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{{Short description|American politician}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2022}}
{{Infobox officeholder
{{Infobox officeholder
|name = Faith Whittlesey
| name = Faith Whittlesey
|image = Portraits of Assistants to President Ronald Reagan (cropped6).jpg
| image = Portraits of Assistants to President Ronald Reagan (cropped6).jpg
|office = [[United States Ambassador to Switzerland and Liechtenstein|United States Ambassador to Switzerland]]
| office = [[United States Ambassador to Switzerland and Liechtenstein|United States Ambassador to Switzerland]]
|president = [[Ronald Reagan]]
| president = [[Ronald Reagan]]
|term_start = May 31, 1985
| term_start = May 31, 1985
|term_end = June 14, 1988
| term_end = June 14, 1988
|predecessor = [[John Davis Lodge]]
| predecessor = [[John Davis Lodge]]
|successor = [[Philip D. Winn]]
| successor = [[Philip D. Winn]]
|president1 = [[Ronald Reagan]]
| president1 = [[Ronald Reagan]]
|term_start1 = October 23, 1981
| term_start1 = October 23, 1981
|term_end1 = February 28, 1983
| term_end1 = February 28, 1983
|predecessor1 = [[Richard David Vine|Richard D. Vine]]
| predecessor1 = [[Richard David Vine|Richard D. Vine]]
|successor1 = John Davis Lodge
| successor1 = John Davis Lodge
|office2 = [[White House Office of Public Engagement and Intergovernmental Affairs|Director of the Office of Public Liaison]]
| office2 = [[White House Office of Public Engagement and Intergovernmental Affairs|Director of the Office of Public Liaison]]
|president2 = [[Ronald Reagan]]
| president2 = [[Ronald Reagan]]
|term_start2 = March 3, 1983
| term_start2 = March 3, 1983
|term_end2 = March 19, 1985
| term_end2 = March 19, 1985
|predecessor2 = [[Elizabeth Dole]]
| predecessor2 = [[Liddy Dole]]
|successor2 = [[Linda Chavez]]
| successor2 = [[Linda Chavez]]
|state_house3 = Pennsylvania
| state_house3 = Pennsylvania
|district3 = [[Pennsylvania House of Representatives, District 166|166th]]
| district3 = [[Pennsylvania House of Representatives, District 166|166th]]
|term_start3 = 1973
| term_start3 = 1973
|term_end3 = 1976
| term_end3 = 1976
|predecessor3 = [[George R. Johnson|George Johnson]]
| predecessor3 = [[George R. Johnson|George Johnson]]
|successor3 = [[Stephen Freind]]
| successor3 = [[Stephen Freind]]
|birth_name = Faith Amy Ryan
| birth_name = Faith Amy Ryan
|birth_date = {{birth date|1939|2|21}}
| birth_date = {{birth date|1939|2|21}}
|birth_place = [[Jersey City, New Jersey]], U.S.
| birth_place = [[Jersey City, New Jersey]], U.S.
|death_date = {{death date and age|2018|5|21|1939|2|21}}
| death_date = {{death date and age|2018|5|21|1939|2|21}}
|death_place = [[Washington, D.C.]], U.S.
| death_place = [[Washington, D.C.]], U.S.
|party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] {{small|(Before 1964)}}<br/>[[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] {{small|(1964–2018)}}
| party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]] {{small|(before 1964)}}<br/>[[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] {{small|(from 1964)}}
|spouse = Roger Whittlesey {{small|(1967–1974)}}
| spouse = Roger Whittlesey {{small|(1967–1974)}}
|children = Amy Whittlesey
| children = 3
⚫
| education = [[Wells College]] {{small|([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]])}}<br/>{{nowrap|[[University of Pennsylvania]] {{small|([[Bachelor of Laws|LLB]])}}}}
William Whittlesey
Henry Whittlesey
⚫
|education = [[Wells College]] {{small|([[Bachelor of Arts|BA]])}}<br/>{{nowrap|[[University of Pennsylvania]] {{small|([[Bachelor of Laws|LLB]])}}}}
}}
}}

'''Faith Amy Ryan Whittlesey''' (February 21, 1939 – May 21, 2018) was a Pennsylvania [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] politician and White House Senior Staff member notable for her effort to communicate Ronald Reagan's entire policy agenda to U.S. opinion leaders and for bringing together for the first time in the Reagan White House evangelical, Catholic, and other conservative religious groups who opposed legalized abortion and were concerned about moral and cultural decline and the break-up of the family. These groups became a significant component of the [[Reagan coalition]] as they grew more politically self-conscious in the 1980s.<ref name="FoxNews">FoxNews, "Interview with Faith Whittlesey," June 11, 2004.</ref> She organized the White House Central American Outreach Group at the direction of Chief of Staff [[James Baker]] to provide information about Reagan's anti-communist policies in the region and was an active supporter of Reagan's defense buildup and the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI).
'''Faith Amy Whittlesey''' ({{nee}} '''Ryan'''; February 21, 1939 – May 21, 2018) was an American [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] politician, [[White House]] Senior Staff member, and author. She was noted for her efforts to communicate Ronald Reagan's entire policy agenda to U.S. opinion leaders and for bringing together for the first time in the Reagan White House evangelical, Catholic, and other conservative religious groups who opposed legalized abortion and were concerned about moral and cultural decline and the break-up of the family. These groups became a significant component of the [[Reagan coalition]] as they grew more politically self-conscious in the 1980s.<ref name="FoxNews">FoxNews, "Interview with Faith Whittlesey," June 11, 2004.</ref>

She organized the White House Central American Outreach Group at the direction of Chief of Staff [[James Baker]] to provide information about Reagan's anti-communist policies in the region and was an active supporter of Reagan's defense buildup and the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI).


Whittlesey served twice for a total of nearly 5 years as [[U.S. Ambassador to Switzerland]] and also served for 2 years on the Reagan White House Senior Staff as [[White House Office of Public Engagement and Intergovernmental Affairs|Assistant to the President for Public Liaison]].
Whittlesey served twice for a total of nearly 5 years as [[U.S. Ambassador to Switzerland]] and also served for 2 years on the Reagan White House Senior Staff as [[White House Office of Public Engagement and Intergovernmental Affairs|Assistant to the President for Public Liaison]].


==Early life and education==
==Early life and education==
Faith Ryan was born in 1939 in [[Jersey City, New Jersey]] to Martin Roy Ryan and Amy Jerusha (Covell). She grew up in [[Williamsville, New York]].<ref name=NYTOBit />
Faith Amy Ryan was born in 1939 in [[Jersey City, New Jersey]], to Martin Roy Ryan and Amy Jerusha (Covell). She grew up in [[Williamsville, New York]].<ref name=NYTOBit />


Her father was a "Catholic in the Irish tradition"<ref name="Interview with Morin"/> and it was incorrectly assumed that Faith grew up as a Catholic,<ref>Kristin E. Heyer, Mark J. Rozell, Michael A. Genovese (2008) Catholics and Politics: The Dynamic Tension Between Faith and Power. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press; {{ISBN|1-58901-216-X}}</ref> when her mother's family did not approve of her father's Catholicism. "[S]o he left the Catholic Church", Whittlesey wrote in her memoir. "He attended the Methodist Church with my mother and brother, Tom, and me. I was thus raised as a Methodist. As a family we went to the Williamsville, New York, Methodist Church every Sunday. I went to regular Sunday school and sang in the choirs."<ref name="Memoirs"/>
Her father was a "Catholic in the Irish tradition"<ref name="Interview with Morin"/> and it was incorrectly assumed that Faith grew up as a Catholic,<ref>Kristin E. Heyer, Mark J. Rozell, Michael A. Genovese (2008) Catholics and Politics: The Dynamic Tension Between Faith and Power. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press; {{ISBN|1-58901-216-X}}</ref> when her mother's family did not approve of her father's Catholicism. "[S]o he left the Catholic Church", Whittlesey wrote in her memoir. "He attended the Methodist Church with my mother and brother, Tom, and me. I was thus raised as a Methodist. As a family we went to the Williamsville, New York, Methodist Church every Sunday. I went to regular Sunday school and sang in the choirs."<ref name="Memoirs"/> However, she converted to Roman Catholicism in 2000.<ref>[https://www.inquirer.com/philly/obituaries/faith-ryan-whittlesey-79-top-reagan-aide-and-two-time-ambassador-to-switzerland-20180522.html%3foutputType=amp Obituary], inquirer.com. Accessed July 29, 2022.</ref>


She earned a full-tuition scholarship to attend [[Wells College]] in [[Aurora, Cayuga County, New York|Aurora, New York]], where she graduated in 1960. She earned a full-tuition scholarship to the law school at the [[University of Pennsylvania]].<ref name=NYTOBit />
She earned a full-tuition scholarship to attend [[Wells College]] in [[Aurora, Cayuga County, New York|Aurora, New York]], where she graduated in 1960. She earned a full-tuition scholarship to the law school at the [[University of Pennsylvania]].<ref name=NYTOBit />


==Career==
==Career==
To earn money while in law school, Whittlesey became a substitute teacher in the City of Philadelphia (1962–64) because "[i]n my last year of law school [the female students] were advised by the law school administration not to even come to the [law firm job] interviews because we would not be hired".<ref name="Interview with Morin"/> She was admitted to the [[bar (law)|bar]] of Pennsylvania in 1964.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.avvo.com/attorneys/33884-fl-faith-whittlesey-575602.html|title=Faith Ryan Whittlesey|accessdate=2009-07-25|publisher=Avvo Lawyer Search}}</ref>
To earn money while in law school, Whittlesey became a substitute teacher in the City of Philadelphia (1962–64) because "[i]n my last year of law school [the female students] were advised by the law school administration not to even come to the [law firm job] interviews because we would not be hired".<ref name="Interview with Morin"/> She was admitted to the [[bar (law)|bar]] of Pennsylvania in 1964.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.avvo.com/attorneys/33884-fl-faith-whittlesey-575602.html|title=Faith Ryan Whittlesey|access-date=July 25, 2009|publisher=Avvo Lawyer Search}}</ref>


===Pennsylvania State Representative===
===Pennsylvania State Representative===
In 1972 she was elected to the [[Pennsylvania House of Representatives]] representing the [[Pennsylvania House of Representatives, District 166|166th Legislative District]] in [[Delaware County, Pennsylvania|Delaware County]]. She had canvassed door-to-door for this race while pregnant with her third child, William.<ref name="Interview with Morin"/> In 1974, she was reelected to the Legislature. In 1975, she was elected to the Delaware County Board of Commissioners,<ref name="Interview with Morin"/> now known as the Delaware County Council and reelected in 1979.<ref name="Valassis">{{cite news|title=Valassis Corporate Bio|url=http://phx.corporate-ir.net/phoenix.zhtml?c=119431&p=irol-govBio&ID=23596|accessdate=2009-07-25|publisher=Valassis Communications}}</ref> (Delaware County was at the time larger in population than 5 states of the Union.) She served alternately as Chairman and Vice Chairman. She lost the 1978 Republican primary for Lt. Governor of Pennsylvania.<ref name="Interview with Morin"/>
In 1972 she was elected to the [[Pennsylvania House of Representatives]] representing the [[Pennsylvania House of Representatives, District 166|166th Legislative District]] in [[Delaware County, Pennsylvania|Delaware County]]. She had canvassed door-to-door for this race while pregnant with her third child, William.<ref name="Interview with Morin"/> In 1974, she was reelected to the Legislature. In 1975, she was elected to the Delaware County Board of Commissioners,<ref name="Interview with Morin"/> now known as the Delaware County Council and reelected in 1979.<ref name="Valassis">{{cite news|title=Valassis Corporate Bio|url=http://phx.corporate-ir.net/phoenix.zhtml?c=119431&p=irol-govBio&ID=23596|access-date=July 25, 2009|publisher=Valassis Communications}}</ref> (Delaware County was at the time larger in population than 5 states of the Union.) She served alternately as Chairman and Vice Chairman. She lost the 1978 Republican primary for Lt. Governor of Pennsylvania.<ref name="Interview with Morin"/>


While serving in the Delaware County government, Whittlesey briefly held her first job in the private sector, taking a part-time job at the law firm [[WolfBlock|Wolf, Block, Schorr & Solis-Cohen LLP]] in Philadelphia.<ref name="Interview with Morin"/>
While serving in the Delaware County government, Whittlesey briefly held her first job in the private sector, taking a part-time job at the law firm [[WolfBlock|Wolf, Block, Schorr & Solis-Cohen LLP]] in Philadelphia.<ref name="Interview with Morin"/>
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Her tenure was marked by initiatives to improve the access of conservative religious believers to the American political process and national policymaking. She was considered their most "aggressive ally" in the White House.<ref name="Martin">Martin, William(1996) With God On Our Side: The Rise of the Religious Right in America. New York: Broadway. pg. 235 {{ISBN|0-7679-2257-3}}</ref>
Her tenure was marked by initiatives to improve the access of conservative religious believers to the American political process and national policymaking. She was considered their most "aggressive ally" in the White House.<ref name="Martin">Martin, William(1996) With God On Our Side: The Rise of the Religious Right in America. New York: Broadway. pg. 235 {{ISBN|0-7679-2257-3}}</ref>


She wrote a memo in October 1983<ref>Faith Whittlesey to [[James A. Baker III]], et al., "The Fundamentalist and Evangelical Groups" and "Tuition Tax Credits, School Prayer, and Pornography", 11 October 1983, Faith Ryan Whittlesey Files, box 7F, Reagan Library</ref> that fundamentalist and evangelical groups had done "little organizational work" for "the 1984 election period" and that to maintain [[Ronald Reagan]]'s "credibility" with those groups, Catholics in particular, "the tuition tax credit bill must come up for Senate floor action this fall". She noted that school prayer was "not unlike the tuition tax credit issue. Politically we win if we get votes on the Senate floor".<ref>Lichtman, Allan J. (2000) ''White Protestant Nation: The Rise of the American Conservative Movement''. New York: Atlantic Monthly Press, p. 376. {{ISBN|0-87113-984-7}}</ref>
She wrote a memo in October 1983<ref>Faith Whittlesey to [[James A. Baker III]], et al., "The Fundamentalist and Evangelical Groups" and "Tuition Tax Credits, School Prayer, and Pornography", October 11, 1983, Faith Ryan Whittlesey Files, box 7F, Reagan Library</ref> that fundamentalist and evangelical groups had done "little organizational work" for "the 1984 election period" and that to maintain [[Ronald Reagan]]'s "credibility" with those groups, Catholics in particular, "the tuition tax credit bill must come up for Senate floor action this fall". She noted that school prayer was "not unlike the tuition tax credit issue. Politically we win if we get votes on the Senate floor".<ref>Lichtman, Allan J. (2000) ''White Protestant Nation: The Rise of the American Conservative Movement''. New York: Atlantic Monthly Press, p. 376. {{ISBN|0-87113-984-7}}</ref>


In 1985, she sent the anti-abortion film ''[[The Silent Scream]]'', which was a documentary of an ultrasound abortion at three months produced in 1984 by anti-abortion activist and former [[NARAL]] founder [[Bernard Nathanson]], to every member of Congress and arranged for a screening at the White House at which Nathanson presented the film.<ref>Hudson, Deal W. (2008) ''Onward Christian Soldiers: The Growing Political Power of Catholics and Evangelicals in the United States'', New York: Threshold Editions, pg. 236; {{ISBN|1-4165-2442-8}}</ref>
In 1985, she sent the anti-abortion film ''[[The Silent Scream]]'', which was a documentary of an ultrasound abortion at three months produced in 1984 by anti-abortion activist and former [[NARAL]] founder [[Bernard Nathanson]], to every member of Congress and arranged for a screening at the White House at which Nathanson presented the film.<ref>Hudson, Deal W. (2008) ''Onward Christian Soldiers: The Growing Political Power of Catholics and Evangelicals in the United States'', New York: Threshold Editions, pg. 236; {{ISBN|1-4165-2442-8}}</ref>
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A judicial appointment would have effectively removed her from the public policy and political arena. She had taken the job of Public Liaison because of "a profound sense of obligation to the grassroots voters who had elected Reagan believing him to be a man of deep principle and traditional faith."<ref>Hudson, Deal W. (2008) ''Onward Christian Soldiers: The Growing Political Power of Catholics and Evangelicals in the United States''. New York: Threshold Editions, pg. 235; {{ISBN|1-4165-2442-8}}</ref>
A judicial appointment would have effectively removed her from the public policy and political arena. She had taken the job of Public Liaison because of "a profound sense of obligation to the grassroots voters who had elected Reagan believing him to be a man of deep principle and traditional faith."<ref>Hudson, Deal W. (2008) ''Onward Christian Soldiers: The Growing Political Power of Catholics and Evangelicals in the United States''. New York: Threshold Editions, pg. 235; {{ISBN|1-4165-2442-8}}</ref>


She returned to Switzerland after Donald Regan became Chief of Staff, replacing James A. Baker.<ref name="Martin"/><ref name="Interview with Morin"/>
She returned to Switzerland after [[Donald Regan]] became Chief of Staff, replacing James A. Baker.<ref name="Martin"/><ref name="Interview with Morin"/>


===Iran-Contra===
===Iran-Contra===
At the direction of White House Chief of Staff James Baker, Whittlesey spent a great deal of her time as assistant to the President for Public Liaison organizing communication of information about Reagan's policies in Central America and, in particular, the anticommunist "[[Contras]]" in [[Nicaragua]].<ref>Dent, David W. (1995) U.S.-Latin American Policymaking: A Reference Handbook. Santa Barbara, CA: Greenwood Press, pg. 153; {{ISBN|0-313-27951-9}}</ref>
At the direction of White House Chief of Staff James Baker, Whittlesey spent a great deal of her time as assistant to the President for Public Liaison organizing communication of information about Reagan's policies in Central America and, in particular, the anticommunist "[[Contras]]" in [[Nicaragua]].<ref>Dent, David W. (1995) U.S.-Latin American Policymaking: A Reference Handbook. Santa Barbara, CA: Greenwood Press, pg. 153; {{ISBN|0-313-27951-9}}</ref>


In 1983, she established the White House Outreach Working Group on Central America to help increase private sector understanding of Reagan's policies,<ref>Sklar, Holly (1995) ''Washington's War on Nicaragua''. Cambridge, MA: [[South End Press]], p. 244; {{ISBN|0-89608-295-4}}</ref> including working with, among many other individuals and groups, the [[American Security Council Foundation]], to produce anti-[[Sandinista]] propaganda (what she would call "truth-telling") films, and the <ref>Russ Bellant (1999) ''Old Nazis, the New Right, and the Republican Party: Domestic fascist networks and their effect on U.S. cold war politics''. Cambridge, MA: [[South End Press]]. pp. 48-51; {{ISBN|0-89608-418-3}}</ref> [[Council for National Policy]] to produce materials that revealed the Marxist–Leninist orientation of the Sandanista movement.<ref>{{cite news|title=North was member of private group once based in Baton Rouge: Powerful conservative organization formed to influence Congress, impact foreign policy| url=http://media.pfaw.org/Right/CNP-IRAN.txt|accessdate=2009-07-25|publisher=[[List of defunct newspapers of the United States#Louisiana|Baton Rouge State Times]]}}</ref>
In 1983, she established the White House Outreach Working Group on Central America to help increase private sector understanding of Reagan's policies,<ref>Sklar, Holly (1995) ''Washington's War on Nicaragua''. Cambridge, MA: [[South End Press]], p. 244; {{ISBN|0-89608-295-4}}</ref> including working with, among many other individuals and groups, the [[American Security Council Foundation]], to produce anti-[[Sandinista]] propaganda (what she would call "truth-telling") films, and the <ref>Russ Bellant (1999) ''Old Nazis, the New Right, and the Republican Party: Domestic fascist networks and their effect on U.S. cold war politics''. Cambridge, MA: [[South End Press]]. pp. 48-51; {{ISBN|0-89608-418-3}}</ref> [[Council for National Policy]] to produce materials that revealed the Marxist–Leninist orientation of the Sandanista movement.<ref>{{cite news|title=North was member of private group once based in Baton Rouge: Powerful conservative organization formed to influence Congress, impact foreign policy| url=http://media.pfaw.org/Right/CNP-IRAN.txt|access-date=July 25, 2009|publisher=[[List of defunct newspapers of the United States#Louisiana|Baton Rouge State Times]]}}</ref>


Among the groups that participated in the Outreach Group effort was the AFL-CIO because "the Sandinistas were against free labor unions."<ref>[[Lane Kirkland]], quoted in "Memoirs of Faith Whittlesey," Howard Gotlieb Archival Research Center, Boston University</ref> Special Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs [[Constantine Menges]] cited "the very effective public outreach staff headed by Ambassador Faith Whittlesey"<ref>Constantine Menges, Inside the National Security Council, p. 172<!-- publisher, ISSN/ISBN, year needed --></ref> in his reflections on Reagan foreign policy.
Among the groups that participated in the Outreach Group effort was the AFL-CIO because "the Sandinistas were against free labor unions."<ref>[[Lane Kirkland]], quoted in "Memoirs of Faith Whittlesey," Howard Gotlieb Archival Research Center, Boston University</ref> Special Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs [[Constantine Menges]] cited "the very effective public outreach staff headed by Ambassador Faith Whittlesey"<ref>Constantine Menges, Inside the National Security Council, p. 172<!-- publisher, ISSN/ISBN, year needed --></ref> in his reflections on Reagan foreign policy.


Despite its effectiveness, Whittlesey says the Outreach Group was shut down in 1985 when Donald Regan took over as Chief of Staff and the White House "started the brown bag operation with Ollie North. What we were doing was completely open and above board. It was an honest effort to change minds and hearts and to provide a forum for truth telling".<ref name="Interview with Morin">{{cite news|title=The Foreign Affairs Oral History Collection of the Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training: Interview with Faith Ryan Whittlesey|url=https://cdn.loc.gov/service/mss/mfdip/2004/2004whi09/2004whi09.pdf|accessdate=2009-07-25|publisher=[[Library of Congress]]|interviewer=Ann Miller Morin}}</ref> According to Whittlesey, "the Washington establishment, especially Democratic but also most of the Republican, was opposed to, wanted to downplay, or gave the [[silent treatment]] to Reagan's Central American anti-communist policies."<ref name="Memoirs"/>
Despite its effectiveness, Whittlesey says the Outreach Group was shut down in 1985 when Donald Regan took over as Chief of Staff and the White House "started the brown bag operation with Ollie North. What we were doing was completely open and above board. It was an honest effort to change minds and hearts and to provide a forum for truth telling".<ref name="Interview with Morin">{{cite news|title=The Foreign Affairs Oral History Collection of the Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training: Interview with Faith Ryan Whittlesey|url=https://cdn.loc.gov/service/mss/mfdip/2004/2004whi09/2004whi09.pdf|access-date=July 25, 2009|publisher=[[Library of Congress]]|interviewer=Ann Miller Morin}}</ref> According to Whittlesey, "the Washington establishment, especially Democratic but also most of the Republican, was opposed to, wanted to downplay, or gave the [[silent treatment]] to Reagan's Central American anti-communist policies."<ref name="Memoirs"/>


Later, when asked about [[Iran-Contra]] she said: "I had no knowledge of the Iran-Contras connection. I had no involvement in it, nor was I asked to be a part of it."''<ref>{{cite news|title=House Probers Eye Whittlesey-North Ties|date=1986-12-12|publisher=[[Philadelphia Daily News]]|last=Bennett|first=Susan|page=5}}</ref> ''The final House report on Iran-Contra concluded that Whittlesey unsuccessfully attempted to help [[Oliver North]] obtain a U.S. passport for a fake [[Saudi Arabia|Saudi]] prince who claimed to have knowledge of the locations of hostages being held in [[Lebanon]].<ref>U.S. Representative [[Lee H. Hamilton]] & U.S. Senator [[Daniel Inouye]]'s 1987 Report of the Congressional Committees Investigating the Iran/Contra Affair. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, pg. 111; {{ISBN|0-7881-2602-4}}</ref>
Later, when asked about [[Iran-Contra]] she said: "I had no knowledge of the Iran-Contras connection. I had no involvement in it, nor was I asked to be a part of it."''<ref>{{cite news|title=House Probers Eye Whittlesey-North Ties|date=December 12, 1986|publisher=[[Philadelphia Daily News]]|last=Bennett|first=Susan|page=5}}</ref> ''The final House report on Iran-Contra concluded that Whittlesey unsuccessfully attempted to help [[Oliver North]] obtain a U.S. passport for a fake [[Saudi Arabia|Saudi]] prince who claimed to have knowledge of the locations of hostages being held in [[Lebanon]].<ref>U.S. Representative [[Lee H. Hamilton]] & U.S. Senator [[Daniel Inouye]]'s 1987 Report of the Congressional Committees Investigating the Iran/Contra Affair. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, pg. 111; {{ISBN|0-7881-2602-4}}</ref>


Whittlesey emphatically denied the claim, for which she maintained no proof was produced, as a politically motivated attempt by a Democrat-dominated House to discredit her White House Outreach Group initiative, which had been "a legitimate and in every respect legal attempt to communicate Reagan's anti-communist policy in Central America."<ref name="Memoirs"/>
Whittlesey emphatically denied the claim, for which she maintained no proof was produced, as a politically motivated attempt by a Democrat-dominated House to discredit her White House Outreach Group initiative, which had been "a legitimate and in every respect legal attempt to communicate Reagan's anti-communist policy in Central America."<ref name="Memoirs"/>
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She resumed her duties representing the U.S. in Bern for a second term in 1985.<ref name=NYTOBit/>
She resumed her duties representing the U.S. in Bern for a second term in 1985.<ref name=NYTOBit/>


After the Democrats took control of the Senate in 1986, giving them control of both Houses of Congress, allegations were made to [[United States Attorney General|Attorney General]] [[Edwin Meese]] that Whittlesey had granted diplomatic favors for private contributions to her State Department-administered representational fund and that she had also obstructed justice. Meese "found no 'reasonable grounds' to pursue allegations that", in contravention of the independent counsel statute, Whittlesey had "mishandled entertainment funds at the embassy or improperly aided contributors to the funds".<ref>{{cite news|title=Whittlesey Absolved In Funds Case|date=1986-12-06|publisher=[[Philadelphia Inquirer]]|last=Wagenveld|first=Mark|page=A1}}</ref><ref>Greenberg, Gerald S. (2000) Historical encyclopedia of U.S. independent counsel investigations. Santa Barbara, CA: [[Greenwood Press]], pg. 227; {{ISBN|0-313-30735-0}}</ref>
After the Democrats took control of the Senate in 1986, giving them control of both Houses of Congress, allegations were made to [[United States Attorney General|Attorney General]] [[Edwin Meese]] that Whittlesey had granted diplomatic favors for private contributions to her State Department-administered representational fund and that she had also obstructed justice. Meese "found no 'reasonable grounds' to pursue allegations that", in contravention of the independent counsel statute, Whittlesey had "mishandled entertainment funds at the embassy or improperly aided contributors to the funds".<ref>{{cite news|title=Whittlesey Absolved In Funds Case|date=December 6, 1986|work=[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]]|last=Wagenveld|first=Mark|page=A1}}</ref><ref>Greenberg, Gerald S. (2000) Historical encyclopedia of U.S. independent counsel investigations. Santa Barbara, CA: [[Greenwood Press]], pg. 227; {{ISBN|0-313-30735-0}}</ref>


Hearings into the claims were held by a House Foreign Affairs subcommittee,<ref>{{cite news|title=Panel Plans Inquiry On Whittlesey|date=1986-12-11|publisher=[[Philadelphia Inquirer]]|last=Newman|first=Bud|page=A1}}</ref> but the hearings failed to produce substantiation of the charges.<ref>{{cite news|title=Did Faith Call In IOUs To Blunt Probe Of Fund?|date=1986-12-19|newspaper=[[Philadelphia Daily News]]|agency=Associated Press|page=57}}</ref><ref>Committee on Foreign Affairs. Subcommittee on International Operations (1988) Investigation of the U.S. ambassador to Switzerland. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.</ref> Whittlesey resigned as ambassador in 1988.<ref name=NYTOBit/>
Hearings into the claims were held by a House Foreign Affairs subcommittee,<ref>{{cite news|title=Panel Plans Inquiry On Whittlesey|date=December 11, 1986|work=[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]]|last=Newman|first=Bud|page=A1}}</ref> but the hearings failed to produce substantiation of the charges.<ref>{{cite news|title=Did Faith Call In IOUs To Blunt Probe Of Fund?|date=December 19, 1986|newspaper=[[Philadelphia Daily News]]|agency=Associated Press|page=57}}</ref><ref>Committee on Foreign Affairs. Subcommittee on International Operations (1988) Investigation of the U.S. ambassador to Switzerland. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.</ref> Whittlesey resigned as ambassador in 1988.<ref name=NYTOBit/>


===Post government career===
===Post-government career===
After leaving Switzerland, Whittlesey joined the New York-based law firm of [[Myerson & Kuhn]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/07/20/us/washington-talk-briefing-diplomatic-decision.html?scp=19&sq=Faith%20Whittlesey&st=cse|title=Washington Talk: Briefing; Diplomatic Decision|author=Charlotte Evans & Richard Halloran|accessdate=2009-07-25|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=1988-07-20}}</ref> until its 1990 bankruptcy filing<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/02/25/business/can-a-tarnished-star-regain-his-luster.html?scp=38&sq=Faith%20Whittlesey&st=cse|title=Can a Tarnished Star Regain His Luster?|accessdate=2009-07-25|work=The New York Times|last=Margolick|first=David|date=1990-02-25}}</ref> She also served as president of the [[American Swiss Foundation]].<ref name="Memoirs"/>
After leaving Switzerland, Whittlesey joined the New York-based law firm of [[Myerson & Kuhn]]<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/07/20/us/washington-talk-briefing-diplomatic-decision.html?scp=19&sq=Faith%20Whittlesey&st=cse|title=Washington Talk: Briefing; Diplomatic Decision|author=Charlotte Evans & Richard Halloran|access-date=July 25, 2009|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=July 20, 1988}}</ref> until its 1990 bankruptcy filing<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/02/25/business/can-a-tarnished-star-regain-his-luster.html?scp=38&sq=Faith%20Whittlesey&st=cse|title=Can a Tarnished Star Regain His Luster?|access-date=July 25, 2009|work=The New York Times|last=Margolick|first=David|date=February 25, 1990}}</ref> She also served as president of the [[American Swiss Foundation]].<ref name="Memoirs"/>


Whittlesey's diplomatic career resumed briefly in 2001 when she was named by [[President of the United States|President]] [[George W. Bush]] to be an At-Large Member of the U.S. Delegation to the [[United Nations Conference on the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects]].<ref>Letter, June 29, 2001, Herb Calhoun, Deputy Director, U.S. Department of State, to The Honorable Faith Whittlesey.</ref>
Whittlesey's diplomatic career resumed briefly in 2001 when she was named by [[President of the United States|President]] [[George W. Bush]] to be an At-Large Member of the U.S. Delegation to the [[United Nations Conference on the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects]].<ref>Letter, June 29, 2001, Herb Calhoun, Deputy Director, U.S. Department of State, to The Honorable Faith Whittlesey.</ref>


She also founded a consulting firm, Maybrook Associates. She served on several corporate boards, including the U.S. Advisory Board for [[Nestle]]. From 1989 through 2012 she served as a board member of [[Schindler Elevator Corporation]]. She also served on the board of directors of [[Christian Freedom International]], an organization dedicated to assisting persecuted Christians around the world.<ref name="AmerAmb"/> For several years she served on the [[Newsmax Media Inc.|Newsmax International]] Advisory Board. In 2016, she became a member of the Diplomatic Advisory Board and Special Advisors to the World War I Centennial Commission. On June 17–18, 2017, she participated as a judge of the 2017 Miss District of Columbia Pageant, part of the Miss America competition.<ref>2017 Miss District of Columbia Pageant: 64th Annual Pageant Competition Book.</ref>
She also founded a consulting firm, Maybrook Associates. She served on several corporate boards, including the U.S. Advisory Board for [[Nestle]]. From 1989 through 2012 she served as a board member of [[Schindler Elevator Corporation]]. She also served on the board of directors of [[Christian Freedom International]], an organization dedicated to assisting persecuted Christians around the world.<ref name="AmerAmb"/> For several years she served on the [[Newsmax Media Inc.|Newsmax International]] Advisory Board. In 2016, she became a member of the Diplomatic Advisory Board and Special Advisors to the World War I Centennial Commission. On June 17–18, 2017, she participated as a judge of the 2017 Miss District of Columbia Pageant, part of the Miss America competition.<ref>2017 Miss District of Columbia Pageant: 64th Annual Pageant Competition Book.</ref>

===Involvement in Russia-Trump affair===
She arranged for convicted [[Russian espionage in the United States|Russian spy]] [[Maria Butina]] to meet [[J. D. Gordon|Jeffrey Gordon]] on September 29, 2016, at the Swiss Ambassador's residence.<ref>{{cite news |last=Helderman |first=Rosalind S. |author-link=Rosalind S. Helderman |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-associate-socialized-with-alleged-russian-agent-maria-butina-in-final-weeks-of-2016-campaign/2018/08/03/d87c1d84-96a6-11e8-80e1-00e80e1fdf43_story.html |title=Trump associate socialized with alleged Russian agent Maria Butina in final weeks of 2016 campaign |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |date=August 3, 2018 |access-date=October 7, 2020 |archive-date=August 4, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180804002404/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-associate-socialized-with-alleged-russian-agent-maria-butina-in-final-weeks-of-2016-campaign/2018/08/03/d87c1d84-96a6-11e8-80e1-00e80e1fdf43_story.html}}</ref><ref name=WashTimes20180803>{{cite web |last=Scarborough |first=Rowan |url=https://amp.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/aug/3/ex-trump-adviser-bemoans-smear-campaign-over-russi/?__twitter_impression=true |title=Ex-Trump adviser bemoans 'smear campaign' against GOP, NRA over Maria Butina connections |work=[[The Washington Times]] |date=August 3, 2018 |access-date=October 7, 2020 |archive-date=August 4, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180804000949/https://amp.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/aug/3/ex-trump-adviser-bemoans-smear-campaign-over-russi/?__twitter_impression=true}}</ref> and later, in October 2016, attended J. D. Gordon's birthday party with Butina.<ref name=WashTimes20180803/>{{efn|[[Aleksandr Torshin]], a close ally of [[Vladimir Putin]] and known as "The Godfather" by the convicted Russian money launderer Aleksandr Romanov, is the suspected Russian handler for Butina and had travelled extensively to the United States to meet with United States conservatives before and after the [[Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections|2016 United States elections]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Kalmbacker |first=Colin |url=https://lawandcrime.com/high-profile/federal-prosecutor-on-wiretaps-butinas-alleged-handler-trumps-son-should-be-concerned/ |title=Reminder: Prosecutor Said 'Trump's Son Should be Concerned' About Wiretaps of Butina's Alleged Handler |work=Law and Crime website |date=July 18, 2018 |access-date=October 7, 2020 |archive-date=July 18, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180718190030/https://lawandcrime.com/high-profile/federal-prosecutor-on-wiretaps-butinas-alleged-handler-trumps-son-should-be-concerned/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last1=Esteban|first1=Duarte|last2=Pismennaya|first2=Evgenia|last3=Meyer|first3=Henry|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-08-09/mobster-or-central-banker-spanish-cops-allege-this-russian-both|title=Mobster or Central Banker? Spanish Cops Allege This Russian Both|work=[[Bloomberg News]]|date=August 8, 2016|access-date=October 7, 2020|archive-date=August 10, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160810042819/https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-08-09/mobster-or-central-banker-spanish-cops-allege-this-russian-both}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Crime Russia staff|url=https://en.crimerussia.com/organizedcrime/spain-reaccuses-central-bank-deputy-chairman-torshin-of-money-laundering-and-criminal-connections-/|title=Spain reaccuses Central Bank Deputy Chairman Torshin of money laundering and criminal connections|work=Crime Russia website|date=April 3, 2017|access-date=October 7, 2020|archive-date=June 15, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180615214221/https://en.crimerussia.com/organizedcrime/spain-reaccuses-central-bank-deputy-chairman-torshin-of-money-laundering-and-criminal-connections-/|url-status=dead}}</ref>}}


==Personal life==
==Personal life==
In 1963, she married Roger Weaver Whittlesey of [[Huntingdon Valley, Pennsylvania]]. Whittlesey was an advertising executive. They had three children and ten grandchildren.<ref name="AmerAmb">{{cite news|url=http://www.americanambassadors.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=Members.view&memberid=239|title=Council of American Ambassadors|year=2004|access-date=2009-08-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100917132920/http://americanambassadors.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=Members.view&memberid=239|archive-date=2010-09-17|url-status=dead}}</ref> The marriage lasted 11 years, not ending until Roger Whittlesey committed suicide in March 1974.<ref name="Interview with Morin"/> Their son Henry, who was subject to depression, committed suicide in 2012.<ref name=NYTOBit />
In 1963, she married Roger Weaver Whittlesey of [[Huntingdon Valley, Pennsylvania]]. Whittlesey was an advertising executive. They had three children and ten grandchildren.<ref name="AmerAmb">{{cite news|url=http://www.americanambassadors.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=Members.view&memberid=239|title=Council of American Ambassadors|year=2004|access-date=August 9, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100917132920/http://americanambassadors.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=Members.view&memberid=239|archive-date=September 17, 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref> The marriage lasted 11 years, not ending until Roger Whittlesey committed suicide in March 1974.<ref name="Interview with Morin"/> Their son Henry, who was subject to depression, committed suicide in 2012.<ref name=NYTOBit />


An enthusiastic gardener, Whittlesey was presented with a new Tea Rose variety named ''Faith Whittlesey'' for her. Whittlesey was also an accomplished classical pianist.<ref name=NYTOBit />
An enthusiastic gardener, Whittlesey was presented with a new Tea Rose variety named ''Faith Whittlesey'' for her. Whittlesey was also an accomplished classical pianist.<ref name=NYTOBit />


==Death==
==Death==
Faith Whittlesey died in Washington on May 21, 2018, aged 79, of [[cancer]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Hallow |first1=Ralph |date=May 21, 2018 |title=Faith Ryan Whittlesey, Reagan White House alum and ambassador, dead at 79|url=https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/may/21/faith-ryan-whittlesey-reagan-white-house-alum-and-|accessdate=June 5, 2018 |work=The Washington Times}}</ref><ref name=NYTOBit>{{cite news|last1=Roberts |first1=Sam|date=May 24, 2018 |title=Faith Whittlesey, Conservative Voice and Reagan Aide, Dies at 79|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/24/obituaries/faith-whittlesey-conservative-voice-and-reagan-aide-dies-at-79.html|accessdate=June 5, 2018 |work=The New York Times}}</ref>
Faith Whittlesey died in Washington on May 21, 2018, aged 79, of [[cancer]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Hallow |first1=Ralph |date=May 21, 2018 |title=Faith Ryan Whittlesey, Reagan White House alum and ambassador, dead at 79|url=https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2018/may/21/faith-ryan-whittlesey-reagan-white-house-alum-and-|access-date=June 5, 2018 |work=The Washington Times}}</ref><ref name=NYTOBit>{{cite news|last1=Roberts |first1=Sam|date=May 24, 2018 |title=Faith Whittlesey, Conservative Voice and Reagan Aide, Dies at 79|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/05/24/obituaries/faith-whittlesey-conservative-voice-and-reagan-aide-dies-at-79.html|access-date=June 5, 2018 |work=The New York Times}}</ref>


==Writings about and by Whittlesey==
==Writings about and by Whittlesey==
Line 119: Line 125:
*When working in the Liaison Office she declared that feminism was a "straitjacket" for women<ref>Susan Faludi (2006) Backlash: The Undeclared War Against Women. New York: Crown. pg. xii {{ISBN|0-517-57698-8}}</ref> because she believed it reduced rather than enhanced legal rights women had previously enjoyed in child custody and marital support cases before states enacted versions of the Equal Rights Amendment. She declared, "Ronald Reagan honored the role of full-time homemaker and her rights in Social Security and income tax in the face of elite feminists' demeaning of full-time mothers."<ref name="Memoirs"/>
*When working in the Liaison Office she declared that feminism was a "straitjacket" for women<ref>Susan Faludi (2006) Backlash: The Undeclared War Against Women. New York: Crown. pg. xii {{ISBN|0-517-57698-8}}</ref> because she believed it reduced rather than enhanced legal rights women had previously enjoyed in child custody and marital support cases before states enacted versions of the Equal Rights Amendment. She declared, "Ronald Reagan honored the role of full-time homemaker and her rights in Social Security and income tax in the face of elite feminists' demeaning of full-time mothers."<ref name="Memoirs"/>
*In 1985, when looking at the trendline that showed that half of all pre-school children had mothers in the workforce, she assured Reagan that once the economy picked up "all those women can go home and look after their own children."<ref>Sylvia Ann Hewlett (1986) A Lesser Life: The Myth of Women's Liberation in America. New York: William Morrow & Co., pg. 280; {{ISBN|0-688-04855-2}}</ref>
*In 1985, when looking at the trendline that showed that half of all pre-school children had mothers in the workforce, she assured Reagan that once the economy picked up "all those women can go home and look after their own children."<ref>Sylvia Ann Hewlett (1986) A Lesser Life: The Myth of Women's Liberation in America. New York: William Morrow & Co., pg. 280; {{ISBN|0-688-04855-2}}</ref>
*Whittlesey was the first (1984) to formulate and popularize a quote that entered political parlance about [[Ginger Rogers]] and [[Fred Astaire]] that is often<ref>{{cite news|title=List of Websites That Have Attributed Thaves' Line to Whittlesey|url=http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&rls=en-us&num=100&newwindow=1&q=%22Faith+Whittlesey%22+%22Ginger+Rogers%22+-incorrect+-incorrectly+-%22Bob+Thaves%22+-%22Ann+Richards%22&aq=f&oq=&aqi=|accessdate=2009-07-25|publisher=[[Google]]}}</ref> attributed to her: "Ginger Rogers did everything [[Fred Astaire]] did, except backwards and in high heels". The official [https://web.archive.org/web/20090803111335/http://www.gingerrogers.com/about/quotes.html Ginger Rogers website] attributes the origin of the quote to [[Bob Thaves]] who wrote in a 1982 [[Frank and Ernest (comic strip)|Frank and Ernest]] [[comic strip]] about Fred Astaire: "Sure he was great, but don't forget that Ginger Rogers did everything he did, backwards…and in high heels."
*In 1984, Whittlesey popularized a quote about [[Ginger Rogers]] and [[Fred Astaire]] that is often<ref>{{cite news|title=List of Websites That Have Attributed Thaves' Line to Whittlesey|url=https://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=%22Faith+Whittlesey%22+%22Ginger+Rogers%22+-incorrect+-incorrectly+-%22Bob+Thaves%22+-%22Ann+Richards%22|access-date=July 25, 2009}}</ref> attributed to her: "Ginger Rogers did everything [[Fred Astaire]] did, except backwards and in high heels". The official [https://web.archive.org/web/20090803111335/http://www.gingerrogers.com/about/quotes.html Ginger Rogers website] attributes the origin of the quote to [[Bob Thaves]] who wrote in a 1982 [[Frank and Ernest (comic strip)|Frank and Ernest]] [[comic strip]] about Fred Astaire: "Sure he was great, but don't forget that Ginger Rogers did everything he did, backwards… and in high heels."
*Whittlesey was fond of quoting John Quincy Adams' cautionary admonition to America about foreign entanglements and war: "We do not go abroad for monsters to destroy." <ref>"WHITTLESEY: Seeking 'monsters' to kill abroad", ''The Washington Times'', October 14, 2009.</ref>
*Whittlesey was fond of quoting John Quincy Adams' cautionary admonition to America about foreign entanglements and war: "We do not go abroad for monsters to destroy."<ref>"WHITTLESEY: Seeking 'monsters' to kill abroad", ''The Washington Times'', October 14, 2009.</ref>
*Before crowd at the [[Institute of World Politics]] in Washington, D.C. on October 5, 2012, Whittlesey said, "Listen carefully, read widely, listen to diverse opinions, and be somewhat humble about yourself and our country."<ref>{{cite news|title=Ronald Reagan’s Ginger Rogers: Ambassador Faith Whittlesey|url=http://communities.washingtontimes.com/neighborhood/world-view/2012/oct/8/ronald-reagans-ginger-rogers-ambassador-faith-whit|newspaper=Washington Times Communities|author=Timothy W. Coleman|date=2012-10-08|accessdate=January 21, 2013}}</ref>
*Before crowd at the [[Institute of World Politics]] in Washington, D.C., on October 5, 2012, Whittlesey said, "Listen carefully, read widely, listen to diverse opinions, and be somewhat humble about yourself and our country."<ref>{{cite news|title=Ronald Reagan's Ginger Rogers: Ambassador Faith Whittlesey|url=http://communities.washingtontimes.com/neighborhood/world-view/2012/oct/8/ronald-reagans-ginger-rogers-ambassador-faith-whit|newspaper=The Washington Times Communities|author=Timothy W. Coleman|date=October 8, 2012|access-date=January 21, 2013}}</ref>


===Books and forewords===
===Books and forewords===
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===Articles===
===Articles===
* Faith Whittlesey (Mar 1, 2009) "[http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/74a51894-0694-11de-ab0f-000077b07658.html America must treat its Swiss friend with care]," ''Financial Times,'' Retrieved Jul 27, 2009
* Faith Whittlesey (March 1, 2009) "[http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/74a51894-0694-11de-ab0f-000077b07658.html America must treat its Swiss friend with care]," ''Financial Times,'' Retrieved July 27, 2009
* Faith Whittlesey (Apr 18, 2016) "[http://www.philly.com/philly/opinion/20160418_Commentary__Like_Reagan__Trump_serious_about_security.html Commentary: Like Reagan, Trump Serious About Security]," ''Philadelphia Inquirer'', Retrieved Jun 7, 2018
* Faith Whittlesey (April 18, 2016) "[http://www.philly.com/philly/opinion/20160418_Commentary__Like_Reagan__Trump_serious_about_security.html Commentary: Like Reagan, Trump Serious About Security]," ''The Philadelphia Inquirer'', Retrieved June 7, 2018
* Faith Whittlesey (May 12, 2016) "[https://www.huffingtonpost.com/ambassador-faith-whittlesey/hillarys-hawkishness-out_b_9932732.html Hillary’s Hawkishness Out of Sync with Women’s Concerns]," HuffPost, Retrieved Jun 7, 2018
* Faith Whittlesey (May 12, 2016) "[https://www.huffingtonpost.com/ambassador-faith-whittlesey/hillarys-hawkishness-out_b_9932732.html Hillary's Hawkishness Out of Sync with Women's Concerns]," HuffPost, Retrieved June 7, 2018
* Faith Whittlesey (May 20, 2016) "[https://www.huffingtonpost.com/ambassador-faith-whittlesey/answer-to-general-petraeu_b_10065234.html Answer to General Petraeus and Others Seeking to Cut Off Candid Discussion]," HuffPost, Retrieved Jun 7, 2018
* Faith Whittlesey (May 20, 2016) "[https://www.huffingtonpost.com/ambassador-faith-whittlesey/answer-to-general-petraeu_b_10065234.html Answer to General Petraeus and Others Seeking to Cut Off Candid Discussion]," HuffPost, Retrieved June 7, 2018
* Faith Whittlesey (Jun 28, 2016) "[https://www.huffingtonpost.com/ambassador-faith-whittlesey/president-reagan-and-youn_b_10713678.html President Reagan and Young Mr. Trump]," HuffPost, Retrieved Jun 7, 2018
* Faith Whittlesey (June 28, 2016) "[https://www.huffingtonpost.com/ambassador-faith-whittlesey/president-reagan-and-youn_b_10713678.html President Reagan and Young Mr. Trump]," HuffPost, Retrieved June 7, 2018
* Faith Whittlesey (Jul 6, 2016) "[https://www.huffingtonpost.com/ambassador-faith-whittlesey/never---they-said-that-of_b_10845880.html NEVER: They Said That of Ronald Reagan in 1980, Too]," HuffPost, Retrieved Jun 7, 2018
* Faith Whittlesey (July 6, 2016) "[https://www.huffingtonpost.com/ambassador-faith-whittlesey/never---they-said-that-of_b_10845880.html NEVER: They Said That of Ronald Reagan in 1980, Too]," HuffPost, Retrieved June 7, 2018
* Faith Whittlesey (Jul 29, 2016) "[http://huff.to/2a5SdP1 Press 'Spins' DNC Scandal to Divert Attention from Hillary Campaign Offenses: Another Case of Special Treatment]," HuffPost, Retrieved Jun 7, 2018
* Faith Whittlesey (July 29, 2016) "[http://huff.to/2a5SdP1 Press 'Spins' DNC Scandal to Divert Attention from Hillary Campaign Offenses: Another Case of Special Treatment]," HuffPost, Retrieved June 7, 2018
* Faith Whittlesey (Aug 15, 2016) "[https://www.huffingtonpost.com/ambassador-faith-whittlesey/regarding-the-letter-in-t_b_11534886.html Regarding the Letter in ''The New York Times'' from 50 Republican ‘Endless War’ Policy Advocates]," HuffPost, Retrieved Jun 7, 2018
* Faith Whittlesey (August 15, 2016) "[https://www.huffingtonpost.com/ambassador-faith-whittlesey/regarding-the-letter-in-t_b_11534886.html Regarding the Letter in ''The New York Times'' from 50 Republican 'Endless War' Policy Advocates]," HuffPost, Retrieved June 7, 2018
* Faith Whittlesey and Patrick Gleason (Jan 26, 2017) "[https://www.forbes.com/sites/realspin/2017/01/26/mr-apprentice-can-look-to-switzerland-for-a-model-to-help-close-u-s-youth-skills-gap/#57a0cbc85838 'Mr. Apprentice' Can Look to Switzerland for a Model to Help Close U.S. Youth Skills Gap]," ''Forbes'', Retrieved Jun 7, 2018
* Faith Whittlesey and Patrick Gleason (January 26, 2017) "[https://www.forbes.com/sites/realspin/2017/01/26/mr-apprentice-can-look-to-switzerland-for-a-model-to-help-close-u-s-youth-skills-gap/#57a0cbc85838 'Mr. Apprentice' Can Look to Switzerland for a Model to Help Close U.S. Youth Skills Gap]," ''Forbes'', Retrieved June 7, 2018


===Collected papers===
===Collected papers===
Whittlesey's Collected Papers are housed at the [http://www.bu.edu/dbin/archives Howard Gotlieb Archival Research Center], Boston University.
Whittlesey's Collected Papers are housed at the [http://www.bu.edu/dbin/archives Howard Gotlieb Archival Research Center], Boston University.

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}


==References==
==References==
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*[https://www.nytimes.com/1963/05/12/archives/faith-amy-ryan-is-wed.html?sq=Faith%2520Whittlesey&scp=4&st=cse Her wedding announcement]
*[https://www.nytimes.com/1963/05/12/archives/faith-amy-ryan-is-wed.html?sq=Faith%2520Whittlesey&scp=4&st=cse Her wedding announcement]
* [http://www.hossli.com/articles/2009/03/09/die-usa-negieren-abkommen/ "Die USA negieren Abkommen"] an interview with Faith Whittlesey (in German)
* [http://www.hossli.com/articles/2009/03/09/die-usa-negieren-abkommen/ "Die USA negieren Abkommen"] an interview with Faith Whittlesey (in German)
*{{C-SPAN|Faith Whittlesey}}
*{{C-SPAN|60445}}


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[[Category:2018 deaths]]
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[[Category:Ambassadors of the United States to Switzerland]]
[[Category:Ambassadors of the United States to Switzerland]]
[[Category:American anti-communists]]
[[Category:American people of Irish descent]]
[[Category:American people of Irish descent]]
[[Category:American anti-abortion activists]]
[[Category:American anti-abortion activists]]
[[Category:Female critics of feminism]]
[[Category:Female critics of feminism]]
[[Category:Hague Academy of International Law people]]
[[Category:The Hague Academy of International Law people]]
[[Category:Members of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives]]
[[Category:Republican Party members of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives]]
[[Category:Pennsylvania lawyers]]
[[Category:Pennsylvania lawyers]]
[[Category:Pennsylvania Republicans]]
[[Category:Politicians from Delaware County, Pennsylvania]]
[[Category:People from Delaware County, Pennsylvania]]
[[Category:Politicians from Jersey City, New Jersey]]
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[[Category:People from Williamsville, New York]]
[[Category:People from Williamsville, New York]]
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[[Category:Writers from Pennsylvania]]
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[[Category:Writers from New Jersey]]
[[Category:Writers from New Jersey]]
[[Category:American United Methodists]]
[[Category:American women diplomats]]
[[Category:American women ambassadors]]
[[Category:American women ambassadors]]
[[Category:Catholics from New York (state)]]
[[Category:Converts to Roman Catholicism from Methodism]]

Latest revision as of 06:52, 12 October 2023

Faith Whittlesey
United States Ambassador to Switzerland
In office
May 31, 1985 – June 14, 1988
PresidentRonald Reagan
Preceded byJohn Davis Lodge
Succeeded byPhilip D. Winn
In office
October 23, 1981 – February 28, 1983
PresidentRonald Reagan
Preceded byRichard D. Vine
Succeeded byJohn Davis Lodge
Director of the Office of Public Liaison
In office
March 3, 1983 – March 19, 1985
PresidentRonald Reagan
Preceded byLiddy Dole
Succeeded byLinda Chavez
Member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives
from the 166th district
In office
1973–1976
Preceded byGeorge Johnson
Succeeded byStephen Freind
Personal details
Born
Faith Amy Ryan

(1939-02-21)February 21, 1939
Jersey City, New Jersey, U.S.
DiedMay 21, 2018(2018-05-21) (aged 79)
Washington, D.C., U.S.
Political partyDemocratic (before 1964)
Republican (from 1964)
SpouseRoger Whittlesey (1967–1974)
Children3
EducationWells College (BA)
University of Pennsylvania (LLB)

Faith Amy Whittlesey (née Ryan; February 21, 1939 – May 21, 2018) was an American Republican politician, White House Senior Staff member, and author. She was noted for her efforts to communicate Ronald Reagan's entire policy agenda to U.S. opinion leaders and for bringing together for the first time in the Reagan White House evangelical, Catholic, and other conservative religious groups who opposed legalized abortion and were concerned about moral and cultural decline and the break-up of the family. These groups became a significant component of the Reagan coalition as they grew more politically self-conscious in the 1980s.[1]

She organized the White House Central American Outreach Group at the direction of Chief of Staff James Baker to provide information about Reagan's anti-communist policies in the region and was an active supporter of Reagan's defense buildup and the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI).

Whittlesey served twice for a total of nearly 5 years as U.S. Ambassador to Switzerland and also served for 2 years on the Reagan White House Senior Staff as Assistant to the President for Public Liaison.

Early life and education[edit]

Faith Amy Ryan was born in 1939 in Jersey City, New Jersey, to Martin Roy Ryan and Amy Jerusha (Covell). She grew up in Williamsville, New York.[2]

Her father was a "Catholic in the Irish tradition"[3] and it was incorrectly assumed that Faith grew up as a Catholic,[4] when her mother's family did not approve of her father's Catholicism. "[S]o he left the Catholic Church", Whittlesey wrote in her memoir. "He attended the Methodist Church with my mother and brother, Tom, and me. I was thus raised as a Methodist. As a family we went to the Williamsville, New York, Methodist Church every Sunday. I went to regular Sunday school and sang in the choirs."[5] However, she converted to Roman Catholicism in 2000.[6]

She earned a full-tuition scholarship to attend Wells College in Aurora, New York, where she graduated in 1960. She earned a full-tuition scholarship to the law school at the University of Pennsylvania.[2]

Career[edit]

To earn money while in law school, Whittlesey became a substitute teacher in the City of Philadelphia (1962–64) because "[i]n my last year of law school [the female students] were advised by the law school administration not to even come to the [law firm job] interviews because we would not be hired".[3] She was admitted to the bar of Pennsylvania in 1964.[7]

Pennsylvania State Representative[edit]

In 1972 she was elected to the Pennsylvania House of Representatives representing the 166th Legislative District in Delaware County. She had canvassed door-to-door for this race while pregnant with her third child, William.[3] In 1974, she was reelected to the Legislature. In 1975, she was elected to the Delaware County Board of Commissioners,[3] now known as the Delaware County Council and reelected in 1979.[8] (Delaware County was at the time larger in population than 5 states of the Union.) She served alternately as Chairman and Vice Chairman. She lost the 1978 Republican primary for Lt. Governor of Pennsylvania.[3]

While serving in the Delaware County government, Whittlesey briefly held her first job in the private sector, taking a part-time job at the law firm Wolf, Block, Schorr & Solis-Cohen LLP in Philadelphia.[3]

Ambassador to Switzerland[edit]

Whittlesey served as U.S. Ambassador to Switzerland from 1981 to 83. In her first term as Swiss Ambassador she initiated negotiations in an acrimonious dispute between the U.S. and Switzerland that later led to the signing of a "Memorandum of Understanding on Insider Trading", the first major changing of the strict tradition of Swiss banking secrecy.[3] Of this memorandum, Ambassador Jean Zwahlen, later a Member of the Governing Board of the Swiss National Bank, wrote her: "I still keep a vivid memory of your skill to help delicate negotiations in the 80s."[5]

White House Liaison Office[edit]

Whittlesey with President Ronald Reagan in 1985

Whittlesey was named Assistant to the President for Public Liaison in 1983 at the suggestion of Ronald Reagan's Ambassador to Austria and personal assistant Helene von Damm,[9] and at the urging of White House Chief of Staff James Baker and Deputy Chief of Staff Michael Deaver.[5]

Her tenure was marked by initiatives to improve the access of conservative religious believers to the American political process and national policymaking. She was considered their most "aggressive ally" in the White House.[10]

She wrote a memo in October 1983[11] that fundamentalist and evangelical groups had done "little organizational work" for "the 1984 election period" and that to maintain Ronald Reagan's "credibility" with those groups, Catholics in particular, "the tuition tax credit bill must come up for Senate floor action this fall". She noted that school prayer was "not unlike the tuition tax credit issue. Politically we win if we get votes on the Senate floor".[12]

In 1985, she sent the anti-abortion film The Silent Scream, which was a documentary of an ultrasound abortion at three months produced in 1984 by anti-abortion activist and former NARAL founder Bernard Nathanson, to every member of Congress and arranged for a screening at the White House at which Nathanson presented the film.[13]

At its height, her office included 38 people. She developed White House outreach to labor leaders, "Reagan Democrats", and Jewish leaders. She clashed with some other members of the Reagan White House senior staff whom she regarded as "largely Washington permanent government party functionaries not very committed to advocating the President's policies in a serious or consistent way."[5]

While she was the Director of the Liaison Office (1983–85), there were conflicts with the staff of Reagan's Chief of Staff James A. Baker III and his deputy Michael Deaver, which led to Senator Arlen Specter (R-PA) and others urging her to take a federal judgeship on the Third Circuit Court of Appeals. After careful consideration, she declined the nomination.[14]

A judicial appointment would have effectively removed her from the public policy and political arena. She had taken the job of Public Liaison because of "a profound sense of obligation to the grassroots voters who had elected Reagan believing him to be a man of deep principle and traditional faith."[15]

She returned to Switzerland after Donald Regan became Chief of Staff, replacing James A. Baker.[10][3]

Iran-Contra[edit]

At the direction of White House Chief of Staff James Baker, Whittlesey spent a great deal of her time as assistant to the President for Public Liaison organizing communication of information about Reagan's policies in Central America and, in particular, the anticommunist "Contras" in Nicaragua.[16]

In 1983, she established the White House Outreach Working Group on Central America to help increase private sector understanding of Reagan's policies,[17] including working with, among many other individuals and groups, the American Security Council Foundation, to produce anti-Sandinista propaganda (what she would call "truth-telling") films, and the [18] Council for National Policy to produce materials that revealed the Marxist–Leninist orientation of the Sandanista movement.[19]

Among the groups that participated in the Outreach Group effort was the AFL-CIO because "the Sandinistas were against free labor unions."[20] Special Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs Constantine Menges cited "the very effective public outreach staff headed by Ambassador Faith Whittlesey"[21] in his reflections on Reagan foreign policy.

Despite its effectiveness, Whittlesey says the Outreach Group was shut down in 1985 when Donald Regan took over as Chief of Staff and the White House "started the brown bag operation with Ollie North. What we were doing was completely open and above board. It was an honest effort to change minds and hearts and to provide a forum for truth telling".[3] According to Whittlesey, "the Washington establishment, especially Democratic but also most of the Republican, was opposed to, wanted to downplay, or gave the silent treatment to Reagan's Central American anti-communist policies."[5]

Later, when asked about Iran-Contra she said: "I had no knowledge of the Iran-Contras connection. I had no involvement in it, nor was I asked to be a part of it."[22] The final House report on Iran-Contra concluded that Whittlesey unsuccessfully attempted to help Oliver North obtain a U.S. passport for a fake Saudi prince who claimed to have knowledge of the locations of hostages being held in Lebanon.[23]

Whittlesey emphatically denied the claim, for which she maintained no proof was produced, as a politically motivated attempt by a Democrat-dominated House to discredit her White House Outreach Group initiative, which had been "a legitimate and in every respect legal attempt to communicate Reagan's anti-communist policy in Central America."[5]

Of her association with Oliver North, she asserted, "We worked closely together. That's why I was investigated. That's why I was hauled before a congressional panel and investigated. They were criminalizing policy differences."[24]

Return to Switzerland[edit]

She resumed her duties representing the U.S. in Bern for a second term in 1985.[2]

After the Democrats took control of the Senate in 1986, giving them control of both Houses of Congress, allegations were made to Attorney General Edwin Meese that Whittlesey had granted diplomatic favors for private contributions to her State Department-administered representational fund and that she had also obstructed justice. Meese "found no 'reasonable grounds' to pursue allegations that", in contravention of the independent counsel statute, Whittlesey had "mishandled entertainment funds at the embassy or improperly aided contributors to the funds".[25][26]

Hearings into the claims were held by a House Foreign Affairs subcommittee,[27] but the hearings failed to produce substantiation of the charges.[28][29] Whittlesey resigned as ambassador in 1988.[2]

Post-government career[edit]

After leaving Switzerland, Whittlesey joined the New York-based law firm of Myerson & Kuhn[30] until its 1990 bankruptcy filing[31] She also served as president of the American Swiss Foundation.[5]

Whittlesey's diplomatic career resumed briefly in 2001 when she was named by President George W. Bush to be an At-Large Member of the U.S. Delegation to the United Nations Conference on the Illicit Trade in Small Arms and Light Weapons in All Its Aspects.[32]

She also founded a consulting firm, Maybrook Associates. She served on several corporate boards, including the U.S. Advisory Board for Nestle. From 1989 through 2012 she served as a board member of Schindler Elevator Corporation. She also served on the board of directors of Christian Freedom International, an organization dedicated to assisting persecuted Christians around the world.[33] For several years she served on the Newsmax International Advisory Board. In 2016, she became a member of the Diplomatic Advisory Board and Special Advisors to the World War I Centennial Commission. On June 17–18, 2017, she participated as a judge of the 2017 Miss District of Columbia Pageant, part of the Miss America competition.[34]

Involvement in Russia-Trump affair[edit]

She arranged for convicted Russian spy Maria Butina to meet Jeffrey Gordon on September 29, 2016, at the Swiss Ambassador's residence.[35][36] and later, in October 2016, attended J. D. Gordon's birthday party with Butina.[36][a]

Personal life[edit]

In 1963, she married Roger Weaver Whittlesey of Huntingdon Valley, Pennsylvania. Whittlesey was an advertising executive. They had three children and ten grandchildren.[33] The marriage lasted 11 years, not ending until Roger Whittlesey committed suicide in March 1974.[3] Their son Henry, who was subject to depression, committed suicide in 2012.[2]

An enthusiastic gardener, Whittlesey was presented with a new Tea Rose variety named Faith Whittlesey for her. Whittlesey was also an accomplished classical pianist.[2]

Death[edit]

Faith Whittlesey died in Washington on May 21, 2018, aged 79, of cancer.[40][2]

Writings about and by Whittlesey[edit]

Quotations[edit]

  • Regarded as a "conviction conservative", Whittlesey described Reagan's core agenda as "support for the peaceful defeat of the Soviet Union without commitment of U.S. troops in combat, defense of life, opposition to the Equal Rights Amendment with its hidden agenda of tax-funded abortion and same-sex marriage, decentralized government, lower taxes and reduced government regulation of the private sector, school prayer, defeat of Marxism-Leninism in its various permutations and manifestations, individual Second Amendment rights, the establishment of official diplomatic recognition of the Vatican, support for tuition tax credits for parochial schooling."[5]
  • When working in the Liaison Office she declared that feminism was a "straitjacket" for women[41] because she believed it reduced rather than enhanced legal rights women had previously enjoyed in child custody and marital support cases before states enacted versions of the Equal Rights Amendment. She declared, "Ronald Reagan honored the role of full-time homemaker and her rights in Social Security and income tax in the face of elite feminists' demeaning of full-time mothers."[5]
  • In 1985, when looking at the trendline that showed that half of all pre-school children had mothers in the workforce, she assured Reagan that once the economy picked up "all those women can go home and look after their own children."[42]
  • In 1984, Whittlesey popularized a quote about Ginger Rogers and Fred Astaire that is often[43] attributed to her: "Ginger Rogers did everything Fred Astaire did, except backwards and in high heels". The official Ginger Rogers website attributes the origin of the quote to Bob Thaves who wrote in a 1982 Frank and Ernest comic strip about Fred Astaire: "Sure he was great, but don't forget that Ginger Rogers did everything he did, backwards… and in high heels."
  • Whittlesey was fond of quoting John Quincy Adams' cautionary admonition to America about foreign entanglements and war: "We do not go abroad for monsters to destroy."[44]
  • Before crowd at the Institute of World Politics in Washington, D.C., on October 5, 2012, Whittlesey said, "Listen carefully, read widely, listen to diverse opinions, and be somewhat humble about yourself and our country."[45]

Books and forewords[edit]

  • Thomas Carty, Backwards in High Heels: Reagan's Madam Ambassador in Switzerland and the West Wing (Casemate Publishing, Philadelphia & Oxford, 2012); ISBN 9781612001593
  • Soviet global strategy and the Caribbean: America by the throat? , Rockford Institute, 1984; OCLC 30844100
  • Faith Whittlesey, Edson I. Gaylord. Straight talk on the economy: The capital goods industry between the great depressions of the 1930s and the 1980s, Rockford Institute, 1984; OCLC 30844105
  • Sustainable Rose Garden: Exploring 21st Century Environmental Rose Gardening edited by Pat Shanley & Peter Kukielski, foreword by Faith Whittlesey (Manhattan Rose Society Publications, 2008)
  • Switzerland under siege, 1939-1945 : a neutral nation's struggle for survival edited by Leo Schelbert, foreword by Faith Whittlesey (Picton Press, 2000); ISBN 0-89725-414-7

Articles[edit]

Collected papers[edit]

Whittlesey's Collected Papers are housed at the Howard Gotlieb Archival Research Center, Boston University.

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ Aleksandr Torshin, a close ally of Vladimir Putin and known as "The Godfather" by the convicted Russian money launderer Aleksandr Romanov, is the suspected Russian handler for Butina and had travelled extensively to the United States to meet with United States conservatives before and after the 2016 United States elections.[37][38][39]

References[edit]

  1. ^ FoxNews, "Interview with Faith Whittlesey," June 11, 2004.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g Roberts, Sam (May 24, 2018). "Faith Whittlesey, Conservative Voice and Reagan Aide, Dies at 79". The New York Times. Retrieved June 5, 2018.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "The Foreign Affairs Oral History Collection of the Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training: Interview with Faith Ryan Whittlesey" (PDF). Interviewed by Ann Miller Morin. Library of Congress. Retrieved July 25, 2009.
  4. ^ Kristin E. Heyer, Mark J. Rozell, Michael A. Genovese (2008) Catholics and Politics: The Dynamic Tension Between Faith and Power. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press; ISBN 1-58901-216-X
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Memoirs of Faith Whittlesey", Howard Gotlieb Archival Research Center, Boston University.
  6. ^ Obituary, inquirer.com. Accessed July 29, 2022.
  7. ^ "Faith Ryan Whittlesey". Avvo Lawyer Search. Retrieved July 25, 2009.
  8. ^ "Valassis Corporate Bio". Valassis Communications. Retrieved July 25, 2009.
  9. ^ Von Damm, Helene (1988) At Reagan's Side. New York: Doubleday, p. 248 ISBN 0-385-24445-2
  10. ^ a b Martin, William(1996) With God On Our Side: The Rise of the Religious Right in America. New York: Broadway. pg. 235 ISBN 0-7679-2257-3
  11. ^ Faith Whittlesey to James A. Baker III, et al., "The Fundamentalist and Evangelical Groups" and "Tuition Tax Credits, School Prayer, and Pornography", October 11, 1983, Faith Ryan Whittlesey Files, box 7F, Reagan Library
  12. ^ Lichtman, Allan J. (2000) White Protestant Nation: The Rise of the American Conservative Movement. New York: Atlantic Monthly Press, p. 376. ISBN 0-87113-984-7
  13. ^ Hudson, Deal W. (2008) Onward Christian Soldiers: The Growing Political Power of Catholics and Evangelicals in the United States, New York: Threshold Editions, pg. 236; ISBN 1-4165-2442-8
  14. ^ Simpson, Peggy (1988) Working woman. New York MacDonald Communications Corp. pg. 34
  15. ^ Hudson, Deal W. (2008) Onward Christian Soldiers: The Growing Political Power of Catholics and Evangelicals in the United States. New York: Threshold Editions, pg. 235; ISBN 1-4165-2442-8
  16. ^ Dent, David W. (1995) U.S.-Latin American Policymaking: A Reference Handbook. Santa Barbara, CA: Greenwood Press, pg. 153; ISBN 0-313-27951-9
  17. ^ Sklar, Holly (1995) Washington's War on Nicaragua. Cambridge, MA: South End Press, p. 244; ISBN 0-89608-295-4
  18. ^ Russ Bellant (1999) Old Nazis, the New Right, and the Republican Party: Domestic fascist networks and their effect on U.S. cold war politics. Cambridge, MA: South End Press. pp. 48-51; ISBN 0-89608-418-3
  19. ^ "North was member of private group once based in Baton Rouge: Powerful conservative organization formed to influence Congress, impact foreign policy". Baton Rouge State Times. Retrieved July 25, 2009.
  20. ^ Lane Kirkland, quoted in "Memoirs of Faith Whittlesey," Howard Gotlieb Archival Research Center, Boston University
  21. ^ Constantine Menges, Inside the National Security Council, p. 172
  22. ^ Bennett, Susan (December 12, 1986). "House Probers Eye Whittlesey-North Ties". Philadelphia Daily News. p. 5.
  23. ^ U.S. Representative Lee H. Hamilton & U.S. Senator Daniel Inouye's 1987 Report of the Congressional Committees Investigating the Iran/Contra Affair. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, pg. 111; ISBN 0-7881-2602-4
  24. ^ Patti Mengers, "Keeping Faith: Former Haverford politician is the focus of new biography", Main Line News, October 8, 2012.
  25. ^ Wagenveld, Mark (December 6, 1986). "Whittlesey Absolved In Funds Case". The Philadelphia Inquirer. p. A1.
  26. ^ Greenberg, Gerald S. (2000) Historical encyclopedia of U.S. independent counsel investigations. Santa Barbara, CA: Greenwood Press, pg. 227; ISBN 0-313-30735-0
  27. ^ Newman, Bud (December 11, 1986). "Panel Plans Inquiry On Whittlesey". The Philadelphia Inquirer. p. A1.
  28. ^ "Did Faith Call In IOUs To Blunt Probe Of Fund?". Philadelphia Daily News. Associated Press. December 19, 1986. p. 57.
  29. ^ Committee on Foreign Affairs. Subcommittee on International Operations (1988) Investigation of the U.S. ambassador to Switzerland. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office.
  30. ^ Charlotte Evans & Richard Halloran (July 20, 1988). "Washington Talk: Briefing; Diplomatic Decision". The New York Times. Retrieved July 25, 2009.
  31. ^ Margolick, David (February 25, 1990). "Can a Tarnished Star Regain His Luster?". The New York Times. Retrieved July 25, 2009.
  32. ^ Letter, June 29, 2001, Herb Calhoun, Deputy Director, U.S. Department of State, to The Honorable Faith Whittlesey.
  33. ^ a b "Council of American Ambassadors". 2004. Archived from the original on September 17, 2010. Retrieved August 9, 2009.
  34. ^ 2017 Miss District of Columbia Pageant: 64th Annual Pageant Competition Book.
  35. ^ Helderman, Rosalind S. (August 3, 2018). "Trump associate socialized with alleged Russian agent Maria Butina in final weeks of 2016 campaign". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on August 4, 2018. Retrieved October 7, 2020.
  36. ^ a b Scarborough, Rowan (August 3, 2018). "Ex-Trump adviser bemoans 'smear campaign' against GOP, NRA over Maria Butina connections". The Washington Times. Archived from the original on August 4, 2018. Retrieved October 7, 2020.
  37. ^ Kalmbacker, Colin (July 18, 2018). "Reminder: Prosecutor Said 'Trump's Son Should be Concerned' About Wiretaps of Butina's Alleged Handler". Law and Crime website. Archived from the original on July 18, 2018. Retrieved October 7, 2020.
  38. ^ Esteban, Duarte; Pismennaya, Evgenia; Meyer, Henry (August 8, 2016). "Mobster or Central Banker? Spanish Cops Allege This Russian Both". Bloomberg News. Archived from the original on August 10, 2016. Retrieved October 7, 2020.
  39. ^ Crime Russia staff (April 3, 2017). "Spain reaccuses Central Bank Deputy Chairman Torshin of money laundering and criminal connections". Crime Russia website. Archived from the original on June 15, 2018. Retrieved October 7, 2020.
  40. ^ Hallow, Ralph (May 21, 2018). "Faith Ryan Whittlesey, Reagan White House alum and ambassador, dead at 79". The Washington Times. Retrieved June 5, 2018.
  41. ^ Susan Faludi (2006) Backlash: The Undeclared War Against Women. New York: Crown. pg. xii ISBN 0-517-57698-8
  42. ^ Sylvia Ann Hewlett (1986) A Lesser Life: The Myth of Women's Liberation in America. New York: William Morrow & Co., pg. 280; ISBN 0-688-04855-2
  43. ^ "List of Websites That Have Attributed Thaves' Line to Whittlesey". Retrieved July 25, 2009.
  44. ^ "WHITTLESEY: Seeking 'monsters' to kill abroad", The Washington Times, October 14, 2009.
  45. ^ Timothy W. Coleman (October 8, 2012). "Ronald Reagan's Ginger Rogers: Ambassador Faith Whittlesey". The Washington Times Communities. Retrieved January 21, 2013.

External links[edit]

Diplomatic posts
Preceded by United States Ambassador to Switzerland
1981–1983 		Succeeded by
Preceded by United States Ambassador to Switzerland
1985–1988 		Succeeded by
Political offices
Preceded by Director of the Office of Public Liaison
1983–1985 		Succeeded by
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