Banning State Park: Difference between revisions
Rework lead, rmv external link not closely associated with this article |
Salmoonlight (talk | contribs) mNo edit summary |
||
| (35 intermediate revisions by 24 users not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{Short description|State park in Pine County, Minnesota}} |
|||
{{Geobox|Protected area |
|||
{{Use mdy dates|date=August 2023}} |
|||
| name = Banning State Park |
|||
{{Infobox protected area |
|||
| category = [[List of Minnesota state parks|Minnesota State Park]] |
|||
| name = Banning State Park |
|||
| image = |
|||
| |
| iucn_category = |
||
<!-- images --> |
|||
| country = {{flag|United States}} |
|||
| photo = BanningStateParkWolfCreekFalls.jpg |
|||
| state = {{flag|Minnesota}} |
|||
| photo_caption = Wolf Creek Falls |
|||
| region_type = County |
|||
<!-- map --> |
|||
| region = [[Pine County, Minnesota|Pine]] |
|||
| |
| map = USA Minnesota#USA |
||
| map_image = |
|||
| elevation_imperial = 1122 |
|||
| |
| map_size = |
||
| map_caption = Location of Banning State Park in Minnesota |
|||
| elevation_note = <ref>{{cite web | url={{Gnis3|1815047}} | title=Banning State Park | date = 1999-03-25 | work=[[Geographic Names Information System]] | publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]] | accessdate=2011-02-23}}</ref> |
|||
| |
| relief = 1 |
||
<!-- location --> |
|||
| lat_m = 9 |
|||
| location = [[Pine County, Minnesota|Pine County]], [[Minnesota]], [[United States]] |
|||
| lat_s = 53 |
|||
| |
| nearest_city = |
||
| |
| nearest_town = |
||
| coordinates = {{coord|46|9|53|N|92|51|16|W|display=inline,title}} |
|||
| long_m = 51 |
|||
| |
| coords_ref = |
||
<!-- stats --> |
|||
| long_EW = W |
|||
| |
| length = |
||
| |
| length_mi = |
||
| |
| length_km = |
||
| |
| width = |
||
| width_mi = |
|||
| management_body = Minnesota Department of Natural Resources |
|||
| width_km = |
|||
| map_locator = Minnesota |
|||
| area_acre = 6237 |
|||
| map = Minnesota Locator Map with US.PNG |
|||
| area_ref = |
|||
| map_caption = Location of Banning State Park in Minnesota |
|||
| elevation = {{convert|1122|ft|m|abbr=on}}<ref>{{cite web | url={{Gnis3|1815047}} | title=Banning State Park | date = 1999-03-25 | work=[[Geographic Names Information System]] | publisher=[[United States Geological Survey]] | access-date=2011-02-23}}</ref> |
|||
| elevation_avg = |
|||
| elevation_min = |
|||
| elevation_max = |
|||
| dimensions = |
|||
| designation = |
|||
<!-- dates & info --> |
|||
| authorized = |
|||
| created = |
|||
| designated = |
|||
| established = 1963 |
|||
| named_for = |
|||
| visitation_num = |
|||
| visitation_year = |
|||
| visitation_ref = |
|||
| governing_body = Minnesota Department of Natural Resources |
|||
| administrator = |
|||
| operator = |
|||
| owner = |
|||
<!-- website, embedded --> |
|||
| website = |
|||
| embedded = |
|||
}} |
}} |
||
[[Image:BanningStatePark arf (5).JPG|250px|right|thumb|Stone potholes carved out by the river can be found all over the park and require hikers to pay attention to where they are stepping.]] |
|||
'''Banning State Park''' is a [[state park]] |
'''Banning State Park''' is a [[state park]] in [[Pine County, Minnesota|Pine County]], [[Minnesota]], [[United States]], stretched along {{convert|10|mi|km}} of the [[Kettle River (St. Croix River)|Kettle River]] near the town of [[Sandstone, Minnesota|Sandstone]]. The centerpiece of the park is {{convert|1.5|mi|km}} of churning [[rapids]], some up to [[International Scale of River Difficulty|Class IV]]. The daring [[whitewater kayaking|kayakers]] and [[canoeing|canoeists]] who shoot Blueberry Slide, Mother's Delight, Dragon's Tooth, Little Banning, and Hell's Gate each spring attract spectators to the park. Landbound visitors can hike along the state's first Wild and Scenic River amid dramatic sandstone rock formations, large potholes carved by the river, and the remains of a historic [[quarry]]. Other features are Wolf Creek Falls and Robinson Ice Cave. The park is located directly off [[Interstate 35]].<ref name="Website">{{cite web |title=Banning State Park |url=http://www.dnr.state.mn.us/state_parks/banning/index.html |publisher=Minnesota Department of Natural Resources |access-date=2012-05-09}}</ref> Banning State Park is open daily from 8am until 10pm. Each vehicle entering the park requires an up to date permit which can be purchased online or at the park office.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Minnesota state parks vehicle permit|url=https://www.dnr.state.mn.us/state_parks/permit.html|access-date=2021-09-28|website=Minnesota Department of Natural Resources|language=en}}</ref> |
||
== |
==Natural history== |
||
The park lies in a shallow, narrow valley worn by the Kettle River. The [[topsoil]] is very thin and in the center of the park the river has cut down through [[Precambrian]] [[sandstone]] known as the Hinckley Formation and on into the [[bedrock]], resulting in a [[canyon|gorge]] (up to {{convert|40|ft|m}} tall at Hell's Gate) and {{convert|1.5|mi|km}} of churning rapids. |
|||
===Geology=== |
|||
The park is also notable for its numerous glacial potholes, smooth shafts scoured into rock. These were formed at the end of the [[Wisconsin glaciation]] when the river was swollen by the melting ice, and powerful [[eddy (fluid dynamics)|eddies]] sent debris swirling around and around, literally drilling shafts into the streambed. The Log Creek Arches in the northern section are potholes whose bottoms have been worn away on one side. |
|||
[[ |
[[File:BanningStatePark arf (5).JPG|left|thumb|One of the many [[giants kettle|stone potholes]] carved out by the Kettle River]] |
||
The park lies in a shallow, narrow valley worn by the Kettle River. The [[topsoil]] is very thin and in the center of the park the river has cut down through [[Precambrian]] [[sandstone]] known as the Hinckley Formation and on into the [[bedrock]], resulting in a [[canyon|gorge]]—up to {{convert|40|ft|m}} tall at Hell's Gate—and {{convert|1.5|mi|km}} of rapids.<ref name="Website" /> |
|||
The park is also notable for its numerous glacial [[giants kettle|potholes]], smooth shafts scoured into rock. These were formed at the end of the [[Wisconsin glaciation]] when the river was swollen by the melting ice, and powerful [[eddy (fluid dynamics)|eddies]] sent debris swirling around and around, literally drilling shafts into the streambed. The Log Creek Arches in the northern section are potholes whose bottoms have been worn away on one side. |
|||
Robinson Ice Cave is a {{convert|200|ft|m|sing=on}} deep [[cave]] in the bluffs between Wolf Creek Falls and Sandstone. The cave is not open to the public and the entrance is gated to protect the [[little brown bat]]s, [[big brown bat]]s, and [[Keen's myotis]] bats that [[hibernation|hibernate]] in it. In winter large [[stalagmite]]s of ice often form on the cave floor, but in a strict sense it is not an [[ice cave]] because the ice does not persist year-round. |
|||
Robinson Ice Cave is a {{convert|200|ft|m|adj=on}} deep [[cave]] in the bluffs between Wolf Creek Falls and [[Sandstone, Minnesota|Sandstone]]. The cave is not open to the public and the entrance is gated to protect the [[little brown bat]]s, [[big brown bat]]s, and [[Keen's myotis]] bats that [[hibernation|hibernate]] in it. In winter, large [[stalagmite]]s of ice often form on the cave floor, but in a strict sense it is not an [[ice cave]] because the ice does not persist year-round. |
|||
Below the rapids, the valley once again begins to widen. Away from the river valley, the topography is generally level to gently-rolling glacial [[till]] plain. |
|||
Below the rapids, the valley once again begins to widen. Away from the river valley, the topography is generally level to gently-rolling glacial [[till]] plain.<ref name="Brochure">{{cite web |title=Banning State Park |url=http://files.dnr.state.mn.us/maps/state_parks/spk00103_summer.pdf |publisher=Minnesota Department of Natural Resources |date=January 2005 |access-date=2012-05-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021215241/http://files.dnr.state.mn.us/maps/state_parks/spk00103_summer.pdf |archive-date=2012-10-21 |url-status=dead }}</ref> |
|||
== Flora == |
|||
[[Image:BanningStateParkMN arf (1).JPG|250px|right|thumb|Kayakers are prevalent along the Kettle River.]] |
|||
===Flora=== |
|||
The vegetation in this part of the Mille Lacs Uplands is still recovering from 19th century human industry and [[wildfire|forest fires]]. The forest was logged, and around the quarry the ground was stripped bare. Today middle-[[Ecological succession|successional]] species like [[birch]] and [[aspen]] are more prevalent than the [[Red Pine|Norway]] and [[Eastern White Pine|eastern white pines]] that would have originally dominated the area. |
|||
The vegetation in this part of the Mille Lacs Uplands is still recovering from 19th century human industry and [[wildfire|forest fires]]. The forest was logged, and around the quarry the ground was stripped bare. Today middle-[[Ecological succession|successional]] species like [[birch]] and [[aspen]] are more prevalent than the [[Red Pine|Norway]] and [[Eastern White Pine|eastern white pines]] that would have originally dominated the area.<ref name="Website" /> |
|||
== Fauna == |
|||
[[Image:BanningStateParkMN arf (3).JPG|250px|right|thumb|Kayakers shooting Blueberry Slide.]] |
|||
184 bird species have been sighted in Banning State Park, including [[ruffed grouse]]. Commonly spotted mammals include white-tailed deer, black bear, fox, coyote, raccoon, beaver, and snowshoe hare. 17 species of reptiles and amphibians, and 34 species of mammals live in the park. |
|||
== |
===Fauna=== |
||
184 bird species have been sighted in Banning State Park, including [[ruffed grouse]]. Commonly spotted mammals include [[white-tailed deer]], [[American black bear|black bear]], [[fox]], [[northeastern coyote|coyote]], [[raccoon]], [[North American beaver|beaver]], and [[snowshoe hare]]. 17 species of reptiles and amphibians and 34 species of mammals live in this park.<ref name="Brochure" /> |
|||
[[Image:BanningStateParkMN arf (4).JPG|250px|right|thumb|Kayaker losing control and being flipped along Dragon's Tooth on the Kettle River.]] |
|||
The durable, pink-colored sandstone exposed by the river was an ideal construction material, and in 1892 quarrying began after the [[St. Paul and Duluth Railroad]] laid a spur to the outcrop. The 1894 [[Great Hinckley Fire]] was a major setback, but quarrying bounced back quickly, and two years later a town arose just outside the quarry. It was named Banning after the president of the railroad, whose tracks allowed the stones to be shipped to [[Saint Paul, Minnesota|St. Paul]], [[Duluth, Minnesota|Duluth]], and beyond. The quarrying frenzy was over by 1905, a victim of local and national factors. Within the quarry most of the easily extractable high-quality sandstone was gone, and there was a nation-wide architectural move away from stone to [[structural steel]]. An [[asphalt]] company lingered on until 1912, but when it closed so too did the town of Banning. The railroad company removed its tracks later that decade. In 1959 the Pine County Historical Society interested the state in acquiring the Banning [[ghost town]] as a historical site. Given the obvious scenic value of the area, the proposal quickly evolved into a call for a new state park. A bill to this effect was ratified in 1963, although the state didn't acquire enough land to begin developing recreational facilities until 1967. An undeveloped northern section was added in 1986. In 1995 a dam at the southern tip of the park was removed, restoring a waterfall and another series of rapids. Ironically the remains of the town, which prompted the creation of the park, are no longer even visible. |
|||
==Cultural history== |
|||
{{OSM Location map |
|||
| lat=46.185 |
|||
| lon=-92.85 |
|||
| zoom=11 |
|||
| width=250 |
|||
| caption=Banning State Park |
|||
|map-data=Q3364017}} |
|||
The durable, pink-colored sandstone exposed by the river was an ideal construction material, and in 1892 quarrying began after the [[St. Paul and Duluth Railroad]] laid a spur to the outcrop. The 1894 [[Great Hinckley Fire]] was a major setback, but quarrying bounced back quickly, and two years later a town arose just outside the quarry. It was named Banning after the president of the railroad, whose tracks allowed the stones to be shipped to [[Saint Paul, Minnesota|St. Paul]], [[Duluth, Minnesota|Duluth]], and beyond. The quarrying frenzy was over by 1905, a victim of local and national factors. Within the quarry most of the easily extractable high-quality sandstone was gone, and there was a nationwide architectural move away from stone to [[structural steel]]. An [[Asphalt concrete|asphalt]] company lingered on until 1912, but when it closed so too did the town of [[Banning, Minnesota|Banning]]. The railroad company removed its tracks later that decade.<ref name="Website" /> |
|||
In 1959 the Pine County Historical Society interested the state in acquiring the [[Banning, Minnesota|Banning ghost town]] as a historical site. Given the obvious scenic value of the area, the proposal quickly evolved into a call for a new state park. A bill to this effect was ratified in 1963, although the state didn't acquire enough land to begin developing recreational facilities until 1967. An undeveloped northern section was added in 1986.<ref name="Meyer">{{cite book | last = Meyer | first = Roy W. | year = 1991 | title = Everyone's Country Estate: A History of Minnesota's State Parks | publisher = Minnesota Historical Society Press | location = St. Paul, MN | isbn = 0-87351-265-0}}</ref> In 1995 a dam at the southern tip of the park was removed, restoring a waterfall and another series of rapids.<ref name="Website" /> Ironically the remains of the town, which prompted the creation of the park, are no longer even visible. |
|||
==Recreation== |
==Recreation== |
||
[[ |
[[File:BanningStateParkMN arf (1).JPG|right|thumb|A kayaker on the Kettle River]] |
||
The Kettle River is a destination for whitewater paddling including rafting, [[canoe]]ing and [[kayak]]ing. Within the park there are two carry-in access points and two boat ramps. Much of the river is Class I, with portages around the rapids.<ref>{{cite book |last=Bewer |first=Tim |title=Moon Handbooks: Minnesota |publisher=Avalon Travel Publishing |location=Emeryville, Calif. |year=2007}}</ref> Fishing is also available along the Kettle River, which has held and produced state-record sturgeon.{{Citation needed|date=May 2012}} |
|||
*'''Camping''': There is a campground with 33 sites (11 with electrical hookups) and a camper cabin. There are 4 canoe campsites spaced along the river. |
|||
Banning State Park's drive-in campground has 33 sites (11 with electrical hookups), a camper cabin, and showers. There are four canoe campsites spaced along the river. Banning State Park staff also manage a campground within nearby [[General C. C. Andrews State Forest]] that boasts 38 drive-in sites, 2 walk-in sites, and a group tent camp.<ref name="Website" /> |
|||
*'''Fishing''': Along the Kettle River. The River has held and produced state record Sturgeon. |
|||
*'''Trails''': The park has {{convert|14|mi|km}} of hiking trails and {{convert|11|mi|km}} groomed for cross-country skiing. |
|||
The park has {{convert|17|mi|km}} of [[hiking]] trails. A paved [[bicycling]] path leads out of the park and connects with the [[Willard Munger State Trail]]. In winter {{convert|11|mi|km}} of trail are [[snow grooming|groomed]] for [[cross-country skiing]] and {{convert|6|mi|km}} are open for [[snowmobile|snowmobiling]]; [[snowshoe]]ing is allowed anywhere in the park except for the groomed trails. Banning State Park hosts a number of bouldering locations for rock climbers. The boulders are listed in the guidebook Minnesota & Wisconsin bouldering.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Cargill |first=Oklobzjia|display-authors=etal|title=Minnesota and Wisconsin Bouldering|publisher=Carvonzija|year=2016|isbn=9780692819814|location=Minnesota|pages=75–85}}</ref> |
|||
**Quarry Loop Trail (hiking/skiing): A level path past the picturesque remains of the quarrying operations and along the river. Interpretive brochures at trailhead (1.8 mi). |
|||
**Hell's Gate Trail (hiking): A rugged spur off the Quarry Loop stopping just above the Hell's Gate rapids. Also passes the park's most accessible potholes. |
|||
**Wolf Creek Trail (hiking): Leads from the park office to Wolf Creek Falls and then along the river all the way into Sandstone. |
|||
**High Bluff Trail (hiking/skiing): An alternate route from the campground to Wolf Creek Falls. |
|||
**Skunk Cabbage Trail (hiking/skiing): A loop along the river and then inland through the pine/aspen/birch forest (2.2 mi). |
|||
**Log Creek Arches (hiking/snowmobiling): Access the remote northern section of the park from the towns of [[Rutledge, Minnesota|Rutledge]] or [[Askov, Minnesota|Askov]]. |
|||
==References== |
==References== |
||
{{reflist}} |
{{reflist}} |
||
*Arthur, Anne. ''Minnesota's State Parks''. Adventure Publications, Inc.: Cambridge, MN, 1998. |
|||
*Bewer, Tim. ''Moon Handbooks: Minnesota''. Avalon Travel Publishing: Emeryville, CA, 2004. |
|||
*Green, Doris. ''Minnesota Underground & the Best of the Black Hills''. Trail Books: Black Earth, WI, 2003. |
|||
*Meyer, Roy W. ''Everyone's Country Estate: A History of Minnesota's State Parks''. Minnesota Historical Society Press: St. Paul, 1991. |
|||
*Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. 2006. The Minnesota Department of Natural Resources Web Site (online). |
|||
==External links== |
==External links== |
||
{{Commons category}} |
{{Commons category|Banning State Park}} |
||
*[http://www.dnr.state.mn.us/state_parks/banning/index.html Banning State Park] |
*[http://www.dnr.state.mn.us/state_parks/banning/index.html Banning State Park] |
||
{{Protected Areas of Minnesota}} |
{{Protected Areas of Minnesota}} |
||
{{authority control}} |
|||
[[Category:Minnesota state parks]] |
|||
[[Category:1963 establishments in Minnesota]] |
|||
[[Category:Protected areas established in 1963]] |
[[Category:Protected areas established in 1963]] |
||
[[Category:Protected areas of Pine County, Minnesota]] |
[[Category:Protected areas of Pine County, Minnesota]] |
||
[[Category:State parks of Minnesota]] |
|||
[[fr:Parc d'État de Banning]] |
|||
Latest revision as of 17:33, 14 November 2023
| Banning State Park | |
|---|---|
 Wolf Creek Falls | |
  Location of Banning State Park in Minnesota  Banning State Park (the United States) | |
| Location | Pine County, Minnesota, United States |
| Coordinates | 46°9′53″N 92°51′16″W / 46.16472°N 92.85444°W |
| Area | 6,237 acres (25.24 km2) |
| Elevation | 1,122 ft (342 m)[1] |
| Established | 1963 |
| Governing body | Minnesota Department of Natural Resources |
Banning State Park is a state park in Pine County, Minnesota, United States, stretched along 10 miles (16 km) of the Kettle River near the town of Sandstone. The centerpiece of the park is 1.5 miles (2.4 km) of churning rapids, some up to Class IV. The daring kayakers and canoeists who shoot Blueberry Slide, Mother's Delight, Dragon's Tooth, Little Banning, and Hell's Gate each spring attract spectators to the park. Landbound visitors can hike along the state's first Wild and Scenic River amid dramatic sandstone rock formations, large potholes carved by the river, and the remains of a historic quarry. Other features are Wolf Creek Falls and Robinson Ice Cave. The park is located directly off Interstate 35.[2] Banning State Park is open daily from 8am until 10pm. Each vehicle entering the park requires an up to date permit which can be purchased online or at the park office.[3]
Natural history[edit]
Geology[edit]
.JPG)
The park lies in a shallow, narrow valley worn by the Kettle River. The topsoil is very thin and in the center of the park the river has cut down through Precambrian sandstone known as the Hinckley Formation and on into the bedrock, resulting in a gorge—up to 40 feet (12 m) tall at Hell's Gate—and 1.5 miles (2.4 km) of rapids.[2]
The park is also notable for its numerous glacial potholes, smooth shafts scoured into rock. These were formed at the end of the Wisconsin glaciation when the river was swollen by the melting ice, and powerful eddies sent debris swirling around and around, literally drilling shafts into the streambed. The Log Creek Arches in the northern section are potholes whose bottoms have been worn away on one side.
Robinson Ice Cave is a 200-foot (61 m) deep cave in the bluffs between Wolf Creek Falls and Sandstone. The cave is not open to the public and the entrance is gated to protect the little brown bats, big brown bats, and Keen's myotis bats that hibernate in it. In winter, large stalagmites of ice often form on the cave floor, but in a strict sense it is not an ice cave because the ice does not persist year-round.
Below the rapids, the valley once again begins to widen. Away from the river valley, the topography is generally level to gently-rolling glacial till plain.[4]
Flora[edit]
The vegetation in this part of the Mille Lacs Uplands is still recovering from 19th century human industry and forest fires. The forest was logged, and around the quarry the ground was stripped bare. Today middle-successional species like birch and aspen are more prevalent than the Norway and eastern white pines that would have originally dominated the area.[2]
Fauna[edit]
184 bird species have been sighted in Banning State Park, including ruffed grouse. Commonly spotted mammals include white-tailed deer, black bear, fox, coyote, raccoon, beaver, and snowshoe hare. 17 species of reptiles and amphibians and 34 species of mammals live in this park.[4]
Cultural history[edit]
The durable, pink-colored sandstone exposed by the river was an ideal construction material, and in 1892 quarrying began after the St. Paul and Duluth Railroad laid a spur to the outcrop. The 1894 Great Hinckley Fire was a major setback, but quarrying bounced back quickly, and two years later a town arose just outside the quarry. It was named Banning after the president of the railroad, whose tracks allowed the stones to be shipped to St. Paul, Duluth, and beyond. The quarrying frenzy was over by 1905, a victim of local and national factors. Within the quarry most of the easily extractable high-quality sandstone was gone, and there was a nationwide architectural move away from stone to structural steel. An asphalt company lingered on until 1912, but when it closed so too did the town of Banning. The railroad company removed its tracks later that decade.[2]
In 1959 the Pine County Historical Society interested the state in acquiring the Banning ghost town as a historical site. Given the obvious scenic value of the area, the proposal quickly evolved into a call for a new state park. A bill to this effect was ratified in 1963, although the state didn't acquire enough land to begin developing recreational facilities until 1967. An undeveloped northern section was added in 1986.[5] In 1995 a dam at the southern tip of the park was removed, restoring a waterfall and another series of rapids.[2] Ironically the remains of the town, which prompted the creation of the park, are no longer even visible.
Recreation[edit]
.JPG)
The Kettle River is a destination for whitewater paddling including rafting, canoeing and kayaking. Within the park there are two carry-in access points and two boat ramps. Much of the river is Class I, with portages around the rapids.[6] Fishing is also available along the Kettle River, which has held and produced state-record sturgeon.[citation needed]
Banning State Park's drive-in campground has 33 sites (11 with electrical hookups), a camper cabin, and showers. There are four canoe campsites spaced along the river. Banning State Park staff also manage a campground within nearby General C. C. Andrews State Forest that boasts 38 drive-in sites, 2 walk-in sites, and a group tent camp.[2]
The park has 17 miles (27 km) of hiking trails. A paved bicycling path leads out of the park and connects with the Willard Munger State Trail. In winter 11 miles (18 km) of trail are groomed for cross-country skiing and 6 miles (9.7 km) are open for snowmobiling; snowshoeing is allowed anywhere in the park except for the groomed trails. Banning State Park hosts a number of bouldering locations for rock climbers. The boulders are listed in the guidebook Minnesota & Wisconsin bouldering.[7]
References[edit]
- ^ "Banning State Park". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey. March 25, 1999. Retrieved February 23, 2011.
- ^ a b c d e f "Banning State Park". Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. Retrieved May 9, 2012.
- ^ "Minnesota state parks vehicle permit". Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. Retrieved September 28, 2021.
- ^ a b "Banning State Park" (PDF). Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. January 2005. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 21, 2012. Retrieved May 9, 2012.
- ^ Meyer, Roy W. (1991). Everyone's Country Estate: A History of Minnesota's State Parks. St. Paul, MN: Minnesota Historical Society Press. ISBN 0-87351-265-0.
- ^ Bewer, Tim (2007). Moon Handbooks: Minnesota. Emeryville, Calif.: Avalon Travel Publishing.
- ^ Cargill, Oklobzjia; et al. (2016). Minnesota and Wisconsin Bouldering. Minnesota: Carvonzija. pp. 75–85. ISBN 9780692819814.
External links[edit]
