Gaofen: Difference between revisions
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{{short description|Chinese satellites}} |
{{short description|Chinese satellites}} |
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{{unreliable sources|date=September 2020}} |
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{{Use American English|date=December 2020}} |
{{Use American English|date=December 2020}} |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}} |
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2020}} |
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{{disputed|Jilin|date=December 2022}} |
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{{Infobox space program |
{{Infobox space program |
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| country = China |
| country = China |
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| status = Active |
| status = Active |
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| duration = |
| duration = |
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| firstflight = 26 April 2013 |
| firstflight = 26 April 2013 |
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| |
| lastflight = 20 August 2023 |
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| successes = 32 |
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| failures = 1 |
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| launchsite = {{Hlist | [[Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center|TSLC]] | [[Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center|JSLC]] | [[Xichang Satellite Launch Center|XSLC]]}} |
| launchsite = {{Hlist | [[Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center|TSLC]] | [[Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center|JSLC]] | [[Xichang Satellite Launch Center|XSLC]]}} |
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| launcher = {{Hlist | [[Long March 2D]] | [[Long March 3B]] | [[Long March 4B]] | [[Long March 4C]] | [[Kuaizhou-1A]] | [[Long March 11|Long March 11H]]}} |
| launcher = {{Hlist | [[Long March 2D]] | [[Long March 3B]] | [[Long March 4B]] | [[Long March 4C]] | [[Kuaizhou-1A]] | [[Long March 11|Long March 11H]]}} |
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| native_name_a = 高分 |
| native_name_a = 高分 |
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| native_name_r = Gāo Fēn |
| native_name_r = Gāo Fēn |
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| image = File:Chinese News Rendering of Gaofen Satellite.png |
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}} |
}} |
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'''Gaofen''' ({{Zh|c=高分|p=Gāofēn|l=high resolution}}) is a series of Chinese [[Image resolution|high-resolution]] [[Earth imaging satellite]]s |
'''Gaofen''' ({{Zh|c=高分|p=Gāofēn|l=high resolution}}) is a series of Chinese [[Image resolution|high-resolution]] [[Earth imaging satellite]]s launched as part of the China High-resolution Earth Observation System (CHEOS) program.<ref name="SFN20200908">{{cite web|url=https://spaceflightnow.com/2020/09/08/china-launches-another-gaofen-earth-observation-satellite-2/|title=China launches another Gaofen Earth observation satellite|publisher=Spaceflight Now|date=8 September 2020|access-date=9 September 2020|archive-date=10 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200910173053/https://spaceflightnow.com/2020/09/08/china-launches-another-gaofen-earth-observation-satellite-2/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last1=Chen |first1=Liangfu |last2=Letu |first2=Husi |last3=Fan |first3=Meng |last4=Shang |first4=Huazhe |last5=Tao |first5=Jinhua |last6=Wu |first6=Laixiong |last7=Zhang |first7=Ying |last8=Yu |first8=Chao |last9=Gu |first9=Jianbin |last10=Zhang |first10=Ning |last11=Hong |first11=Jin |date=2022-04-08 |title=An Introduction to the Chinese High-Resolution Earth Observation System: Gaofen-1~7 Civilian Satellites |journal=Journal of Remote Sensing |language=en |volume=2022 |pages=1–14 |doi=10.34133/2022/9769536|bibcode=2022JRemS202269536C |s2cid=247446513 |doi-access=free }}</ref> CHEOS is a state-sponsored, civilian [[Earth observation satellite|Earth-observation]] program used for [[Agriculture|agricultural]], [[disaster]], [[Natural resource|resource]], and [[environmental monitoring]]. Proposed in 2006 and approved in 2010, the CHEOS program consists of the Gaofen series of space-based [[satellite]]s, [[Mesosphere|near-space]] and airborne systems such as [[airship]]s and [[Unmanned aerial vehicle|UAVs]], ground systems that conduct data receipt, processing, calibration, and taskings, and a system of applications that fuse observation data with other sources to produce usable information and knowledge.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite conference |date=February 2014 |title=China High-resolution Earth Observation System (CHEOS) and its Latest Development |url=https://www.unoosa.org/pdf/pres/stsc2014/tech-47E.pdf |conference= |publisher=Earth Observation System and Data Center, [[CNSA]] |access-date=4 June 2022 |archive-date=11 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220511130306/https://www.unoosa.org/pdf/pres/stsc2014/tech-47E.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> |
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Although the first seven Gaofen satellites and their payloads have been heavily detailed, little to no details on Gaofen 8 and later satellites have been revealed prompting suggestions that Gaofen satellites may be dual purpose supporting both civilian and military missions.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite report |url=https://www.thespacereview.com/article/4453/1 |title=An analysis of Chinese remote sensing satellites |last=Smid |first=Henk H.F. |date=26 September 2022 |publisher=Space Review |access-date=23 October 2022 |archive-date=23 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221023054740/https://www.thespacereview.com/article/4453/1 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Qi |first=Lu |date=27 December 2021 |title=呂琪:夜空中最亮的星—盤點中國系列衛星 |language=zh |trans-title=[Military Blog Review] Lv Qi: The Brightest Star in the Night Sky - Inventory of Chinese Satellites |work=Lite News Hong Kong |url=https://www.litenews.hk/news/13308-%E3%80%90%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%8B%E5%8D%9A%E8%A9%95%E3%80%91%E5%91%82%E7%90%AA%EF%BC%9A%E5%A4%9C%E7%A9%BA%E4%B8%AD%E6%9C%80%E4%BA%AE%E7%9A%84%E6%98%9F%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E7%9B%A4%E9%BB%9E%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97%E8%A1%9B%E6%98%9F |access-date=4 September 2022 |archive-date=4 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220904191031/https://www.litenews.hk/news/13308-%E3%80%90%E8%BB%8D%E4%BA%8B%E5%8D%9A%E8%A9%95%E3%80%91%E5%91%82%E7%90%AA%EF%BC%9A%E5%A4%9C%E7%A9%BA%E4%B8%AD%E6%9C%80%E4%BA%AE%E7%9A%84%E6%98%9F%E2%80%94%E2%80%94%E7%9B%A4%E9%BB%9E%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E7%B3%BB%E5%88%97%E8%A1%9B%E6%98%9F |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Zhen |first=Liu |date=12 October 2020 |title=China is sending more of its Gaofen satellites into space. Here's why |work=[[South China Morning Post]] |url=https://www.scmp.com/news/china/military/article/3105209/china-sending-more-its-gaofen-satellites-space-heres-why?module=perpetual_scroll_0&pgtype=article&campaign=3105209 |access-date=4 September 2022 |archive-date=4 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220904191028/https://www.scmp.com/news/china/military/article/3105209/china-sending-more-its-gaofen-satellites-space-heres-why?module=perpetual_scroll_0&pgtype=article&campaign=3105209 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Jones |first=Andrew |date=22 November 2021 |title=China launches new Gaofen-11 high resolution spy satellite to match U.S. capabilities |work=[[SpaceNews]] |url=https://spacenews.com/china-launches-new-gaofen-11-high-resolution-spy-satellite-to-match-u-s-capabilities/}}</ref> |
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In 2003, the [[China National Space Administration]] (CNSA) agreed with [[Roscosmos]] to share Gaofen data for data from Russia's Earth observation satellites of similar capability. This agreement was expanded in August 2021 when leaders from [[BRICS]] [[List of government space agencies|space agencies]] agreed to share space-based [[remote sensing]] data.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Iderawumi |first=Mustapha |date=19 August 2021 |title=BRICS Space Agencies Leaders Signed Agreement to Share Remote Sensing Satellite Data |work=Space in Africa |url=https://africanews.space/brics-space-agencies-leaders-signed-agreement-to-share-remote-sensing-satellite-data/ |access-date=19 May 2022 |archive-date=19 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210819203719/https://africanews.space/brics-space-agencies-leaders-signed-agreement-to-share-remote-sensing-satellite-data/ |url-status=live }}</ref> |
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== Notable satellites == |
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=== Gaofen-5 === |
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Gaofen-5 has been lauded as the "flagship of the environment and atmosphere observation satellite in the CHEOS program". Launched on 8 May 2018 from [[Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center]] (TSLC) into [[Sun-synchronous orbit]], Gaofen-5 carries six [[Payload|payloads]]: an Advanced [[Hyperspectral imaging|Hyperspectral Imagery]] sensor (AHSI), Atmospheric [[Infrared]] [[Hyperspectral imaging|Ultraspectral]] Sensor (AIUS), Directional [[Polarimetry|Polarization]] Camera (DPC), Environment Monitoring Instrument (EMI), [[Greenhouse gas|Greenhouse-gases]] Monitoring Instrument (GMI), and [[VNIR|Visual and Infrared]] [[Multispectral imaging|Multispectral]] Sensor (VIMS).<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last1=Zhengqiang |first1=Li |last2=Hou |first2=Weizhen |last3=Hong |first3=Jin |last4=Zheng |first4=Fengxun |last5=Luo |first5=Donggen |last6=Wang |first6=Jun |last7=Gu |first7=Xingfa |last8=Qiao |first8=Yanli |date=12 April 2018 |title=Directional Polarimetric Camera (DPC): Monitoring aerosol spectral optical properties over land from satellite observation |url=https://arroma.uiowa.edu/docs/publication/paper_pdf/2018/1-s2.0-S002240731830253X-main.pdf |journal=Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer |volume=218 |location=University of Iowa, Chinese Academy of Sciences |publication-date=7 July 2018 |issue=218 |pages=22–23 |doi=10.1016/j.jqsrt.2018.07.003 |bibcode=2018JQSRT.218...21L |s2cid=126349523 |via=Elsevier Science Direct |access-date=23 October 2022 |archive-date=23 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221023054740/https://arroma.uiowa.edu/docs/publication/paper_pdf/2018/1-s2.0-S002240731830253X-main.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> |
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The Advanced Hyperspectral Imagery (AHSI) sensor payload aboard Gaofen-5 claims to be the first space-based hyperspectral imaging sensor utilizing both convex grating spectrophotometry and a three concentric-mirror (Offner) configuration.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last1=Liu |first1=Yin-Nian |last2=Sun |first2=De-Xin |last3=Hu |first3=Xiao-Ning |last4=Liu |first4=Shu-Feng |last5=Cao |first5=Kai-Qin |date=2020-06-01 |title=AHSI: the Hyperspectral Imager on China's GaoFen-5 Satellite |journal=Earth and Environmental Science |volume=509 |issue=1 |pages=012033 |doi=10.1088/1755-1315/509/1/012033|bibcode=2020E&ES..509a2033L |s2cid=225552086 |doi-access=free }}</ref> The AHSI uses spectrophotometry to measure the light [[Spectral density|spectra]] reflected, transmitted, or emitted by an imaged object to detect or identify objects on the ground.<ref name=":2" /> In civilian applications, the AHSI allows analysts to conduct [[environmental monitoring]] and [[Natural resource|resource]] discovery while in a military application would allow analysts to detect and identify an adversary's equipment or spot non-[[multi-spectral camouflage]].<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Hsu |first1=Su May |last2=Kerekes |first2=J.P. |last3=Berke |first3=Hsiao-Hua |last4=Crooks |first4=S. |title=Proceedings of the 1999 IEEE Radar Conference. Radar into the Next Millennium (Cat. No.99CH36249) |chapter=SAR and HSI data fusion for counter CC&D |date=April 1999 |chapter-url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/767320 |pages=218–220 |doi=10.1109/NRC.1999.767320 |isbn=0-7803-4977-6 |s2cid=15912558 |access-date=25 October 2022 |archive-date=24 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221024090108/https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/767320/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name=":3">{{Cite journal |last1=Ge |first1=Xiangyu |last2=Ding |first2=Jianli |last3=Teng |first3=Dexiong |last4=Xie |first4=Boqiang |last5=Zhang |first5=Xianlong |last6=Wang |first6=Jinjie |last7=Han |first7=Lijing |last8=Bao |first8=Qingling |last9=Wang |first9=Jingzhe |date=2022-08-01 |title=Exploring the capability of Gaofen-5 hyperspectral data for assessing soil salinity risks |journal=International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation |language=en |volume=112 |pages=102969 |doi=10.1016/j.jag.2022.102969 |s2cid=251557178 |issn=1569-8432|doi-access=free }}</ref> AHSI has a 30 meter [[spatial resolution]] and 5 nanometer [[spectral resolution]] in the visible, near-infrared (NIR), and short-wave infrared (SWIR) [[wavelength]] ranges.<ref name=":3" /> |
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The Atmospheric Infrared Ultraspectral Sensor (AIUS) payload aboard Gaofen-5 is China's first [[Hyperspectral imaging|hyperspectral]] [[occultation]] [[spectrometer]] meaning it measures the spectra of imaged [[Atmospheric chemistry|atmospheric particles]] between the sensor and the Sun.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Li |first1=Xiaoying |last2=Xu |first2=Jian |last3=Cheng |first3=Tianhai |last4=Shi |first4=Hailiang |last5=Zhang |first5=Xingying |last6=Ge |first6=Shule |last7=Wang |first7=Hongmei |last8=Zhu |first8=Songyan |last9=Miao |first9=Jing |last10=Luo |first10=Qi |date=January 2019 |title=Monitoring Trace Gases over the Antarctic Using Atmospheric Infrared Ultraspectral Sounder Onboard GaoFen-5: Algorithm Description and First Retrieval Results of O3, H2O, and HCl |journal=Remote Sensing |language=en |volume=11 |issue=17 |pages=1991 |doi=10.3390/rs11171991 |bibcode=2019RemS...11.1991L |issn=2072-4292|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite conference |last=Chen |first=Liangfu |date=13 October 2016 |title=Mission Overview GaoFen-5 |url=https://ceos.org/document_management/Virtual_Constellations/ACC/Meetings/AC-VC-12/Day%201/5.%20Linagfu%20Chen%20-%20Gaofeng-5%201013.pdf |conference=12th Meeting of the CEOS Atmospheric Composition Virtual Constellation |type=PowerPoint presentation |publication-place=Seoul, Korea |access-date=23 October 2022 |archive-date=23 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221023054742/https://ceos.org/document_management/Virtual_Constellations/ACC/Meetings/AC-VC-12/Day%201/5.%20Linagfu%20Chen%20-%20Gaofeng-5%201013.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> AIUS allows scientists to monitor [[atmospheric circulation]] by tracing {{chem|H|2|O}} ([[water vapor]]), temperature, pressure, and various carbon and halogen-containing gas pollutants such as [[chlorofluorocarbon]]s (CFCs), [[dinitrogen pentoxide]], and [[chlorine nitrate]].<ref name=":4" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Chen |first1=L. |last2=Tao |first2=M. |last3=Wang |first3=Z. |date=2018-12-01 |title=The GaoFen-5 satellite for air pollution monitoring in China: first results and general performance |journal=AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts |url=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018AGUFM.A51A..04C |volume=2018 |pages=A51A–04 |bibcode=2018AGUFM.A51A..04C |access-date=23 October 2022 |archive-date=23 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221023054740/https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018AGUFM.A51A..04C |url-status=live }}</ref> A [[Michelson interferometer]], AIUS images wavelengths between 2.4 and 13.3 [[Micrometre|micrometers]] (near to mid-wave [[infrared]]) at a 0.3 [[Centimetre|centimeter]] resolution and a ±10° [[field of view]].<ref name=":4" /> |
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Gaofen-5's Directional Polarimetric Camera (DPC) is China's first space-based multi-angle polarimetric camera.<ref name=":1" /> Prior to GF-5's launch, in September 2016, China had experimented with polarimetric imaging in 2016 aboard the [[Tiangong-2]] space laboratory and launched its Cloud and Aerosol Polarimetric Imager (CAPI) aboard [[TanSat]] in December of that year.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=TanSat |url=https://www.eoportal.org/satellite-missions/tansat |website=eoPortal |access-date=23 October 2022 |archive-date=23 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221023054741/https://www.eoportal.org/satellite-missions/tansat |url-status=live }}</ref> CAPI imaged clouds within 670 and 1640 [[Nanometre|nanometer]] channels but was restricted to fixed-angle imaging. The DPC aboard Gaofen-5 enables [[Atmospheric chemistry|atmospheric]] [[spectroscopy]] in three polarized bands (90, 670, and 865 [[Nanometre|nm]]; polarized at 0°, 60°, and 120°) and five non-polarized bands (443, 565, 763, 765, and 910 nm), all wavelengths from [[green]] to [[Infrared|near-infrared]] (NIR). A step motor rotates the 512 × 512 [[pixel]] [[charge-coupled device]] (CCD) imager ±50° providing a 1,850 km swath of [[Satellite imagery|imagery]] at 3.3 km resolution.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Qie |first1=Lili |last2=Li |first2=Zhengqiang |last3=Zhu |first3=Sifeng |last4=Xu |first4=Hua |last5=Xie |first5=Yisong |last6=Qiao |first6=Rui |last7=Hong |first7=Jun |last8=Tu |first8=Bihai |date=13 August 2021 |title=In-flight radiometric and polarimetric calibration of the Directional Polarimetric Camera onboard the GaoFen-5 satellite over the ocean |url=https://opg.optica.org/ao/viewmedia.cfm?uri=ao-60-24-7186 |journal=Applied Optics |volume=60 |issue=24 |pages=7186–7199 |doi=10.1364/AO.422980 |pmid=34613006 |bibcode=2021ApOpt..60.7186Q |s2cid=237688592 |access-date=23 October 2022 |archive-date=23 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221023054740/https://opg.optica.org/ao/viewmedia.cfm?uri=ao-60-24-7186 |url-status=live }}</ref> |
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== Satellites == |
== Satellites == |
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Since the program's start in 2013, the People's Republic of China has launched 30 Gaofen-series satellites and has not yet experienced a launch failure. [[Jilin-1|Jilin-1 satellites]] described as 'Gaofen' are not part of the government's Gaofen series, rather are described as having high resolution ({{Zh|c=高分|p=Gāofēn}}).<ref>{{Cite news |last=Jones |first=Andrew |date=9 December 2022 |title=China launches hyperspectral Earth-imaging satellite to orbit (video) |work=[[Space.com]] |url=https://www.space.com/china-launches-earth-imaging-satellite-gaofen-5-01a |access-date=11 December 2022 |archive-date=11 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221211220932/https://www.space.com/china-launches-earth-imaging-satellite-gaofen-5-01a |url-status=live }}</ref> |
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{|class="wikitable sortable" |
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{| class="wikitable sortable" |
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!Designation |
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!Designation !! [[International Designator|COSPAR ID]] !! [[Satellite Catalog Number|NORAD / SCN]]!! Launch date<br />([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]) !! Launch vehicle !! Launch site !! Orbit !! Status !! Remarks !! Ref |
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!Launch date<br />([[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]) |
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!Payloads |
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!Orbit!! [[Apsis|Orbital apsis]] |
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!Inclination!! [[Satellite Catalog Number|SCN]]!! [[International Designator|COSPAR ID]] !! Launch vehicle !! Launch site !! Status |
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|[[Gaofen 1]] |
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|[[Gaofen 1]] || {{Cospar|id=2013-018A}}|| 39150 || 26 April 2013 || [[Long March 2D]] || [[Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center|Jiuquan SLC]]|| 35 km × 662 km, 98.36|| Operational|| Carried TurkSat-3USat, CubeBug 1, NEE 01 Pegaso|| <ref>{{cite web|url=https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/gf-1.htm|title=Gaofen 1 (GF 1)|website=Gunter's Space Page}}</ref> |
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|26 April 2013 |
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|2m [[Panchromatic film|PAN]], 8m [[Multispectral imaging|MSI]], 4x 16m [[Wide-angle lens|WFV]] [[Multispectral imaging|MSI]] |
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|[[Sun-synchronous orbit|SSO]]|| 632.8 km × 662.7 km |
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|98.1°|| 39150 || {{Cospar|id=2013-018A}}|| [[Long March 2D]] || [[Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center|Jiuquan SLC]]|| {{Good|Operational}} |
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|- |
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|Gaofen 2 |
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|Gaofen 1-02 || {{COSPAR|2018-031A}}|| 43259 || 31 March 2018 || [[Long March 4C]] || [[Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center|Taiyuan SLC]]|| 638 km × 642 km, 98.04°|| Operational|| || <ref name="auto">{{cite web|url=https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/gf-1-02.htm|title=Gaofen 1-02,03, 04|website=Gunter's Space Page}}</ref> |
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|19 August 2014 |
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|0.8m [[Panchromatic film|PAN]], 3.2m [[Multispectral imaging|MSI]] |
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|[[Sun-synchronous orbit|SSO]] |
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|630.5 km × 638.0 km |
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|97.7° |
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|40118 |
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|{{COSPAR|2014-049A}} |
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|[[Long March 4B]] |
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|[[Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center|Taiyuan SLC]] |
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|{{Good|Operational}} |
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|- |
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|Gaofen 8 |
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|Gaofen 1-03 || {{COSPAR|2018-031B}}|| 43260 || 31 March 2018 || [[Long March 4C]]|| [[Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center|Taiyuan SLC]]|| 638 km × 642 km, 98.04°|| Operational|| || <ref name="auto"/> |
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|26 June 2015 |
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|[[Electro-optical sensor|EO]] |
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|[[Sun-synchronous orbit|SSO]] |
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|501.7 km × 504.5 km |
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|97.6° |
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|40701 |
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|{{COSPAR|2015-030A}} |
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|[[Long March 4B]] |
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|[[Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center|Taiyuan SLC]] |
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|{{Good|Operational}} |
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|- |
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|Gaofen 9-01 |
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|Gaofen 1-04 || {{COSPAR|2018-031D}}|| 43262 || 31 March 2018 || [[Long March 4C]]|| [[Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center|Taiyuan SLC]]|| 638 km × 642 km, 98.04°|| Operational|| || <ref name="auto"/> |
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|14 September 2015 |
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|[[Electro-optical sensor|EO]] |
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|[[Sun-synchronous orbit|SSO]] |
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|624.5 km × 671.3 km |
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|97.8° |
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|40894 |
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|{{COSPAR|2015-047A}} |
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|[[Long March 2D]] |
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|[[Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center|Jiuquan SLC]] |
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|{{Good|Operational}} |
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|- |
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|Gaofen 4 |
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|Gaofen 2 || {{COSPAR|2014-049A}}|| 40118 || 19 August 2014 || [[Long March 4B]] || [[Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center|Taiyuan SLC]]|| 619.4 km × 628.9 km|| Operational|| || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/gf-2.htm|title=Gaofen 2 (GF 2)|website=Gunter's Space Page}}</ref> |
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|28 December 2015 |
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|50m [[Visible spectrum|VIS]], 400m [[MWIR]] |
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|[[Geostationary orbit|GEO]] |
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|35,782.4 km × 35,806.4 km |
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|0.1° |
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|41194 |
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|{{COSPAR|2015-083A}} |
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|[[Long March 3B]] |
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|[[Xichang Satellite Launch Center|Xichang SLC]] |
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|{{Good|Operational}} |
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|- |
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|Gaofen 3 |
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|Gaofen 3 || {{COSPAR|2016-049A}}|| 41727 || 9 August 2016 || [[Long March 4C]]|| [[Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center|Taiyuan SLC]]|| 747.3 km × 749.3 km|| Operational|| || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/gf-3.htm|title=Gaofen 3 (GF 3)|website=Gunter's Space Page}}</ref> |
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|9 August 2016 |
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|[[C band (IEEE)|C-band]] [[Synthetic-aperture radar|SAR]] |
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|[[Sun-synchronous orbit|SSO]] |
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|757.9 km × 758.8 km |
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|98.4° |
|||
|41727 |
|||
|{{COSPAR|2016-049A}} |
|||
|[[Long March 4C]] |
|||
|[[Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center|Taiyuan SLC]] |
|||
|{{Good|Operational}} |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|Gaofen 1-02 |
|||
|Gaofen 3-02 || {{COSPAR|2021-109A}}|| 49495 || 22 November 2021 || [[Long March 4C]]|| [[Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center|Jiuquan SLC]]|| 747.3 km × 749.3 km|| Operational|| || |
|||
|31 March 2018 |
|||
|2m [[Panchromatic film|PAN]], 8m [[Multispectral imaging|MSI]], 4x 16m [[Wide-angle lens|WFV]] [[Multispectral imaging|MSI]] |
|||
|[[Sun-synchronous orbit|SSO]]|| 645.4 km × 649.0 km |
|||
|97.9°|| 43259 || {{COSPAR|2018-031A}}|| [[Long March 4C]] || [[Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center|Taiyuan SLC]]||{{Good|Operational}} |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|Gaofen 1-03 |
|||
|Gaofen 3-03 || {{COSPAR|2022-035A}}|| 52200 || 6 April 2022 || [[Long March 4C]]|| [[Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center|Jiuquan SLC]]|| 747.3 km × 749.3 km|| Operational|| || <ref>{{cite web|title=Latest Gaofen satellite launched|url=http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202204/07/WS624e32d4a310fd2b29e556dd.html|website=China Daily}}</ref> |
|||
|31 March 2018 |
|||
|2m [[Panchromatic film|PAN]], 8m [[Multispectral imaging|MSI]], 4x 16m [[Wide-angle lens|WFV]] [[Multispectral imaging|MSI]] |
|||
|[[Sun-synchronous orbit|SSO]]|| 642.9 km × 651.9 km |
|||
|97.9°|| 43260 || {{COSPAR|2018-031B}}|| [[Long March 4C]]|| [[Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center|Taiyuan SLC]]||{{Good|Operational}} |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|Gaofen 1-04 |
|||
|Gaofen 4 || {{COSPAR|2015-083A}}|| 41194 || 28 December 2015 || [[Long March 3B]] || [[Xichang Satellite Launch Center|Xichang SLC]]|| 35765.3 km × 35810.9 km|| Operational|| || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/gf-4.htm|title=Gaofen 4 (GF 4)|website=Gunter's Space Page}}</ref> |
|||
|31 March 2018 |
|||
|2m [[Panchromatic film|PAN]], 8m [[Multispectral imaging|MSI]], 4x 16m [[Wide-angle lens|WFV]] [[Multispectral imaging|MSI]] |
|||
|[[Sun-synchronous orbit|SSO]]|| 644.3 km × 650.5 km |
|||
|97.9°|| 43262 || {{COSPAR|2018-031D}}|| [[Long March 4C]]|| [[Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center|Taiyuan SLC]]||{{Good|Operational}} |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|Gaofen 5 |
|||
|Gaofen 5 || {{COSPAR|2018-043A}}|| 43461 || 8 May 2018 || [[Long March 4C]]|| [[Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center|Taiyuan SLC]]|| || Operational|| || <ref name="GF 5">{{cite web|url=https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/gf-5.htm|title=Gaofen 5, 5-02 (GF 5, 5-02) |publisher=Gunter's Space Page}}</ref> |
|||
|8 May 2018 |
|||
|303km [[Polarization (waves)|POL]] [[Multispectral imaging|MSI]], 0.3cm [[Hyperspectral imaging|HSI]], 30m [[Hyperspectral imaging|HSI]] |
|||
|[[Sun-synchronous orbit|SSO]]|| 706.2 km × 707.0 km |
|||
|98.3°|| 43461 || {{COSPAR|2018-043A}}|| [[Long March 4C]]|| [[Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center|Taiyuan SLC]]||{{Good|Operational}} |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|Gaofen 6 |
|||
|Gaofen 5-02 || {{COSPAR|2021-079A}}|| 49122 || 7 September 2021 || [[Long March 4C]]|| [[Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center|Taiyuan SLC]]|| || Operational|| || <ref name="GF 5"/> |
|||
|2 June 2018 |
|||
|[[Multispectral imaging|MSI]] |
|||
|[[Sun-synchronous orbit|SSO]]|| 641.0 km × 654.3 km |
|||
|97.9°|| 43484 || {{COSPAR|2018-048A}}|| [[Long March 2D]]|| [[Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center|Jiuquan SLC]]||{{Good|Operational}} |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|Gaofen 11-01 |
|||
|Gaofen 6 || {{COSPAR|2018-048A}}|| 43484 || 2 June 2018 || [[Long March 2D]]|| [[Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center|Jiuquan SLC]]|| || Operational|| || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/gf-6.htm|title=Gaofen 6 (GF 6)|website=Gunter's Space Page}}</ref> |
|||
|31 July 2018 |
|||
|[[Electro-optical sensor|EO]] |
|||
|[[Sun-synchronous orbit|SSO]] |
|||
|493.1 km × 512.5 km |
|||
|97.6° |
|||
|43585 |
|||
|{{COSPAR|2018-063A}} |
|||
|[[Long March 4B]] |
|||
|[[Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center|Taiyuan SLC]] |
|||
|{{Good|Operational}} |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|Gaofen 10R |
|||
|Gaofen 7 || {{COSPAR|2019-072A}}|| 44703 || 3 November 2019 || [[Long March 4B]]|| [[Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center|Taiyuan SLC]]|| || Operational|| || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/gf-7.htm|title=Gaofen 7, 7-02 (GF 7, 7-02)|website=Gunter's Space Page}}</ref> |
|||
|4 October 2019 |
|||
|Unknown |
|||
|[[Sun-synchronous orbit|SSO]] |
|||
|632.0 km × 634.4 km |
|||
|97.9° |
|||
|44622 |
|||
|{{COSPAR|2019-066A}} |
|||
|[[Long March 4C]] |
|||
|[[Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center|Taiyuan SLC]] |
|||
|{{Good|Operational}} |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|Gaofen 7 |
|||
|Gaofen 8 || {{COSPAR|2015-030A}}|| 40701 || 26 June 2015 || [[Long March 4B]]|| [[Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center|Taiyuan SLC]]|| || Operational|| || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/gf-8.htm|title=Gaofen 8 (GF 8)|website=Gunter's Space Page}}</ref> |
|||
|3 November 2019 |
|||
|2x 0.8m [[Panchromatic film|PAN]], 2.5m [[Multispectral imaging|MSI]] |
|||
|[[Sun-synchronous orbit|SSO]] |
|||
|500.7 km × 517.9 km |
|||
|97.4° |
|||
|44703 |
|||
|{{COSPAR|2019-072A}} |
|||
|[[Long March 4B]] |
|||
|[[Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center|Taiyuan SLC]] |
|||
|{{Good|Operational}} |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|Gaofen 12 |
|||
|Gaofen 9-01 || {{COSPAR|2015-047A}}|| 40894 || 14 September 2015 || [[Long March 2D]]|| [[Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center|Jiuquan SLC]]|| || Operational|| || <ref name="auto3">{{cite web|url=https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/gf-9.htm|title=Gaofen 9-01, ..., 05 (GF 9-01, ..., 05)|website=Gunter's Space Page}}</ref> |
|||
|27 November 2019 |
|||
|[[Synthetic-aperture radar|SAR]] |
|||
|[[Sun-synchronous orbit|SSO]] |
|||
|634.4 km × 636.5 km |
|||
|97.9° |
|||
|44819 |
|||
|{{COSPAR|2019-082A}} |
|||
|[[Long March 4C]] |
|||
|[[Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center|Taiyuan SLC]] |
|||
|{{Good|Operational}} |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|Gaofen 9-02 |
|||
|Gaofen 9-02 || {{COSPAR|2020-034B}}|| 45625 || 31 May 2020 || [[Long March 2D]]|| [[Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center|Jiuquan SLC]]|| || Operational|| || <ref name="auto3"/> |
|||
|31 May 2020 |
|||
|[[Electro-optical sensor|EO]] |
|||
|[[Sun-synchronous orbit|SSO]]|| 493.9 km × 511.3 km |
|||
|97.4°|| 45625 || {{COSPAR|2020-034B}}|| [[Long March 2D]]|| [[Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center|Jiuquan SLC]]||{{Good|Operational}} |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|Gaofen 9-03 |
|||
|Gaofen 9-03 || {{COSPAR|2020-039A}}|| 45794 || 17 June 2020 || [[Long March 2D]]|| [[Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center|Jiuquan SLC]]|| || Operational|| || <ref name="auto3"/> |
|||
|17 June 2020 |
|||
|[[Electro-optical sensor|EO]] |
|||
|[[Sun-synchronous orbit|SSO]]|| 491.5 km × 513.9 km |
|||
|97.4°|| 45794 || {{COSPAR|2020-039A}}|| [[Long March 2D]]|| [[Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center|Jiuquan SLC]]||{{Good|Operational}} |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|Gaofen DUOMO |
|||
|Gaofen 9-04 || {{COSPAR|2020-054A}}|| 46025 || 6 August 2020 || [[Long March 2D]]|| [[Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center|Jiuquan SLC]]|| || Operational|| || <ref name="auto3"/> |
|||
|3 July 2020 |
|||
|[[Electro-optical sensor|EO]] |
|||
|[[Sun-synchronous orbit|SSO]]|| 635.5 km × 657.6 km |
|||
|97.9°|| 45856 || {{COSPAR|2020-042A}}|| [[Long March 4B]]|| [[Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center|Taiyuan SLC]]||{{Good|Operational}} |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|Gaofen 9-04 |
|||
|Gaofen 10R || {{COSPAR|2019-066A}}|| 44622 || 4 October 2019 || [[Long March 4C]]|| [[Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center|Taiyuan SLC]]|| || Operational|| || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/gf-10.htm|title=Gaofen 10, 10R (GF 10, 10R)|website=Gunter's Space Page}}</ref> |
|||
|6 August 2020 |
|||
|[[Electro-optical sensor|EO]] |
|||
|[[Sun-synchronous orbit|SSO]] |
|||
|497.9 km × 506.4 km |
|||
|94.4° |
|||
|46025 |
|||
|{{COSPAR|2020-054A}} |
|||
|[[Long March 2D]] |
|||
|[[Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center|Jiuquan SLC]] |
|||
|{{Good|Operational}} |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|Gaofen 9-05 |
|||
|Gaofen 11-01 || {{COSPAR|2018-063A}}|| 43585 || 31 July 2018 || [[Long March 4B]]|| [[Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center|Taiyuan SLC]]|| || Operational|| || <ref name="auto2">{{cite web|url=https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/gf-11.htm|title=Gaofen 11, 11-02 (GF 11, 11-02)|website=Gunter's Space Page}}</ref> |
|||
|23 August 2020 |
|||
|[[Electro-optical sensor|EO]] |
|||
|[[Sun-synchronous orbit|SSO]] |
|||
|493.5 km × 511.9 km |
|||
|97.4° |
|||
|46232 |
|||
|{{Cospar|id=2020-058A}} |
|||
|[[Long March 2D]] |
|||
|[[Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center|Jiuquan SLC]] |
|||
|{{Good|Operational}} |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|Gaofen 11-02 |
|||
|Gaofen 11-02 || {{COSPAR|2020-064A}}|| 46396 || 7 September 2020 || [[Long March 4B]]|| [[Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center|Taiyuan SLC]]|| || Operational|| || <ref name="SFN20200908"/> |
|||
|7 September 2020 |
|||
|[[Electro-optical sensor|EO]] |
|||
|[[Sun-synchronous orbit|SSO]] |
|||
|500.7 km × 505.2 km |
|||
|97.4° |
|||
|46396 |
|||
|{{COSPAR|2020-064A}} |
|||
|[[Long March 4B]] |
|||
|[[Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center|Taiyuan SLC]] |
|||
|{{Good|Operational}} |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|Gaofen 13 |
|||
|Gaofen 11-03 || {{COSPAR|2021-107A}}|| 49492 || 20 November 2021 || [[Long March 4B]]|| [[Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center|Taiyuan SLC]]|| || Operational|| || |
|||
|11 October 2020 |
|||
|50m [[Visible spectrum|VIS]], 400m [[MWIR]] |
|||
|[[Geostationary orbit|GEO]] |
|||
|35,782.5 km × 35,806.1 km |
|||
|0.2° |
|||
|46610 |
|||
|{{COSPAR|2020-071A}} |
|||
|[[Long March 3B]] |
|||
|[[Xichang Satellite Launch Center|Xichang SLC]] |
|||
|{{Good|Operational}} |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|Gaofen 14 |
|||
|Gaofen 12 || {{COSPAR|2019-082A}}|| 44819 || 27 November 2019 || [[Long March 4C]]|| [[Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center|Taiyuan SLC]]|| || Operational|| || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/gf-12.htm|title=Gaofen 12|website=Gunter's Space Page}}</ref> |
|||
|6 December 2020 |
|||
|[[Electro-optical sensor|EO]] |
|||
|[[Sun-synchronous orbit|SSO]] |
|||
|492.9 km × 198.4 km |
|||
|97.4° |
|||
|47231 |
|||
|{{COSPAR|2020-092A}} |
|||
|[[Long March 3B|Long March 3B/G5]] |
|||
|[[Xichang Satellite Launch Center|Xichang SLC]] |
|||
|{{Good|Operational}} |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|Gaofen 12-02 |
|||
|Gaofen 12-02 || {{COSPAR|2021-026A}}|| 48079 || 30 March 2021 || [[Long March 4C]]|| [[Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center|Jiuquan SLC]]|| || Operational|| || <ref>{{cite web |last=Jones |first=Andrew |url=https://spacenews.com/china-launches-second-gaofen-12-earth-observation-satellite/ |title=China launches second Gaofen-12 Earth observation satellite |publisher=[[SpaceNews]] |date=31 March 2021 |access-date=3 April 2021}}</ref> |
|||
|30 March 2021 |
|||
|[[Synthetic-aperture radar|SAR]] |
|||
|[[Sun-synchronous orbit|SSO]] |
|||
|634.7 km × 636.6 km |
|||
|97.9° |
|||
|48079 |
|||
|{{COSPAR|2021-026A}} |
|||
|[[Long March 4C]] |
|||
|[[Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center|Jiuquan SLC]] |
|||
|{{Good|Operational}} |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|Gaofen 5-02 |
|||
|Gaofen 12-03 || {{COSPAR|2022-069A}}|| 52912 || 27 June 2022 || [[Long March 4C]]|| [[Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center|Jiuquan SLC]]|| || Operational|| || |
|||
|7 September 2021 |
|||
|303km [[Polarization (waves)|POL]] [[Multispectral imaging|MSI]], 0.3cm [[Hyperspectral imaging|HSI]], 30m [[Hyperspectral imaging|HSI]] |
|||
|[[Sun-synchronous orbit|SSO]] |
|||
|705.4 km × 710.2 km |
|||
|98.2° |
|||
|49122 |
|||
|{{COSPAR|2021-079A}} |
|||
|[[Long March 4C]] |
|||
|[[Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center|Taiyuan SLC]] |
|||
|{{Good|Operational}} |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|Gaofen 11-03 |
|||
|Gaofen 13 || {{COSPAR|2020-071A}}|| 46610 || 11 October 2020 || [[Long March 3B]]|| [[Xichang Satellite Launch Center|Xichang SLC]]|| || Operational|| || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau_det/cz-3bg3.htm|title=Gaofen 13 (GF 13)|website=Gunter's Space Page}}</ref> |
|||
|20 November 2021 |
|||
| [[Electro-optical sensor|EO]] |
|||
|[[Sun-synchronous orbit|SSO]]|| 498.6 km × 504.8 km |
|||
|97.4°|| 49492 || {{COSPAR|2021-107A}}|| [[Long March 4B]]|| [[Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center|Taiyuan SLC]]||{{Good|Operational}} |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|Gaofen 3-02 |
|||
|Gaofen 14 || {{COSPAR|2020-092A}}|| 47231|| 6 December 2020 || [[Long March 3B|Long March 3B/G5]] || [[Xichang Satellite Launch Center|Xichang SLC]]|| || Operational|| || <ref name="SFN20201205">{{cite web|url=https://spaceflightnow.com/launch-schedule/|title=Launch Schedule |publisher=Spaceflight Now|date=5 December 2020|access-date=6 December 2020}}</ref> |
|||
|22 November 2021 |
|||
|[[C band (IEEE)|C-band]] [[Synthetic-aperture radar|SAR]] |
|||
|[[Sun-synchronous orbit|SSO]] |
|||
|757.5 km × 759.2 km |
|||
|98.4° |
|||
|49495 |
|||
|{{COSPAR|2021-109A}} |
|||
|[[Long March 4C]] |
|||
|[[Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center|Jiuquan SLC]] |
|||
|{{Good|Operational}} |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|Gaofen 3-03 |
|||
|Gaofen DUOMO (GFDM) || {{COSPAR|2020-042A}}|| 45856 || 3 July 2020 || [[Long March 4B]]|| [[Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center|Taiyuan SLC]]|| || Operational|| || <ref>{{cite web|url=https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/gf-dm.htm|title=Gaofen Duomo (GF DM)|website=Gunter's Space Page}}</ref> |
|||
|6 April 2022 |
|||
|[[C band (IEEE)|C-band]] [[Synthetic-aperture radar|SAR]] |
|||
|[[Sun-synchronous orbit|SSO]]|| 757.8 km × 758.9 km |
|||
|98.4°|| 52200 || {{COSPAR|2022-035A}}|| [[Long March 4C]]|| [[Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center|Jiuquan SLC]]||{{Good|Operational}} |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|Gaofen 12-03 |
|||
|JILIN-1 Gaofen 02A || {{COSPAR|2019-075A}}|| 44777 || 13 November 2019 || [[Kuaizhou|Kuaizhou-1A]] || [[Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center|Jiuquan SLC]]|| || Operational|| || <ref name="auto1">{{cite web|url=https://space.skyrocket.de/doc_sdat/jilin-1-highresolution-02a.htm|title=Jilin-1 Gaofen-02A, ..., 02F (Jilin-1 High Resolution-02A, ..., 02F)|website=Gunter's Space Page}}</ref> |
|||
|27 June 2022 |
|||
|[[Synthetic-aperture radar|SAR]] |
|||
|[[Sun-synchronous orbit|SSO]] |
|||
|633.3 km × 367.1 km |
|||
|98.0° |
|||
|52912 |
|||
|{{COSPAR|2022-069A}} |
|||
|[[Long March 4C]] |
|||
|[[Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center|Jiuquan SLC]] |
|||
|{{Good|Operational}} |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|Gaofen 5-01A |
|||
|JILIN-1 Gaofen 02B || {{COSPAR|2019-086A}}|| 44836 || 7 December 2019 || [[Kuaizhou|Kuaizhou-1A]]|| [[Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center|Taiyuan SLC]]|| || Operational|| || <ref name="auto1"/> |
|||
|8 December 2022 |
|||
|[[Hyperspectral imaging|HSI]] |
|||
|[[Sun-synchronous orbit|SSO]] |
|||
|706.1 km × 709.0 km |
|||
|98.1° |
|||
|54640 |
|||
|{{COSPAR|2022-165A}} |
|||
|[[Long March 2D]] |
|||
|[[Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center|Taiyuan SLC]] |
|||
|{{Good|Operational}} |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|Gaofen 11-04 |
|||
|JILIN-1 Gaofen 02C || Launch failure || Launch failure|| 12 September 2020 || [[Kuaizhou|Kuaizhou-1A]]|| [[Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center|Jiuquan SLC]]|| || N/A|| Launch failure || <ref name="Jonathan">{{cite web |date=24 October 2020 |title=Jonathan Launch Log |url=https://planet4589.org/space/log/launchlog.txt |access-date=24 October 2020 |publisher=Jonathan's Space Report}}</ref> |
|||
|27 December 2022 |
|||
|[[Electro-optical sensor|EO]] |
|||
|[[Sun-synchronous orbit|SSO]]|| 498.6 km × 504.8 km |
|||
|97.4°||54818 || {{COSPAR|2022-176A}} || [[Long March 4B]]|| [[Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center|Taiyuan SLC]]||{{Good|Operational}} |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|Gaofen 13-02 |
|||
|JILIN-1 Gaofen 02D || {{COSPAR|2021-086A}}|| 49256 || 27 September 2021 || [[Kuaizhou|Kuaizhou-1A]]|| [[Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center|Jiuquan SLC]]|| || Operational|| || <ref name="auto1"/> |
|||
|17 March 2023 |
|||
|Unknown |
|||
|[[Geostationary orbit|GTO]] |
|||
|35,788.4 km × 35,802.1 km |
|||
|3.0° |
|||
|55912 |
|||
|{{COSPAR|2023-036A}} |
|||
|[[Long March 3B|Long March 3B/E]] |
|||
|[[Xichang Satellite Launch Center|Xichang SLC]] |
|||
|{{Good|Operational}} |
|||
|- |
|- |
||
|Gaofen 12-04 |
|||
|JILIN-1 Gaofen 02E || Launch failure || Launch failure|| 10 July 2020 || [[Kuaizhou|Kuaizhou-11]]|| [[Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center|Jiuquan SLC]]|| || N/A|| Launch failure || <ref name="auto1"/> |
|||
|20 August 2023 |
|||
|- |
|||
|[[Synthetic-aperture radar|SAR]] |
|||
|JILIN-1 Gaofen 02F || {{COSPAR|2021-097A}}|| 49338 || 27 October 2021 || [[Kuaizhou|Kuaizhou-1A]]|| [[Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center|Jiuquan SLC]]|| || Operational|| || <ref name="auto1"/> |
|||
|[[Sun-synchronous orbit|SSO]] |
|||
|- |
|||
|626 km × 630 km |
|||
|JILIN-1 Gaofen 03B |
|||
|97.9° |
|||
|{{Cospar|id=2020-065A}}<br />{{Cospar|id=2020-065B}}<br />{{Cospar|id=2020-065C}}<br />{{Cospar|id=2020-065D}}<br />{{Cospar|id=2020-065E}}<br />{{Cospar|id=2020-065F}} |
|||
|57654 |
|||
| |
|||
|{{COSPAR|2023-132A}} |
|||
46454<br /> |
|||
|[[Long March 4C]] |
|||
46455<br /> |
|||
|[[Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center|Jiuquan SLC]] |
|||
46456<br /> |
|||
|{{Good|Operational}} |
|||
46457<br /> |
|||
46458<br /> |
|||
46459 |
|||
|15 September 2020 |
|||
|[[Long March 11|Long March 11H]] |
|||
|De Bo-3 Sea Launch Platform |
|||
| |
|||
|Operational |
|||
| |
|||
|<ref name="Jonathan" /> |
|||
|- |
|||
|JILIN-1 Gaofen 03C |
|||
|{{COSPAR|id=2020-065G}}<br />{{Cospar|id=2020-065H}}<br />{{Cospar|id=2020-065J}} |
|||
| |
|||
46460<br /> |
|||
46461<br /> |
|||
46462 |
|||
|15 September 2020 |
|||
|[[Long March 11|Long March 11H]] |
|||
|De Bo-3 Sea Launch Platform |
|||
| |
|||
|Operational |
|||
| |
|||
|<ref name="Jonathan" /> |
|||
|- |
|||
|JILIN-1 Gaofen 03D |
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|{{Cospar|id=2021-061A}}<br />{{Cospar|id=2021-061B}}<br />{{Cospar|id=2021-061C}}<br />{{Cospar|id=2020-061D}}<br />{{Cospar|id=2020-061E}} |
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| |
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49003<br /> |
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49004<br /> |
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49005<br /> |
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49006<br /> |
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49007 |
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|3 July 2021 |
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|[[Long March 2D]] |
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|[[Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center|Taiyuan SLC]] |
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| |
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|Operational |
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| |
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|<ref name="Jonathan" /> |
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| colspan="11" |Table data sourced from previously cited references, [https://celestrak.com/satcat CelesTrak], [https://www.n2yo.com/ N2YO], NASA, and the [https://www.space-track.org/auth/login U.S. Space Force] |
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* [[Yaogan]] |
* [[Yaogan]] |
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* [[Jilin-1]] |
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* [[Shijian]] |
* [[Shijian]] |
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* [[Fengyun]] |
* [[Fengyun]] |
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== References == |
== References == |
||
{{reflist}}{{Chinese Reconnaissance Satellites}}{{Rest of the World Reconnaissance Satellites|state=collapsed}}{{CNSA space program|state=collapsed}} |
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{{reflist}} |
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{{CNSA space program}} |
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[[Category:Earth observation satellites of China]] |
[[Category:Earth observation satellites of China]] |
Latest revision as of 16:14, 2 December 2023
This article's factual accuracy is disputed. (December 2022) |
高分 Gāo Fēn | |
Program overview | |
---|---|
Country | China |
Status | Active |
Program history | |
First flight | 26 April 2013 |
Last flight | 20 August 2023 |
Successes | 32 |
Failures | 1 |
Launch site(s) | |
Vehicle information | |
Launch vehicle(s) |
Gaofen (Chinese: 高分; pinyin: Gāofēn; lit. 'high resolution') is a series of Chinese high-resolution Earth imaging satellites launched as part of the China High-resolution Earth Observation System (CHEOS) program.[1][2] CHEOS is a state-sponsored, civilian Earth-observation program used for agricultural, disaster, resource, and environmental monitoring. Proposed in 2006 and approved in 2010, the CHEOS program consists of the Gaofen series of space-based satellites, near-space and airborne systems such as airships and UAVs, ground systems that conduct data receipt, processing, calibration, and taskings, and a system of applications that fuse observation data with other sources to produce usable information and knowledge.[2][3]
Although the first seven Gaofen satellites and their payloads have been heavily detailed, little to no details on Gaofen 8 and later satellites have been revealed prompting suggestions that Gaofen satellites may be dual purpose supporting both civilian and military missions.[2][4][5][6][7]
In 2003, the China National Space Administration (CNSA) agreed with Roscosmos to share Gaofen data for data from Russia's Earth observation satellites of similar capability. This agreement was expanded in August 2021 when leaders from BRICS space agencies agreed to share space-based remote sensing data.[8]
Notable satellites[edit]
Gaofen-5[edit]
Gaofen-5 has been lauded as the "flagship of the environment and atmosphere observation satellite in the CHEOS program". Launched on 8 May 2018 from Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center (TSLC) into Sun-synchronous orbit, Gaofen-5 carries six payloads: an Advanced Hyperspectral Imagery sensor (AHSI), Atmospheric Infrared Ultraspectral Sensor (AIUS), Directional Polarization Camera (DPC), Environment Monitoring Instrument (EMI), Greenhouse-gases Monitoring Instrument (GMI), and Visual and Infrared Multispectral Sensor (VIMS).[2][9]
The Advanced Hyperspectral Imagery (AHSI) sensor payload aboard Gaofen-5 claims to be the first space-based hyperspectral imaging sensor utilizing both convex grating spectrophotometry and a three concentric-mirror (Offner) configuration.[10] The AHSI uses spectrophotometry to measure the light spectra reflected, transmitted, or emitted by an imaged object to detect or identify objects on the ground.[10] In civilian applications, the AHSI allows analysts to conduct environmental monitoring and resource discovery while in a military application would allow analysts to detect and identify an adversary's equipment or spot non-multi-spectral camouflage.[10][11][12] AHSI has a 30 meter spatial resolution and 5 nanometer spectral resolution in the visible, near-infrared (NIR), and short-wave infrared (SWIR) wavelength ranges.[12]
The Atmospheric Infrared Ultraspectral Sensor (AIUS) payload aboard Gaofen-5 is China's first hyperspectral occultation spectrometer meaning it measures the spectra of imaged atmospheric particles between the sensor and the Sun.[13][14] AIUS allows scientists to monitor atmospheric circulation by tracing H
2O (water vapor), temperature, pressure, and various carbon and halogen-containing gas pollutants such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), dinitrogen pentoxide, and chlorine nitrate.[14][15] A Michelson interferometer, AIUS images wavelengths between 2.4 and 13.3 micrometers (near to mid-wave infrared) at a 0.3 centimeter resolution and a ±10° field of view.[14]
Gaofen-5's Directional Polarimetric Camera (DPC) is China's first space-based multi-angle polarimetric camera.[9] Prior to GF-5's launch, in September 2016, China had experimented with polarimetric imaging in 2016 aboard the Tiangong-2 space laboratory and launched its Cloud and Aerosol Polarimetric Imager (CAPI) aboard TanSat in December of that year.[9][16] CAPI imaged clouds within 670 and 1640 nanometer channels but was restricted to fixed-angle imaging. The DPC aboard Gaofen-5 enables atmospheric spectroscopy in three polarized bands (90, 670, and 865 nm; polarized at 0°, 60°, and 120°) and five non-polarized bands (443, 565, 763, 765, and 910 nm), all wavelengths from green to near-infrared (NIR). A step motor rotates the 512 × 512 pixel charge-coupled device (CCD) imager ±50° providing a 1,850 km swath of imagery at 3.3 km resolution.[9][17]
Satellites[edit]
Since the program's start in 2013, the People's Republic of China has launched 30 Gaofen-series satellites and has not yet experienced a launch failure. Jilin-1 satellites described as 'Gaofen' are not part of the government's Gaofen series, rather are described as having high resolution (Chinese: 高分; pinyin: Gāofēn).[18]
Designation | Launch date (UTC) |
Payloads | Orbit | Orbital apsis | Inclination | SCN | COSPAR ID | Launch vehicle | Launch site | Status |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gaofen 1 | 26 April 2013 | 2m PAN, 8m MSI, 4x 16m WFV MSI | SSO | 632.8 km × 662.7 km | 98.1° | 39150 | 2013-018A | Long March 2D | Jiuquan SLC | Operational |
Gaofen 2 | 19 August 2014 | 0.8m PAN, 3.2m MSI | SSO | 630.5 km × 638.0 km | 97.7° | 40118 | 2014-049A | Long March 4B | Taiyuan SLC | Operational |
Gaofen 8 | 26 June 2015 | EO | SSO | 501.7 km × 504.5 km | 97.6° | 40701 | 2015-030A | Long March 4B | Taiyuan SLC | Operational |
Gaofen 9-01 | 14 September 2015 | EO | SSO | 624.5 km × 671.3 km | 97.8° | 40894 | 2015-047A | Long March 2D | Jiuquan SLC | Operational |
Gaofen 4 | 28 December 2015 | 50m VIS, 400m MWIR | GEO | 35,782.4 km × 35,806.4 km | 0.1° | 41194 | 2015-083A | Long March 3B | Xichang SLC | Operational |
Gaofen 3 | 9 August 2016 | C-band SAR | SSO | 757.9 km × 758.8 km | 98.4° | 41727 | 2016-049A | Long March 4C | Taiyuan SLC | Operational |
Gaofen 1-02 | 31 March 2018 | 2m PAN, 8m MSI, 4x 16m WFV MSI | SSO | 645.4 km × 649.0 km | 97.9° | 43259 | 2018-031A | Long March 4C | Taiyuan SLC | Operational |
Gaofen 1-03 | 31 March 2018 | 2m PAN, 8m MSI, 4x 16m WFV MSI | SSO | 642.9 km × 651.9 km | 97.9° | 43260 | 2018-031B | Long March 4C | Taiyuan SLC | Operational |
Gaofen 1-04 | 31 March 2018 | 2m PAN, 8m MSI, 4x 16m WFV MSI | SSO | 644.3 km × 650.5 km | 97.9° | 43262 | 2018-031D | Long March 4C | Taiyuan SLC | Operational |
Gaofen 5 | 8 May 2018 | 303km POL MSI, 0.3cm HSI, 30m HSI | SSO | 706.2 km × 707.0 km | 98.3° | 43461 | 2018-043A | Long March 4C | Taiyuan SLC | Operational |
Gaofen 6 | 2 June 2018 | MSI | SSO | 641.0 km × 654.3 km | 97.9° | 43484 | 2018-048A | Long March 2D | Jiuquan SLC | Operational |
Gaofen 11-01 | 31 July 2018 | EO | SSO | 493.1 km × 512.5 km | 97.6° | 43585 | 2018-063A | Long March 4B | Taiyuan SLC | Operational |
Gaofen 10R | 4 October 2019 | Unknown | SSO | 632.0 km × 634.4 km | 97.9° | 44622 | 2019-066A | Long March 4C | Taiyuan SLC | Operational |
Gaofen 7 | 3 November 2019 | 2x 0.8m PAN, 2.5m MSI | SSO | 500.7 km × 517.9 km | 97.4° | 44703 | 2019-072A | Long March 4B | Taiyuan SLC | Operational |
Gaofen 12 | 27 November 2019 | SAR | SSO | 634.4 km × 636.5 km | 97.9° | 44819 | 2019-082A | Long March 4C | Taiyuan SLC | Operational |
Gaofen 9-02 | 31 May 2020 | EO | SSO | 493.9 km × 511.3 km | 97.4° | 45625 | 2020-034B | Long March 2D | Jiuquan SLC | Operational |
Gaofen 9-03 | 17 June 2020 | EO | SSO | 491.5 km × 513.9 km | 97.4° | 45794 | 2020-039A | Long March 2D | Jiuquan SLC | Operational |
Gaofen DUOMO | 3 July 2020 | EO | SSO | 635.5 km × 657.6 km | 97.9° | 45856 | 2020-042A | Long March 4B | Taiyuan SLC | Operational |
Gaofen 9-04 | 6 August 2020 | EO | SSO | 497.9 km × 506.4 km | 94.4° | 46025 | 2020-054A | Long March 2D | Jiuquan SLC | Operational |
Gaofen 9-05 | 23 August 2020 | EO | SSO | 493.5 km × 511.9 km | 97.4° | 46232 | 2020-058A | Long March 2D | Jiuquan SLC | Operational |
Gaofen 11-02 | 7 September 2020 | EO | SSO | 500.7 km × 505.2 km | 97.4° | 46396 | 2020-064A | Long March 4B | Taiyuan SLC | Operational |
Gaofen 13 | 11 October 2020 | 50m VIS, 400m MWIR | GEO | 35,782.5 km × 35,806.1 km | 0.2° | 46610 | 2020-071A | Long March 3B | Xichang SLC | Operational |
Gaofen 14 | 6 December 2020 | EO | SSO | 492.9 km × 198.4 km | 97.4° | 47231 | 2020-092A | Long March 3B/G5 | Xichang SLC | Operational |
Gaofen 12-02 | 30 March 2021 | SAR | SSO | 634.7 km × 636.6 km | 97.9° | 48079 | 2021-026A | Long March 4C | Jiuquan SLC | Operational |
Gaofen 5-02 | 7 September 2021 | 303km POL MSI, 0.3cm HSI, 30m HSI | SSO | 705.4 km × 710.2 km | 98.2° | 49122 | 2021-079A | Long March 4C | Taiyuan SLC | Operational |
Gaofen 11-03 | 20 November 2021 | EO | SSO | 498.6 km × 504.8 km | 97.4° | 49492 | 2021-107A | Long March 4B | Taiyuan SLC | Operational |
Gaofen 3-02 | 22 November 2021 | C-band SAR | SSO | 757.5 km × 759.2 km | 98.4° | 49495 | 2021-109A | Long March 4C | Jiuquan SLC | Operational |
Gaofen 3-03 | 6 April 2022 | C-band SAR | SSO | 757.8 km × 758.9 km | 98.4° | 52200 | 2022-035A | Long March 4C | Jiuquan SLC | Operational |
Gaofen 12-03 | 27 June 2022 | SAR | SSO | 633.3 km × 367.1 km | 98.0° | 52912 | 2022-069A | Long March 4C | Jiuquan SLC | Operational |
Gaofen 5-01A | 8 December 2022 | HSI | SSO | 706.1 km × 709.0 km | 98.1° | 54640 | 2022-165A | Long March 2D | Taiyuan SLC | Operational |
Gaofen 11-04 | 27 December 2022 | EO | SSO | 498.6 km × 504.8 km | 97.4° | 54818 | 2022-176A | Long March 4B | Taiyuan SLC | Operational |
Gaofen 13-02 | 17 March 2023 | Unknown | GTO | 35,788.4 km × 35,802.1 km | 3.0° | 55912 | 2023-036A | Long March 3B/E | Xichang SLC | Operational |
Gaofen 12-04 | 20 August 2023 | SAR | SSO | 626 km × 630 km | 97.9° | 57654 | 2023-132A | Long March 4C | Jiuquan SLC | Operational |
Table data sourced from previously cited references, CelesTrak, N2YO, NASA, and the U.S. Space Force |
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ "China launches another Gaofen Earth observation satellite". Spaceflight Now. 8 September 2020. Archived from the original on 10 September 2020. Retrieved 9 September 2020.
- ^ a b c d Chen, Liangfu; Letu, Husi; Fan, Meng; Shang, Huazhe; Tao, Jinhua; Wu, Laixiong; Zhang, Ying; Yu, Chao; Gu, Jianbin; Zhang, Ning; Hong, Jin (8 April 2022). "An Introduction to the Chinese High-Resolution Earth Observation System: Gaofen-1~7 Civilian Satellites". Journal of Remote Sensing. 2022: 1–14. Bibcode:2022JRemS202269536C. doi:10.34133/2022/9769536. S2CID 247446513.
- ^ China High-resolution Earth Observation System (CHEOS) and its Latest Development (PDF). Earth Observation System and Data Center, CNSA. February 2014. Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 May 2022. Retrieved 4 June 2022.
- ^ Smid, Henk H.F. (26 September 2022). An analysis of Chinese remote sensing satellites (Report). Space Review. Archived from the original on 23 October 2022. Retrieved 23 October 2022.
- ^ Qi, Lu (27 December 2021). "呂琪:夜空中最亮的星—盤點中國系列衛星" [[Military Blog Review] Lv Qi: The Brightest Star in the Night Sky - Inventory of Chinese Satellites]. Lite News Hong Kong (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 4 September 2022. Retrieved 4 September 2022.
- ^ Zhen, Liu (12 October 2020). "China is sending more of its Gaofen satellites into space. Here's why". South China Morning Post. Archived from the original on 4 September 2022. Retrieved 4 September 2022.
- ^ Jones, Andrew (22 November 2021). "China launches new Gaofen-11 high resolution spy satellite to match U.S. capabilities". SpaceNews.
- ^ Iderawumi, Mustapha (19 August 2021). "BRICS Space Agencies Leaders Signed Agreement to Share Remote Sensing Satellite Data". Space in Africa. Archived from the original on 19 August 2021. Retrieved 19 May 2022.
- ^ a b c d Zhengqiang, Li; Hou, Weizhen; Hong, Jin; Zheng, Fengxun; Luo, Donggen; Wang, Jun; Gu, Xingfa; Qiao, Yanli (12 April 2018). "Directional Polarimetric Camera (DPC): Monitoring aerosol spectral optical properties over land from satellite observation" (PDF). Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy & Radiative Transfer. 218 (218). University of Iowa, Chinese Academy of Sciences (published 7 July 2018): 22–23. Bibcode:2018JQSRT.218...21L. doi:10.1016/j.jqsrt.2018.07.003. S2CID 126349523. Archived (PDF) from the original on 23 October 2022. Retrieved 23 October 2022 – via Elsevier Science Direct.
- ^ a b c Liu, Yin-Nian; Sun, De-Xin; Hu, Xiao-Ning; Liu, Shu-Feng; Cao, Kai-Qin (1 June 2020). "AHSI: the Hyperspectral Imager on China's GaoFen-5 Satellite". Earth and Environmental Science. 509 (1): 012033. Bibcode:2020E&ES..509a2033L. doi:10.1088/1755-1315/509/1/012033. S2CID 225552086.
- ^ Hsu, Su May; Kerekes, J.P.; Berke, Hsiao-Hua; Crooks, S. (April 1999). "SAR and HSI data fusion for counter CC&D". Proceedings of the 1999 IEEE Radar Conference. Radar into the Next Millennium (Cat. No.99CH36249). pp. 218–220. doi:10.1109/NRC.1999.767320. ISBN 0-7803-4977-6. S2CID 15912558. Archived from the original on 24 October 2022. Retrieved 25 October 2022.
- ^ a b Ge, Xiangyu; Ding, Jianli; Teng, Dexiong; Xie, Boqiang; Zhang, Xianlong; Wang, Jinjie; Han, Lijing; Bao, Qingling; Wang, Jingzhe (1 August 2022). "Exploring the capability of Gaofen-5 hyperspectral data for assessing soil salinity risks". International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation. 112: 102969. doi:10.1016/j.jag.2022.102969. ISSN 1569-8432. S2CID 251557178.
- ^ Li, Xiaoying; Xu, Jian; Cheng, Tianhai; Shi, Hailiang; Zhang, Xingying; Ge, Shule; Wang, Hongmei; Zhu, Songyan; Miao, Jing; Luo, Qi (January 2019). "Monitoring Trace Gases over the Antarctic Using Atmospheric Infrared Ultraspectral Sounder Onboard GaoFen-5: Algorithm Description and First Retrieval Results of O3, H2O, and HCl". Remote Sensing. 11 (17): 1991. Bibcode:2019RemS...11.1991L. doi:10.3390/rs11171991. ISSN 2072-4292.
- ^ a b c Chen, Liangfu (13 October 2016). Mission Overview GaoFen-5 (PDF). 12th Meeting of the CEOS Atmospheric Composition Virtual Constellation (PowerPoint presentation). Seoul, Korea. Archived (PDF) from the original on 23 October 2022. Retrieved 23 October 2022.
- ^ Chen, L.; Tao, M.; Wang, Z. (1 December 2018). "The GaoFen-5 satellite for air pollution monitoring in China: first results and general performance". AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts. 2018: A51A–04. Bibcode:2018AGUFM.A51A..04C. Archived from the original on 23 October 2022. Retrieved 23 October 2022.
- ^ "TanSat". eoPortal. Archived from the original on 23 October 2022. Retrieved 23 October 2022.
- ^ Qie, Lili; Li, Zhengqiang; Zhu, Sifeng; Xu, Hua; Xie, Yisong; Qiao, Rui; Hong, Jun; Tu, Bihai (13 August 2021). "In-flight radiometric and polarimetric calibration of the Directional Polarimetric Camera onboard the GaoFen-5 satellite over the ocean". Applied Optics. 60 (24): 7186–7199. Bibcode:2021ApOpt..60.7186Q. doi:10.1364/AO.422980. PMID 34613006. S2CID 237688592. Archived from the original on 23 October 2022. Retrieved 23 October 2022.
- ^ Jones, Andrew (9 December 2022). "China launches hyperspectral Earth-imaging satellite to orbit (video)". Space.com. Archived from the original on 11 December 2022. Retrieved 11 December 2022.