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{{short description|Submarine of the United States}} |
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<table border=1 align="right" cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0 width=300> |
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{{other ships|USS Permit}} |
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<tr><td colspan=2 align="center">[[Image:USS_Permit.jpg|thumb|center|270px|USS Permit (SS-178)]]</td></tr> |
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{|{{Infobox ship begin}} |
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<tr><th colspan=2 style="color: white; height: 30px; background: navy url(/upload/6/63/Usnjack.png) no-repeat scroll top left;">'''Career'''</th></tr> |
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{{Infobox ship image |
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<tr><td>Ordered:</td><td></td></tr> |
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|Ship image=[[Image:USS Permit (SS-178).jpg|center|300px|USS ''Permit'' (SS-178)]] |
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<tr><td>Laid down:</td><td>[[6 June]] [[1935]]</td></tr> |
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|Ship caption= |
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<tr><td>Launched:</td><td>[[5 October]] [[1936]]</td></tr> |
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}} |
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<tr><td>Commissioned:</td><td>[[17 March]] [[1937]]</td></tr> |
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{{Infobox ship career |
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<tr><td>Fate:</td><td>sold for scrap</td></tr> |
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|Hide header= |
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<tr><td>Stricken:</td><td>[[26 July]] [[1956]]</td></tr> |
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|Ship country=United States |
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<tr><th colspan=2 style="color: white; background: navy;">'''General Characteristics'''</th></tr> |
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|Ship flag={{USN flag|1945}} |
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<tr><td>Displacement:</td><td>1330 tons surfaced, 1997 tons submerged</td></tr> |
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|Ship name= |
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<tr><td>Length:</td><td>300 feet 7 inches</td></tr> |
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|Ship namesake= |
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<tr><td>Beam:</td><td>25 feet 1 inch</td></tr> |
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|Ship ordered= |
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<tr><td>Draft:</td><td>15 feet 3 inches</td></tr> |
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|Ship builder=[[General Dynamics Electric Boat|Electric Boat Company]], [[Groton, Connecticut]]<ref name="FriedmanSubs1-dates">{{cite book|last=Friedman|first=Norman|title=U.S. Submarines Through 1945: An Illustrated Design History|publisher=[[United States Naval Institute]]|year=1995|location=[[Annapolis, Maryland]]|pages=285–304|isbn=1-55750-263-3}}</ref> |
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<tr><td>Speed:</td><td>19.5 knots surfaced, 9 knots submerged</td></tr> |
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|Ship laid down=6 June 1935<ref name="FriedmanSubs1-dates"/> |
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<tr><td>Complement:</td><td>50 officers and men</td></tr> |
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|Ship launched=5 October 1936<ref name="FriedmanSubs1-dates"/> |
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<tr><td>Armament:</td><td>one three-inch/50-caliber gun, six 21-inch torpedo tubes</td></tr> |
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|Ship acquired= |
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</table> |
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|Ship commissioned=17 March 1937<ref name="FriedmanSubs1-dates"/> |
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'''USS ''Permit'' (SS-178)''', a [[Porpoise class submarine|''Porpoise''-class submarine]], was the first ship of the [[United States Navy]] to be named for the [[permit]], a food fish, often called "round pompano," found in waters from [[North Carolina]] to [[Brazil]]. Her keel was laid down on [[6 June]] [[1935]] by the Electric Boat Company, Groton Connecticut; [[ship naming and launching|launched]] on [[5 October]] [[1936]] sponsored by Mrs. Harold G. Bowen, and [[ship commissioning|commissioned]] on [[17 March]] [[1937]] with Lieutenant Charles O. Humphreys in command. |
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|Ship decommissioned=15 November 1945<ref name="FriedmanSubs1-dates"/> |
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|Ship in service= |
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|Ship out of service= |
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|Ship struck=26 July 1956<ref name="FriedmanSubs1-dates"/> |
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|Ship reinstated= |
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|Ship fate=Sold for scrap on 28 June 1958<ref name="FriedmanSubs1-dates"/> |
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}} |
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{{Infobox ship characteristics |
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|Hide header= |
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|Header caption= |
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|Ship class=[[United States Porpoise class submarine|''Porpoise''-class]] [[diesel-electric]] [[submarine]]<ref name="Register">{{cite book|last=Bauer|first=K. Jack|author2=Roberts, Stephen S. |title=Register of Ships of the U.S. Navy, 1775–1990: Major Combatants|publisher=Greenwood Press|year=1991|location=[[Westport, Connecticut]]|pages=268–269|isbn=0-313-26202-0}}</ref> |
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|Ship displacement={{convert|1350|long ton|t|lk=on}} standard, surfaced,<ref name="FriedmanSubs1-specs">''U.S. Submarines Through 1945'' pp. 305–311</ref> {{convert|1997|long ton|t}} submerged<ref name="FriedmanSubs1-specs"/> |
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|Ship length={{convert|298|ft|abbr=on}} (waterline),<ref>Lenton, H. T. ''American Submarines'' (New York: Doubleday, 1973), p.45.</ref> {{convert|300|ft|6|in|abbr=on}} (overall)<ref name="Lenton, p.45">Lenton, p.45.</ref> |
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|Ship beam=25 ft {{frac|7|8}} in (7.6 m)<ref name="FriedmanSubs1-specs"/> |
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|Ship draft={{convert|15|ft|abbr=on}}<ref name="FriedmanSubs1-specs"/> |
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|Ship propulsion=*'''As Built:''' 4 × [[Electro-Motive Diesel|Winton]] Model 16-201A [[V16 engine|16]]-cylinder [[Two-stroke engine|two-cycle]]<ref>Alden, John D., Commander, USN (retired). ''The Fleet Submarine in the U.S. Navy'' (Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 1979), p.210.</ref> [[diesel engine]]s, {{convert|1300|hp|MW|abbr=on}} each,<ref name="Alden, p.210">Alden, p.210.</ref> driving [[electrical generator]]s through [[Reduction drive|reduction gears]],<ref name="Register"/><ref name="FriedmanSubs1-engines">''U.S. Submarines Through 1945'' pp.261–263</ref> 2 × 120-cell Gould AMTX33HB [[battery (electricity)|batteries]],<ref name="Alden, p.211">Alden, p.211.</ref> 8 × [[General Electric]] [[electric motor]]s, {{convert|538|hp|kW|abbr=on}} each,<ref name="Alden, p.211"/> 2 [[General Motors]] six-cylinder [[Four-stroke engine|four-cycle]] 6-241 auxiliary diesels<ref name="Alden, p.210"/> |
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*'''Re-engined:''' 4 × Winton Model 12-278A<ref name="Alden, p.210"/> |
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|Ship speed={{convert|19.25|kn|km/h|abbr=on}} surfaced,<ref name="FriedmanSubs1-specs"/> {{convert|8.75|kn|km/h|abbr=on}} submerged<ref name="FriedmanSubs1-specs"/> |
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|Ship range={{convert|11000|nmi|km|abbr=on}} @ {{convert|10|kn|km/h|abbr=on}},<ref name="FriedmanSubs1-specs"/> (bunkerage {{convert|92801|usgal|L|abbr=on}}<ref name="Alden, p.62">Alden, p.62.</ref> |
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|Ship endurance=10 hours @ {{convert|5|kn|km/h|abbr=on}}, 36 hours @ minimum speed submerged<ref name="FriedmanSubs1-specs"/> |
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|Ship test depth={{convert|250|ft|abbr=on}}<ref name="FriedmanSubs1-specs"/> |
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|Ship complement=*'''As built:''' 5 officers, 45 enlisted<ref name="FriedmanSubs1-specs"/> |
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*'''1945:''' 8 officers, 65 enlisted<ref name="Alden, p.62"/> |
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|Ship sensors= |
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|Ship EW= |
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|Ship armament=6 × [[American 21 inch torpedo|21 inch (533 mm)]] [[torpedo tube]]s (four forward, two aft; 16 [[torpedo]]es)<ref name="FriedmanSubs1-specs"/> (two external bow tubes added 1942),<ref name="Alden, p.62"/> 1 × [[4"/50 caliber gun|{{convert|4|in|mm|abbr=on}}]]/50 [[Caliber#Caliber as measurement of length|cal]] deck gun,<ref name="Lenton, p.45"/> 4 × [[M1919 Browning machine gun|.30 cal (7.62 mm)]] [[machinegun]]s (2x2)<ref name="Lenton, p.45"/> |
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|Ship notes= |
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}} |
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|} |
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'''USS ''Permit'' (SS-178)''', a [[United States Porpoise class submarine|''Porpoise'']]-class [[submarine]], was the first ship of the [[United States Navy]] to be named for the [[Trachinotus falcatus|permit]]. She was laid down as ''Pinna''. |
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Following shakedown, ''Permit'' operated out of [[Portsmouth, New Hampshire]], until [[29 November]] [[1937]], when she got underway for the Pacific. Transiting the [[Panama Canal]] on [[10 December]], she continued up the West Coast, and arrived at [[San Diego, California]], [[18 December]] to join SubRon 6. For the next 22 months, she cruised the Eastern Pacific, ranging from southern [[California]] to the [[Aleutian Islands]] and [[Hawaiian Islands]]. In October [[1939]], she got underway for the [[Philippines]] to join the Asiatic Fleet. |
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==Construction and commissioning== |
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''Permit''’s first patrols were conducted in Philippine waters during [[1940]] and [[1941]]. The two-year period of peace time activity gave the submarine's crew valuable training for later war activity. The ship conducted her first war patrol off the west coast of [[Luzon]] from [[11 December]] to [[20 December]] [[1941]]. From [[22 December]] to [[27 December]], she made a second patrol in the area. ''Permit'' embarked members of Admiral [[Thomas Hart]]'s staff at [[Mariveles Harbor]] on [[28 December]], and evacuated them to the [[Netherlands]]' Submarine Base, [[Soerabaja]], [[Java (island)|Java]], arriving [[6 February]] [[1942]]. Enroute, she completed a third war patrol, scouting in waters of the southern [[Philippines]]. |
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''Permit''{{'}}s [[keel]] was laid on 6 June 1935 by the [[Electric Boat Company]] at [[Groton, Connecticut|Groton]], [[Connecticut]]. She was [[Ceremonial ship launching|launched]] on 5 October 1936, sponsored by Mrs. Edith B. Bowen, wife of [[Harold G. Bowen, Sr.|Harold G. Bowen]], Chief of the [[Bureau of Engineering]], and was [[ship commissioning|commissioned]] on 17 March 1937, [[Lieutenant (navy)|Lieutenant]] Charles O. Humphreys in command. |
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The submarine departed [[Soerabaja]] for her fourth war patrol [[22 February]], as the [[Japan]]ese began to close on [[Java (island)|Java]]. On [[19 February]], submarine [[USS Swordfish (SS-193)|''Swordfish'' (SS-193)]] got through to [[Corregidor]], which was still holding out against the Japanese. It was now ''Permit''’s turn to penetrate the blockade to the "Rock." She rendezvoused off Corregidor with [[aircraft carrier]] [[USS Ranger (CV-4)|''Ranger'' (CV-4)]] the night of [[15 March]] and [[16 March]], took on board 40 officers and enlisted men, and landed her ammunition on the shore. She headed for repairs at her new base, [[Fremantle]], [[Australia]], after minor damage suffered while eluding three enemy [[destroyer]]s on [[18 March]]. |
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==Service history== |
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''Permit'' departed [[Fremantle]] on [[5 May]], and until [[11 June]] was engaged in her fifth war patrol off [[Makassar]], [[Celebes Island]] and in the enemy shipping route stretching towards [[Balikpapan]], [[Borneo]]. The submarine made her sixth war patrol enroute to [[Pearl Harbor]], from [[12 July]] to [[30 August]], and shortly departed for the [[United States]], entering [[Mare Island Navy Yard]] on [[9 September]]. |
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===Pre-World War II=== |
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She conducted her seventh war patrol off the coast of [[Honshu]], [[Japan]], from [[5 February]] [[1943]] to [[16 March]]. Towards sunset on [[8 March]], she attacked a nine-ship convoy guarded by two escorts. Two hits sent 2742-ton cargo ship ''Hisashima Maru'' to the bottom. ''Permit'' departed [[Midway Island]] on [[6 April]] for her eighth war patrol in the traffic lanes leading from the [[Mariana Islands]] to [[Truk Atoll]], [[Caroline Islands]], and after several encounters, returned to Pearl Harbor [[25 May]]. On [[20 July]], she joined submarines [[USS Lapon (SS-260)|''Lapon'' (SS-260)]] and [[USS Plunger (SS-179)|''Plunger'' (SS-179)]] at [[Midway Island]] for the first wartime penetration into the [[Sea of Japan]] to attack shipping carrying raw materials to the Japanese war plants from [[Manchuria]] and [[Korea]]. On [[7 July]], ''Permit'' fired two torpedoes which sank 787-ton cargo ship ''Banshu Maru Number 33''. Just after midnight, she spotted a two-ship convoy headed for the Korean coast-line, and with a salvo of two [[torpedo]]es sank 2212-ton cargo ship ''Showa Maru'' in five minutes. |
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Following [[shakedown cruise|shakedown]], ''Permit'' operated from [[Portsmouth, New Hampshire|Portsmouth]], [[New Hampshire]], until 29 November 1937, when she got underway for the Pacific. Transiting the [[Panama Canal]] on 10 December, she continued up the West Coast, and arrived at [[San Diego, California]] on 18 December to join Submarine Squadron 6 (SubRon 6). For the next 22 months, she cruised the Eastern Pacific, ranging from southern [[California]] to the [[Aleutian Islands]] and [[Hawaiian Islands]]. In October 1939, she got underway for the [[Philippines]] to join the Asiatic Fleet. |
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===World War II=== |
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After this highly successful patrol, ''Permit'' made her way via [[Dutch Harbor, Alaska]], to [[Pearl Harbor]], arriving [[27 July]]. On [[23 August]], she departed for photographic reconnaissance of several atolls in the [[Marshall Islands]]. While off [[Kwajalein]], she evaded aerial bombs on [[3 September]] and depth charges on [[9 September]]. She made attacks on enemy vessels, damaging several, before ending the patrol at Pearl Harbor on [[24 September]]. Her next war patrol was in the [[Caroline Islands]] from early January [[1944]] until mid-March. |
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''Permit''{{'}}s first cruises were conducted in Philippine waters during 1940–1941. The two-year period of peace time activity gave the submarine's crew valuable training for later war activity. The ship - commanded by [[Lieutenant commander (United States)|Lieutenant Commander]] Adrian M. Hurst - conducted her first war patrol off the west coast of [[Luzon]] from 11 to 20 December 1941. From 22 to 27 December, she made a second patrol in the area. ''Permit'' embarked members of [[Admiral]] [[Thomas C. Hart]]'s staff at [[Mariveles, Bataan#Geography|Mariveles Bay]] on 28 December and evacuated them to the [[Netherlands]]' Submarine Base, [[Soerabaja|Surabaya]], [[Java (island)|Java]], arriving on 6 February 1942. ''En route'', she completed a third war patrol, scouting in waters of the southern [[Philippines]]. |
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The submarine departed [[Soerabaja|Surabaya]] for her fourth war patrol on 22 February, as the [[Japan]]ese began to close on Java. On 19 February, {{USS|Swordfish|SS-193|2}} got through to [[Corregidor]], which was still holding out against the Japanese. On 13 March, ''Permit'' sank the scuttled ''PT-32'' of [[Motor Torpedo Boat Squadron Three]]. It was now ''Permit''{{'}}s turn to penetrate the blockade to the "Rock." She rendezvoused off Corregidor on the night of 15–16 March, took on board 40 officers and enlisted men (including 36 precious [[cryptanalysts]] from the intelligence station, <small>CAST</small>),<ref>Blair, Clay, Jr. ''Silent Victory'' (New York: Bantam 1976; reprints Lippincott 1975 edition), p.193.</ref> and landed her ammunition. She headed for repairs at her new base, [[Fremantle, Western Australia]], after minor damage suffered eluding three enemy [[destroyer]]s on 18 March. |
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Her 12th war patrol was in the same region, on lifeguard station in support of the air strikes on [[Truk Atoll]]. She remained on station from [[7 May]] until [[1 June]]. ''Permit'' commenced her 13th war patrol with her departure from [[Majuro Atoll]] on [[30 June]], and ended it with her arrival at [[Brisbane]], [[Australia]], on [[13 August]]. On [[21 September]], she departed to relieve submarine [[USS Tarpon (SS-175)|''Tarpon'' (SS-175)]] on lifeguard duty off [[Truk]], and on [[11 November]] ended her 14th and last war patrol at [[Pearl Harbor]]. |
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''Permit'' departed Fremantle on 5 May, and until 11 June was engaged in her fifth war patrol off [[Makassar]], [[Celebes Island]] and in the enemy shipping route stretching towards [[Balikpapan]], [[Borneo]]. She made her sixth war patrol ''en route'' to [[Pearl Harbor]] - from 12 July-30 August - and shortly departed for the [[United States]], entering [[Mare Island Navy Yard]] on 9 September for overhaul. |
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After refit, she sailed for the [[United States]] on [[29 January]] [[1945]], and entered the [[Philadelphia Navy Yard]] on [[23 February]]. In mid-May, she sailed to the Submarine Base, [[New London, Connecticut]], to serve as a schoolship until [[30 October]], when she entered [[Boston Naval Shipyard]] for inactivation. |
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She conducted her seventh war patrol off [[Honshū]], [[Japan]] from 5 February-16 March 1943. Towards sunset on 8 March, she attacked a nine-ship convoy with two escorts. Two hits sent ''Hisashima Maru'' to the bottom. ''Permit'' departed [[Midway Island]] on 6 April for her eighth war patrol in the shipping lanes from the [[Mariana Islands]] to [[Truk Atoll]], [[Caroline Islands]], and after several encounters, returned to Pearl Harbor on 25 May. On 7 July, ''Permit'' launched two torpedoes which sank ''Banshu Maru Number 33''. Just after midnight, she spotted a two-ship convoy headed for the Korean coast, and with a salvo of two torpedoes sank ''Showa Maru'' in five minutes. |
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''Permit'' decommissioned [[15 November]] [[1945]]. Her name was struck from the [[Naval Vessel Register]] [[26 July]] [[1956]]; the submarine's hulk was sold for scrap to A.G. Schoonmaker, Inc., [[New York City]], on [[28 June]] [[1958]]. |
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At approximately 18:30 on 9 July 1943, ''Permit'' mistakenly attacked the [[Soviet Union|Soviet]] [[Oceanography|oceanographic]] [[research ship]] ''Seiner No. 20'' with gunfire {{convert|27|nmi|0}} off [[Kaiba To]] and {{convert|14|to|15|nmi|0}} west of [[Todosima Island]], setting the ship ablaze and killing two people. Upon discovering that she was a Soviet ship, ''Permit'' closed with her and rescued ''Seiner No. 20'''s 12 survivors, seven men and five women.<ref name=hinmanappB>Hinman & Campbell, Appendix B, unpaginated.</ref><ref>[http://forum.axishistory.com/viewtopic.php?f=79&t=78290&start=60 Axis History Forum]</ref> ''Seiner No. 20'' sank at 19:00.<ref name=hinmanappB/> Under escort by the [[high-speed transport]] {{USS|Kane|APD-18}}, ''Permit'' proceeded to the entrance to [[Dutch Harbor, Alaska|Dutch Harbor]] in the [[Aleutian Islands]], where she transferred the survivors to ''Kane'' on 17 July.<ref name=hinmanappB/> |
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For her service during [[World War II]], ''Permit'' received ten [[battle star]]s. |
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On 20 July 1943, ''Permit'' joined the submarines {{USS|Lapon|SS-260}} and {{USS|Plunger|SS-179}} at Midway for the first wartime penetration into the [[Sea of Japan]], to attack shipping carrying raw materials to [[Japan]] from [[Manchuria]] and [[Korea]]. |
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See [[USS Permit|USS ''Permit'']] for other ships of the same name. |
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After this highly successful patrol, ''Permit'' made her way ''via'' [[Dutch Harbor, Alaska]], to [[Pearl Harbor]], arriving on 27 July. On 23 August, she departed for photographic reconnaissance of several atolls in the [[Marshall Islands]]. Off [[Kwajalein]], she evaded aerial bombs on 3 September and depth charges on 9 September. She made attacks on enemy vessels, damaging several, before returning to Pearl Harbor on 24 September. Her next war patrol was in the [[Caroline Islands]], held from early-January - mid-March 1944. |
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== References == |
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This article includes information collected from the ''[[Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships]]''. |
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Her 12th war patrol was in the same region, on lifeguard duty in support of the air strikes on Truk. She remained on station from 7 May to 1 June 1944. On 28 May 1944 a [[Lockheed Ventura|PV-1 Ventura]] [[Maritime patrol aircraft|patrol bomber]] of U.S. Navy [[VP-148|Bombing Squadron 148 (VB-148)]] mistakenly attacked her in the [[Pacific Ocean]] in the vicinity of {{coord|06|45|N|151|52|E}}, damaging her with a [[depth charge]] . ''Permit'' suffered no casualties.<ref>Hinman & Campbell, pp. 132–133.</ref> |
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''Permit'' commenced her 13th patrol with her departure from [[Majuro Atoll]] on 30 June, and ended it with her arrival at [[Brisbane]], [[Australia]] on 13 August. On 21 September, she departed to relieve {{USS|Tarpon|SS-175|2}} on lifeguard duty off Truk, and on 11 November ended her 14th and last war patrol at [[Pearl Harbor]]. |
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After [[refit]], she sailed for the [[United States]] on 29 January 1945, and entered the [[Philadelphia Navy Yard]] on 23 February. In mid-May, she sailed to the [[Naval Submarine Base New London|Submarine Base]], [[New London, Connecticut]], to serve as a schoolship until 30 October, when she entered [[Boston Naval Shipyard]] for inactivation. |
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''Permit'' decommissioned on 15 November 1945. Her name was stricken from the [[Naval Vessel Register]] on 26 July 1956; her hulk was sold for scrap to A.G. Schoonmaker, Inc., [[New York City]] on 28 June 1958. |
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==Awards== |
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* {{ribbon devices|number=10|type=service-star|ribbon=Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal ribbon.svg|width=106}} [[Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal]] with 10 battle stars for [[World War II]] service |
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==References== |
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===Citations=== |
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{{reflist}} |
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{{refbegin}} |
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*{{DANFS|http://www.history.navy.mil/research/histories/ship-histories/danfs/p/permit-i.html}} |
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{{refend}} |
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===Bibliography=== |
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* [https://books.google.com/books?id=hkupDwAAQBAJ&dq=LApon+raton&pg=PA181 Hinman, Charles R., and Douglas E. Campbell. ''The Submarine Has No Friends: Friendly Fire Incidents Involving U.S. Submarines During World War II''. Syneca Research Group, Inc., 2019.] {{ISBN|978-0-359-76906-3}}. |
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{{United_States_Porpoise_class_submarine}} |
{{United_States_Porpoise_class_submarine}} |
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{{July 1943 shipwrecks}} |
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{{May 1944 shipwrecks}} |
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{{coord|8|23|N|165|12|E|source:kolossus-jawiki|display=title}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Permit (Ss-178)}} |
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[[Category:United States Porpoise-class submarines]] |
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[[Category:World War II submarines of the United States]] |
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[[Category:Ships built in Groton, Connecticut]] |
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[[Category:1936 ships]] |
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[[Category:Maritime incidents in July 1943]] |
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[[Category:Maritime incidents in May 1944]] |
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[[Category:Friendly fire incidents of World War II]] |
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Latest revision as of 00:03, 14 February 2024
.jpg) | |
| History | |
|---|---|
 United States | |
| Builder | Electric Boat Company, Groton, Connecticut[1] |
| Laid down | 6 June 1935[1] |
| Launched | 5 October 1936[1] |
| Commissioned | 17 March 1937[1] |
| Decommissioned | 15 November 1945[1] |
| Stricken | 26 July 1956[1] |
| Fate | Sold for scrap on 28 June 1958[1] |
| General characteristics | |
| Class and type | Porpoise-class diesel-electric submarine[6] |
| Displacement | 1,350 long tons (1,370 t) standard, surfaced,[2] 1,997 long tons (2,029 t) submerged[2] |
| Length | 298 ft (91 m) (waterline),[9] 300 ft 6 in (91.59 m) (overall)[10] |
| Beam | 25 ft 7⁄8 in (7.6 m)[2] |
| Draft | 15 ft (4.6 m)[2] |
| Propulsion |
|
| Speed | 19.25 kn (35.65 km/h) surfaced,[2] 8.75 kn (16.21 km/h) submerged[2] |
| Range | 11,000 nmi (20,000 km) @ 10 kn (19 km/h),[2] (bunkerage 92,801 US gal (351,290 L)[3] |
| Endurance | 10 hours @ 5 kn (9.3 km/h), 36 hours @ minimum speed submerged[2] |
| Test depth | 250 ft (76 m)[2] |
| Complement | |
| Armament | 6 × 21 inch (533 mm) torpedo tubes (four forward, two aft; 16 torpedoes)[2] (two external bow tubes added 1942),[3] 1 × 4 in (100 mm)/50 cal deck gun,[10] 4 × .30 cal (7.62 mm) machineguns (2x2)[10] |
USS Permit (SS-178), a Porpoise-class submarine, was the first ship of the United States Navy to be named for the permit. She was laid down as Pinna.
Construction and commissioning[edit]
Permit's keel was laid on 6 June 1935 by the Electric Boat Company at Groton, Connecticut. She was launched on 5 October 1936, sponsored by Mrs. Edith B. Bowen, wife of Harold G. Bowen, Chief of the Bureau of Engineering, and was commissioned on 17 March 1937, Lieutenant Charles O. Humphreys in command.
Service history[edit]
Pre-World War II[edit]
Following shakedown, Permit operated from Portsmouth, New Hampshire, until 29 November 1937, when she got underway for the Pacific. Transiting the Panama Canal on 10 December, she continued up the West Coast, and arrived at San Diego, California on 18 December to join Submarine Squadron 6 (SubRon 6). For the next 22 months, she cruised the Eastern Pacific, ranging from southern California to the Aleutian Islands and Hawaiian Islands. In October 1939, she got underway for the Philippines to join the Asiatic Fleet.
World War II[edit]
Permit's first cruises were conducted in Philippine waters during 1940–1941. The two-year period of peace time activity gave the submarine's crew valuable training for later war activity. The ship - commanded by Lieutenant Commander Adrian M. Hurst - conducted her first war patrol off the west coast of Luzon from 11 to 20 December 1941. From 22 to 27 December, she made a second patrol in the area. Permit embarked members of Admiral Thomas C. Hart's staff at Mariveles Bay on 28 December and evacuated them to the Netherlands' Submarine Base, Surabaya, Java, arriving on 6 February 1942. En route, she completed a third war patrol, scouting in waters of the southern Philippines.
The submarine departed Surabaya for her fourth war patrol on 22 February, as the Japanese began to close on Java. On 19 February, Swordfish got through to Corregidor, which was still holding out against the Japanese. On 13 March, Permit sank the scuttled PT-32 of Motor Torpedo Boat Squadron Three. It was now Permit's turn to penetrate the blockade to the "Rock." She rendezvoused off Corregidor on the night of 15–16 March, took on board 40 officers and enlisted men (including 36 precious cryptanalysts from the intelligence station, CAST),[11] and landed her ammunition. She headed for repairs at her new base, Fremantle, Western Australia, after minor damage suffered eluding three enemy destroyers on 18 March.
Permit departed Fremantle on 5 May, and until 11 June was engaged in her fifth war patrol off Makassar, Celebes Island and in the enemy shipping route stretching towards Balikpapan, Borneo. She made her sixth war patrol en route to Pearl Harbor - from 12 July-30 August - and shortly departed for the United States, entering Mare Island Navy Yard on 9 September for overhaul.
She conducted her seventh war patrol off Honshū, Japan from 5 February-16 March 1943. Towards sunset on 8 March, she attacked a nine-ship convoy with two escorts. Two hits sent Hisashima Maru to the bottom. Permit departed Midway Island on 6 April for her eighth war patrol in the shipping lanes from the Mariana Islands to Truk Atoll, Caroline Islands, and after several encounters, returned to Pearl Harbor on 25 May. On 7 July, Permit launched two torpedoes which sank Banshu Maru Number 33. Just after midnight, she spotted a two-ship convoy headed for the Korean coast, and with a salvo of two torpedoes sank Showa Maru in five minutes.
At approximately 18:30 on 9 July 1943, Permit mistakenly attacked the Soviet oceanographic research ship Seiner No. 20 with gunfire 27 nautical miles (50 km; 31 mi) off Kaiba To and 14 to 15 nautical miles (26 to 28 km; 16 to 17 mi) west of Todosima Island, setting the ship ablaze and killing two people. Upon discovering that she was a Soviet ship, Permit closed with her and rescued Seiner No. 20's 12 survivors, seven men and five women.[12][13] Seiner No. 20 sank at 19:00.[12] Under escort by the high-speed transport USS Kane (APD-18), Permit proceeded to the entrance to Dutch Harbor in the Aleutian Islands, where she transferred the survivors to Kane on 17 July.[12]
On 20 July 1943, Permit joined the submarines USS Lapon (SS-260) and USS Plunger (SS-179) at Midway for the first wartime penetration into the Sea of Japan, to attack shipping carrying raw materials to Japan from Manchuria and Korea.
After this highly successful patrol, Permit made her way via Dutch Harbor, Alaska, to Pearl Harbor, arriving on 27 July. On 23 August, she departed for photographic reconnaissance of several atolls in the Marshall Islands. Off Kwajalein, she evaded aerial bombs on 3 September and depth charges on 9 September. She made attacks on enemy vessels, damaging several, before returning to Pearl Harbor on 24 September. Her next war patrol was in the Caroline Islands, held from early-January - mid-March 1944.
Her 12th war patrol was in the same region, on lifeguard duty in support of the air strikes on Truk. She remained on station from 7 May to 1 June 1944. On 28 May 1944 a PV-1 Ventura patrol bomber of U.S. Navy Bombing Squadron 148 (VB-148) mistakenly attacked her in the Pacific Ocean in the vicinity of 06°45′N 151°52′E / 6.750°N 151.867°E, damaging her with a depth charge . Permit suffered no casualties.[14]
Permit commenced her 13th patrol with her departure from Majuro Atoll on 30 June, and ended it with her arrival at Brisbane, Australia on 13 August. On 21 September, she departed to relieve Tarpon on lifeguard duty off Truk, and on 11 November ended her 14th and last war patrol at Pearl Harbor.
After refit, she sailed for the United States on 29 January 1945, and entered the Philadelphia Navy Yard on 23 February. In mid-May, she sailed to the Submarine Base, New London, Connecticut, to serve as a schoolship until 30 October, when she entered Boston Naval Shipyard for inactivation.
Permit decommissioned on 15 November 1945. Her name was stricken from the Naval Vessel Register on 26 July 1956; her hulk was sold for scrap to A.G. Schoonmaker, Inc., New York City on 28 June 1958.
Awards[edit]
- Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal with 10 battle stars for World War II service
References[edit]
Citations[edit]
- ^ a b c d e f g Friedman, Norman (1995). U.S. Submarines Through 1945: An Illustrated Design History. Annapolis, Maryland: United States Naval Institute. pp. 285–304. ISBN 1-55750-263-3.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k U.S. Submarines Through 1945 pp. 305–311
- ^ a b c Alden, p.62.
- ^ Alden, John D., Commander, USN (retired). The Fleet Submarine in the U.S. Navy (Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 1979), p.210.
- ^ a b c Alden, p.210.
- ^ a b Bauer, K. Jack; Roberts, Stephen S. (1991). Register of Ships of the U.S. Navy, 1775–1990: Major Combatants. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. pp. 268–269. ISBN 0-313-26202-0.
- ^ U.S. Submarines Through 1945 pp.261–263
- ^ a b Alden, p.211.
- ^ Lenton, H. T. American Submarines (New York: Doubleday, 1973), p.45.
- ^ a b c Lenton, p.45.
- ^ Blair, Clay, Jr. Silent Victory (New York: Bantam 1976; reprints Lippincott 1975 edition), p.193.
- ^ a b c Hinman & Campbell, Appendix B, unpaginated.
- ^ Axis History Forum
- ^ Hinman & Campbell, pp. 132–133.
This article incorporates text from the public domain Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. The entry can be found here.
Bibliography[edit]
- Hinman, Charles R., and Douglas E. Campbell. The Submarine Has No Friends: Friendly Fire Incidents Involving U.S. Submarines During World War II. Syneca Research Group, Inc., 2019. ISBN 978-0-359-76906-3.
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