Max. Also, she is now Dawn's new rival. May started her journey hoping to participate in gym battles with Ash but soon found she liked Pokémon Contests better. She left after Battle Frontier to compete in contests in Johto with her three rivals: Drew, Soledad, and Harley, although she meets Ash and Brock again in Sinnoh sometime later and rejoins the team temporarily.
Max (Masato) May's little brother, Max is an intelligent little boy, and is now back with his parents in Petalburg City, where he will soon begin his own journey.

Villains

Team Rocket

Team Rocket (Roketto-Dan) is an evil organization led by Giovanni. They have operations in Kanto and Johto. However, they have not set up permanent operations in Hoenn and Sinnoh, meaning Jessie, James and Meowth are the only operatives there.

Name Description
Giovanni (Sakaki) The evil mastermind behind Team Rocket, is never without his Persian by his side, though it never seems to fight. Was also the 8th Gym Leader of Kanto, as the Gym Leader of the Viridian City Gym.
Jessie and James (Musashi and Kojiro) A duo of Team Rocket, they try to capture Pikachu but always lose. They and Meowth have appeared in every episode except the first one. Team Rocket also starts saying a new motto in the Diamond & Pearl series of the anime; the English translation changed along with the Japanese version. Their characters have changed significantly since the beginning of the series, as they are more of a comic relief now instead of the prominent villains they were in the beginning of the series. These characters were created for the show and did not appear in the original games (though they were inserted into the Yellow version, which incorporated a few elements from the show).
Meowth (Nyāsu) The main Pokémon of Jessie and James. He has the ability to talk and walk like humans and thinks for himself, rather than following orders like other Pokémon. He used to be Giovanni's favorite, but his constant failure caused him to be replaced by the Persian.
Cassidy and Butch (Yamato and Kosaburō) Jessie & James' rivals in Team Rocket, Cassidy and Butch are much more cunning when it comes to stealing Pokémon. As a running gag, Butch's name is often mispronounced, causing him to correct the mistake angrily.
Professor Namba One of Team Rocket's scientists, Cassidy and Butch usually do work for, and report to, him. A running gag with Namba is that his name, like Butch's, is often misremembered or mispronounced, and he shows up on screen to make the correction angrily, even when not present at the story location.

Team Magma

Team Magma (Maguma-Dan) is an evil organization recurring within the Pokémon: Advance generation series, led by the evil Maxie. Seemingly the goal of Team Magma is to release the beast of the earth, Groudon onto the world, creating new lands and eliminating water as it did millions of years ago. The Pokémon they used were fire-type, usually Houndoom and Mightyena, even some Golbat. The goals and ambitions are the same as their counteracting rivals Team Aqua, however the two teams despise each other. The two teams have been reported to be no more.

Name Description
Maxie (Matsuba) Maxie was the head of Team Magma.
Tabitha (Homura) Maxie's second-in-command. Like many members of Team Magma, he has a Mightyena at his side. Was known as Harlan in his first English appearance due to a dub error.
Brody (Bannai) Brody is another member. He is a master of disguise (along with his personal Ditto) and is known as "a man with a thousand faces". When Team Magma disbanded, Brody began to operate independently as "The Phantom Thief".

Team Aqua

Team Aqua (Akua-Dan) is an evil organization recurring within the Pokémon: Advance generation series, led by the evil Archie. Seemingly the goal of Team Aqua is to release the beast of the sea, Kyogre onto the world, flooding it with ocean as it did millions of years ago. The Pokémon they used were water-type, usually Crawdaunt and Walrein. The goals and ambitions are the same as their counteracting rivals Team Magma, however the two teams despise each other. The two teams have been reported to be no more.

Name Description
Archie (Aogiri) Archie was the head of Team Aqua.
Shelly (Izumi) Archie's second-in-command. She had a Carvanha by her side at one time. Was known as Isabel in her first English appearance, due to a dub error.

Team Galactic

Team Galactic (Ginga-Dan) is an evil organization recurring within the Diamond & Pearl series; their plot is to rule the galaxy and capture the legendary Pokémon in Sinnoh.

Name Description
Saturn A male Commander for Team Galactic, he makes a cameo appearance in the episode "A Secret Sphere of Influence", along with two Galactic grunts. He, along with the two grunts, commented that Jessie and James did a lousy job at stealing the Adamant Orb for them. In one episode, he had a Bronzor and Toxicroak by his side, using it to search through old ruins with the same two grunts and battling.
Boss Cyrus The boss of Team Galactic. Although he was never shown in the anime or the name "Boss Cyrus" or "Cyrus" used, Saturn said "Boss; meaning "Boss Cyrus", people with the games Pokemon Diamond or Pokemon Pearl would easily know that "boss" meant "Boss Cyrus".
Mars 
 A female commander for team Galactic,she makes a appearance in DP096, along with a few Galactic

Grunts,joining Saturn and Jupitar on the steal of the orbs. She got a Bronzor and Purugly on her side, using it for battling in the Celestic Town Museum. 

Another female commander, Jupitar appears in the same episode as Mars but she has a Stunktank on her team

Other

Name Description
Hunter J An evil Pokémon hunter who captures and sells Pokémon for money. She uses a Drapion, an Ariados, and a Salamence. In one episode, she and the other Pokémon hunters try to steal four ancient Shieldon, but fails because of Ash, his old rival Gary Oak, and his other friends' safety.

Recurring characters

Main article: List of Pokémon anime characters
Name Description
Professor Samuel Oak (Yukinari Okido-hakase) A Pokémon researcher. He is often considered the leading Pokémon expert, often giving lectures to Pokémon academies and hosting a radio show in Goldenrod City. It is also stated that he reads Pokémon poetry on his TV show. Alongside his research, he is also authorized by the Pokémon League to give new trainers one of the three Kanto starter Pokémon: Bulbasaur, Charmander, and Squirtle. It was a special condition in which Ash obtained Pikachu from Professor Oak. He also was Celebi's rescuer, and became a friend of Ash, in Pokémon: 4 Ever, after being pulled from the past with Celebi (Oak was a kid at the time, and Ash never found out that it was him).
Professor Felina Ivy (Dr. Uchikido) A Pokémon researcher. Professor Ivy is first heard of in the second season of the Pokémon anime. Just after Ash Ketchum has competed in the Pokémon League, Professor Oak asks him to travel to the Orange Archipelago region and retrieve a strange Pokéball from local Pokémon expert Professor Ivy. Ash and his friends Misty and Brock make their way to Valencia Island and meet the Professor and her triplet assistants.
Professor Elm (Utsugi-hakase) A Pokémon researcher and was one of Professor Oak's students. He is authorized by the Pokémon League to give new trainers one of the three Johto starter Pokémon: Chikorita, Cyndaquil, and Totodile. Professor Elm often gets so caught up in his work he forgets to do many things. He also tends to run his mouth off when talking about his work.
Professor Birch (Odamaki-hakase) A Pokémon researcher, known for his field work. He is authorized by the Pokémon League to give new trainers one of the three Hoenn starter Pokémon: Treecko, Torchic, and Mudkip.
Professor Rowan (Nanakamado-hakase) A Pokémon researcher. He worked along with Prof. Oak teaching Prof. Elm, and often has to remind Oak to stop making poetry. He is authorized by the Pokémon League to give new trainers one of the three Sinnoh starter Pokémon: Turtwig, Chimchar, and Piplup.
Paul (Shinji) Ash's new rival in Diamond & Pearl. He is a considerably strong trainer who has traveled through Kanto, Johto, and Hoenn and is quite arrogant and unfriendly. He respects only trainers he considers stronger than himself and has little tolerance for capturing and raising Pokémon he deems weak.He is selfish and insensitive though he is not classified evil.Just a nasty trainer so he might be described as an anti-hero.
Officer Jenny (Junsā): A family of police officers (all of whom are named Jenny) Like the various Nurse Joys, it is difficult to tell one Officer Jenny from another. Also like the Joys, Brock has no difficulty telling them apart. By freeze-framing scenes in the anime with the various Officer Jennys, one will notice that each Jenny in a different town/city has a different gold badge on her hat. Exceptions to this occur in areas with very warm or cold climates, such as the Orange Islands. The Japanese name, junsā, means "police officer". Most Officer Jenny's own a Growlithe. Though they've been seen with other Pokémon such as Wobbuffet or Spinarak.
Nurse Joy (Jōi) A family of Pokémon nurses (all of which are named Joy, like Jenny.) Because of their identical appearance, it is often difficult to tell one Nurse Joy from another, (with the exception of one tanned, muscular Joy in the Orange Islands) except those that live in areas that require unique outfits, such as very warm or cold climates. Brock, however, has no difficulty telling them apart. This is most likely a homage to the games which used the same nurse sprite for each Pokémon Center the player visited. In Pokémon Red and Blue, the nurse sprite is a generic long-haired woman, but later games after that feature a sprite that looks very similar to Nurse Joy. There is one Joy who is not only a nurse, but also an agent of the Pokémon Inspection Agency (responsible for certifying Gyms); she appears in an episode of Pokémon Chronicles and in Episode 042: Showdown! Pokémon Gym!. Also there is a Joy who is a doctor who wears glasses. They also act as Judges at Pokémon Contests and at the Grand Festival. The Japanese name, jōi, is from joi which means "female doctor". Nurse Joy are usually the owners of Chansey and Blissey.
Gary Oak (Shigeru) Longtime rival with one of the series main heroes, Ash Ketchum. Stubborn, brash, and certainly anything but humble, Gary's goal and ambition was to be number one at whatever he set his goal on. However, due to his brash and arrogant attitude, Gary Oak would often be met with failure in such big tournaments such as the Indigo Pokémon League, and The Johto Silver Conference. After losing to said rival Ash Ketchum, Gary Oak decided to pursue an active career in the footsteps of his grandfather, a Pokémon Professor. In Pokémon Chronicles, Gary revived an Aerodactyl. Later, in the last episode of Pokémon Battle Frontier, he challenged Ash to a battle with his new Pokémon.
Drew (Shuu (シュウ, Shū)) One of May's rivals. He initially belittles May, though compliments her Pokémon, and comes across as arrogant and confidant. Drew is a skilled coordinator, notably possessing a Roserade and a Masquerain as his contest Pokémon. He eventually comes to respect May as a worthy rival and eventually invites to her join him and travel to the contests in the Johto region.
Harley Another of May's rivals, who dresses to resemble a Cacturne. Unlike Drew, Harley is quick to take offence and is exceedingly arrogant (a flaw that ends up causing him to slip up when he is ahead thus the cause of his undoing); he is also seen as somewhat creepy by a combination of his stuck up attitude and weird mannerisms. However, instead of openly voicing his offence, he resorts to cruel trickery and underhanded tactics in order to sabotage May as revenge for what he sees as insults on her part under a guise of friendliness and kindness. While May usually falls for his plots because of her forgiving nature each time he tells her he has reformed, her luck and determination to beat him allow her to pull through. Harley is also very quick to hold a grudge as his rivalry with May was apparently caused by May's sarcastic compliments towards his cookies.
Delia Ketchum (Hanako) Mother to one of the heroes of said series. Delia Ketchum seems to more often than not play an active role in teaming with Professor Oak to make sure that problems are resolved. Delia is a kind gentle woman, however she often scolds Ash for his reckless behavior when he often puts himself in dangerous situations. Delia herself has a Pokémon/house keeper in the form of Mr. Mime. One of the running gags of the series (in the early episodes of the English dub only) involves Delia reminding Ash to change his undergarments every time they speak.
Johanna (Ayako) Dawn's mother, who was once a top coordinator but then decided to start a family. She is also based on the protagonist's mother in Pokémon Diamond and Pearl, who actually appears in the game's Pokémon Contests opposing the player's Pokémon. She owns a Glameow.
Zoey (Nozomi) One of Dawn's rivals. She is a skilled coordinator and is friendly towards Dawn and her friends. She shows dislike to people who take part in both Contests and Gym Battles and has shown her annoyance to both Ash and Nando. One of her Pokémon is a Glameow.
Kenny (Kengo) Another of Dawn's rivals. He is an old childhood friend who left home on his journey soon before Dawn. Like Dawn, he chose Piplup as his starter, and has evolved it into Prinplup.
Nando (Naoshi) One of Dawn's rivals. Nando chooses to take part in both Contests and Gym Battles. He is a bard and is usually found carrying a harp with a Mew on.
Richie (Hiroshi) After meeting in the Indigo Pokémon League tournament Ash and Richie soon became friends. With similarities glaringly obvious to Ash in appearance, Richie's humble attitude and responsible demeanor set him aside from Ash. After a close, but heated match between the two at Indigo Stadium, Ash and Richie vowed to both become Pokémon Masters. The two cross paths again, and a couple of shows even focus on Richie himself as he too journeys to keep his promise to Ash of becoming a Pokémon Master.
Todd/Snap (Tōru) Todd is a young photographer who once tried to take a picture of Pikachu, but failed due to the others mistaking his camera's extension for a gun. He then joins the group for three episodes, and rejoins them for the Articuno miniseries for Johto League Champions. He is most likely based on the character from the game Pokémon Snap, whose main character shares the same name.
Jigglypuff (Purin) A pink balloon-like Pokémon who loves to sing its lullaby. Ash and friends meet this Pokémon on the 1st season episode "The Song of Jigglypuff". They helped Jigglypuff bring back its confidence and ability to sing, but when that happened, whenever this Pokémon sang its lullaby everyone would fall asleep, which makes this Pokémon very mad. Jigglypuff took the microphone pen in Ash's bag, and used it on Pokémon and people who fell asleep while she's singing, as she drew funny scribbles on their faces. This Pokémon decided to have its own journey to find someone who will not fall asleep from her lullaby. This Pokémon had appeared in some episodes from Season 2-9, but hasn't yet been seen in Pokémon Diamond and Pearl. The only Pokémon who doesn't fall asleep from her song is Whismur and its evolutions, because of its Soundproof ability. Jigglypuff's movie appearances were quite short, it's seen on Pikachu's Vacation with Chansey riding in a balloon. In the 4th and 5th Pokémon movie openings, which were narrated by Brock, she's singing alongside a Porygon and Voltorb; it was her because she's the only Jigglypuff carrying Ash's microphone pen. She has not been seen since the episode "A PokeBlock Party" in Advanced.

Voice cast

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