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{{Infobox Former Country
'''Paladar''' (plural: paladares) is the popular name given to a small, family-run, private-owned restaurant in [[Cuba]]. The Cuban [[socialist]] government allows families to start and keep control of these small businesses in exchange for very high taxes. Paladares are limited to 12 seats only (although they usually have more than that) and must cook local food, such as rice and bean, pork and seafood.
| conventional_long_name = Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations
| common_name = Rhode Island
| continent = North America
| region = New England
| country = United States
| status gfdvdhr
| empire = England yipeeeeeeeeee
| s1 = Rhode Island
| flag_s1 = Flag of Rhode Island.svg
| government_type = Republic
| title_representative = [[List of colonial governors of Rhode Island|Governor]]
| capital = [[Providence, Rhode Island|Providence]], [[Rhode Island]]
| common_languages = [[English language|English]]
| religion = [[Christian]], [[Jewish]], [[Secular]]
| year_start = 1636
| year_end = 1790
| event1 = Foundation
| year_event1 = 1637
| event2 = Charter
| year_event2 = 1644
| event3 = Coddington Commission
| year_event3 = 1651–1653
| event4 = Royal Charter
| date_event4 = 1663
| event5 = Part of the [[Dominion of New England]]
| date_event5 = 1686–1688
| event6 = Ratification of [[Constitution of the United States of America]]
| date_event6 = 1790
| image_coat = Sin escudo.svg
| symbol_type = Seal
| symbol = Seal of Rhode Island
| image_map =
| image_map_caption =
}}


'''Providence Plantation''' was founded in 1636 by [[Roger Williams (theologian)|Roger Williams]], a theologian, independent preacher, and linguist on land gifted by the [[Narragansett]] sachem [[Canonicus]]. Roger Williams, fleeing from religious persecution in the [[Massachusetts Bay Colony]], agreed with his fellow settlers on an egalitarian constitution providing for majority rule "in civil things" and "liberty of conscience".
The paladares are known for the simplicity and authenticity of their food and for having very good prices compared to the good quality of the food. They don't have particular names or even plates at their doors to inform passers-by that they exist. Being owned by poor families, they also have little to no [[advertisement]]. Some paladares use the services of "guides", people who receive a commission for bringing new customers to the place. These people usually approach tourists and offer themselves to "guide" them to nice off-track places, such as the paladar for which they work.


In 1637, the [[Baptist]] leader [[Anne Hutchinson]] purchased land on [[Aquidneck Island]] from the Native Americans, settling in Pocasset, now known as [[Portsmouth, Rhode Island|Portsmouth]], [[Rhode Island]]. With her came her husband, William, [[William Coddington]] and [[John Clarke (1609-1676)|John Clarke]], among others. Other neighboring settlements of refugees followed, which all formed a loose alliance. However, they sought recognition together as an English colony in 1643, in response to threats to their independence. The revolutionary [[Long Parliament]] in London granted a charter in March 1644. The colonists refused to have a governor, but set up an elected "president" and council.
==History==

Private owned small restaurants have always existed in Cuba, even during the socialist rule of [[Fidel Castro]]. Until the 1990's they were illegal, but the fall of the [[USSR]] and consequent economic crisis in Cuba forced the local government to make the economic reforms of 1993. One of the items in these reforms was the legalization of private owned restaurants. Even with the very high taxes demanded by the Cuban authorities, the paladares grew in number, thanks to the number of [[tourists]] visiting the country and the honesty of the food that is served.
The colony was very progressive for its time, passing laws abolishing [[witchcraft trials]], imprisonment for debt, most [[capital punishment]], and on [[March 18]] [[1652]], [[chattel slavery]] of both blacks and whites.<ref>[http://www.chroniclesofamerica.com/pilgrims-puritans/rhode_island_and_roger_williams.htm "Rhode Island and Roger Williams" in ''Chronicles of America'']</ref><ref>Lauber, Almon Wheeler, ''Indian Slavery in Colonial Times Within the Present Limits of the United States.'' New York: Columbia University, 1913. [http://www.dinsdoc.com/lauber-1-5.htm Chapter 5]. HTML version accessed from [Dinsmore Documentation] See also the Rhode Island Historical Society [http://www.rihs.org/faqatt.htm FAQ].</ref>

In 1651, [[William Coddington]] obtained a separate charter from England setting up the so-called Coddington Commission, which made Coddington life governor of the islands of Rhode Island and Conanicut in a federation with [[Connecticut Colony]] and [[Massachusetts Bay Colony]]. Protest, open rebellion and a further petition to [[Oliver Cromwell]] in London, led in 1653 to the reinstatement of the original charter.<ref>''A Chronological History of Remarkable Events, in the Settlement and Growth of Providence.'' Rhode Island 1844 accessed at [http://www.rootsweb.com/~rigenweb/1844prov1.html The USGenWeb Project]</ref>

After the English revolutionary government was overturned in 1660, it was necessary to gain a [[Royal Charter]] from the new king, [[Charles II of England]]. Charles was then a Catholic sympathizer in staunchly-Protestant England, and approved the colony's promise of religious freedom. He granted the request in 1663, giving the '''Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations''' an elected governor and legislature. In the following years many persecuted groups settled in the colony, notably [[Quakers]] and [[Jews]]. The second synagogue in North America was built in Newport in 1763 - the first having been built in 1729 in what would become New York City. (Source: Gaustad and Schmidt, The Religious History of America, 2002, pp. 71, 76)

The colony was amalgamated into the [[Dominion of New England]] in 1686, as [[James II of England]] attempted to enforce royal authority over the autonomous colonies in [[British North America]]. It appears that from this time many of the progressive laws were abolished or ignored, including those against [[slavery]]. After the [[Glorious Revolution]] of 1688, the colony regained its independence under the Royal Charter.

The bedrock of the economy continued to be agriculture, especially dairy farming, and fishing. Lumber and shipbuilding also became major industries. Ironically, the colony later prospered under the slave trade, by distilling rum to sell in Africa as part of a profitable [[triangular trade]] in slaves and sugar with the [[Caribbean]].<ref>[http://www.projo.com/extra/2006/slavery/day1/ "The Unrighteous Traffick", in ''The Providence Journal'' Sunday, [[March 12]] [[2006]].]</ref>

[[Rhode Island]] was the first of the thirteen colonies to renounce its allegiance to the British Crown, on [[May 4]], [[1776]]. It was also the last colony of the thirteen colonies to ratify the [[United States Constitution]].

Rhode Island covers about 1,214 square miles. The terrain is mostly flat with no mountains. Some historians think the name owes its origins to Italian explorer [[Giovanni da Verrazzano]], who upon discovering nearby (present-day) [[Block Island]] named it Rhode Island because of its similarity in shape to the Greek island of [[Rhodes]]. Others attribute it to a corruption of the Dutch ''Roode Eyland'' ("red island"). {{Fact|date=January 2008}}


named the colony Providence, believing that God had brought him and his followers there. Williams named the other islands in the Narragansett Bay after virtues: [[Patience Island]], [[Prudence Island]] and [[Hope Island (Rhode Island)|Hope Island]].[http://lighthouse.cc/prudence/history.html]

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

==See also==
*[[State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations]]
*[[Touro Synagogue]]
*[[Roger Williams (theologian)|Roger Williams]]
*[[List of colonial governors of Rhode Island]]
*[[Dominion of New England]]


==Origin of the name==
Paladares have their name after the 1988 [[Brazil|Brazilian]] [[soap opera]] "Vale Tudo", one of the biggest TV audiences ever in Cuba. In this story, Raquel Accioly, mother of the villain Maria de Fátima, moves to [[Rio de Janeiro]] after her daughter had sold their house in the country and left her almost [[homeless]]. She starts to make a living by selling sandwiches on the beaches of Rio. After much struggle she manages to open her own business, a restaurant called Paladar ([[Portuguese]] for taste, flavor). The association with the Cuban reality was immediate and people started calling their own restaurants Paladar.
==External links==
==External links==
*[http://www.rilin.state.ri.us/RhodeIslandHistory/ Rhode Island History] from the [http://www.rilin.state.ri.us/ State of Rhode Island General Assembly Web Site]
*[http://www.cuba-junky.com/cuba/cuba-paladars.htm] Cuba Junky - A guide to Cuba.

*[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0149539] IMDB website with information on the soap opera Vale Tudo.
{{13colonies}}
*[http://memoriaglobo.globo.com/Memoriaglobo/0,27723,GYN0-5273-224151,00.html] - Memória Globo - Information on Brazil's Globo TV soap operas, in Portuguese.

[[Category:Former British colonies]]
⚫
[[Category:British North America]]
[[Category:Thirteen Colonies]]


[[fr:Colonie de Rhode Island et des plantations de Providence]]
⚫
[[Category:Cuban cuisine]]
[[no:Rhode Island-kolonien og Providence-plantasjene]]

Revision as of 16:58, 13 October 2008

Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations
1636–1790
CapitalProvidence, Rhode Island
Common languagesEnglish
Religion
Christian, Jewish, Secular
GovernmentRepublic
Governor 
History 
• Established
1636
• Royal Charter
1663
• Part of the Dominion of New England
1686–1688
1790
• Disestablished
1790
 Succeeded by
Rhode Island

Providence Plantation was founded in 1636 by Roger Williams, a theologian, independent preacher, and linguist on land gifted by the Narragansett sachem Canonicus. Roger Williams, fleeing from religious persecution in the Massachusetts Bay Colony, agreed with his fellow settlers on an egalitarian constitution providing for majority rule "in civil things" and "liberty of conscience".

In 1637, the Baptist leader Anne Hutchinson purchased land on Aquidneck Island from the Native Americans, settling in Pocasset, now known as Portsmouth, Rhode Island. With her came her husband, William, William Coddington and John Clarke, among others. Other neighboring settlements of refugees followed, which all formed a loose alliance. However, they sought recognition together as an English colony in 1643, in response to threats to their independence. The revolutionary Long Parliament in London granted a charter in March 1644. The colonists refused to have a governor, but set up an elected "president" and council.

The colony was very progressive for its time, passing laws abolishing witchcraft trials, imprisonment for debt, most capital punishment, and on March 18 1652, chattel slavery of both blacks and whites.[1][2]

In 1651, William Coddington obtained a separate charter from England setting up the so-called Coddington Commission, which made Coddington life governor of the islands of Rhode Island and Conanicut in a federation with Connecticut Colony and Massachusetts Bay Colony. Protest, open rebellion and a further petition to Oliver Cromwell in London, led in 1653 to the reinstatement of the original charter.[3]

After the English revolutionary government was overturned in 1660, it was necessary to gain a Royal Charter from the new king, Charles II of England. Charles was then a Catholic sympathizer in staunchly-Protestant England, and approved the colony's promise of religious freedom. He granted the request in 1663, giving the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations an elected governor and legislature. In the following years many persecuted groups settled in the colony, notably Quakers and Jews. The second synagogue in North America was built in Newport in 1763 - the first having been built in 1729 in what would become New York City. (Source: Gaustad and Schmidt, The Religious History of America, 2002, pp. 71, 76)

The colony was amalgamated into the Dominion of New England in 1686, as James II of England attempted to enforce royal authority over the autonomous colonies in British North America. It appears that from this time many of the progressive laws were abolished or ignored, including those against slavery. After the Glorious Revolution of 1688, the colony regained its independence under the Royal Charter.

The bedrock of the economy continued to be agriculture, especially dairy farming, and fishing. Lumber and shipbuilding also became major industries. Ironically, the colony later prospered under the slave trade, by distilling rum to sell in Africa as part of a profitable triangular trade in slaves and sugar with the Caribbean.[4]

Rhode Island was the first of the thirteen colonies to renounce its allegiance to the British Crown, on May 4, 1776. It was also the last colony of the thirteen colonies to ratify the United States Constitution.

Rhode Island covers about 1,214 square miles. The terrain is mostly flat with no mountains. Some historians think the name owes its origins to Italian explorer Giovanni da Verrazzano, who upon discovering nearby (present-day) Block Island named it Rhode Island because of its similarity in shape to the Greek island of Rhodes. Others attribute it to a corruption of the Dutch Roode Eyland ("red island"). [citation needed]


named the colony Providence, believing that God had brought him and his followers there. Williams named the other islands in the Narragansett Bay after virtues: Patience Island, Prudence Island and Hope Island.[1]

Notes

  1. ^ "Rhode Island and Roger Williams" in Chronicles of America
  2. ^ Lauber, Almon Wheeler, Indian Slavery in Colonial Times Within the Present Limits of the United States. New York: Columbia University, 1913. Chapter 5. HTML version accessed from [Dinsmore Documentation] See also the Rhode Island Historical Society FAQ.
  3. ^ A Chronological History of Remarkable Events, in the Settlement and Growth of Providence. Rhode Island 1844 accessed at The USGenWeb Project
  4. ^ "The Unrighteous Traffick", in The Providence Journal Sunday, March 12 2006.

See also

External links

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