Vjetrenica Cave: Difference between revisions

Coordinates: 42°50′45″N 17°59′02″E / 42.845900°N 17.983806°E / 42.845900; 17.983806
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{{Short description|Largest cave in Bosnia and Herzegovina}}
{{Infobox cave
{{Infobox cave
| name = Vjetrenica
| name = Vjetrenica Cave
| alt_name = Wind cave, Blowhole Cave
| alt_name = Wind Cave, Blowhole Cave
| photo = Vjetrenica Cave.JPG
| photo = Vjetrenica Cave.JPG
| photo_width = 250
| photo_width = 250
| photo_alt =
| photo_alt =
| photo_caption = Cave carvings in Badanj Cave
| photo_caption = Cave entrance
| map = Bosnia and Herzegovina#Yugoslavia
| map = Bosnia and Herzegovina
| relief = yes
| relief = yes
| map_width = 350
| map_width = 350
| map_alt = Vjetrenica
| map_alt = Vjetrenica Cave
| map_caption = Location in Bosnia and Herzegovina
| map_caption = Location in Bosnia and Herzegovina
| label = Vjetrenica
| label = Vjetrenica
Line 40: Line 41:
| embedded =
| embedded =
}}
}}
'''Vjetrenica''' ({{IPA-sh|ʋjɛtrɛ̌nitsa|pron}}, which means "wind cave" or "blowhole") is the largest and most important [[cave]] in [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]], and one of the most important caves in the [[Dinaric Alps]] mountain range, which is famous worldwide for its karstic and speleological riches. It is located in the [[Popovo field]] in [[Ravno]], [[East Herzegovina]] in the [[Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina]].
'''Vjetrenica''' ({{lang-sr-cyrl|Вјетреница}}, {{IPA-sh|ʋjɛtrɛ̌nitsa|pron}}; {{lit|wind cave|blowhole}}) is the largest [[cave]] in [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]], and the most biodiverse cave in the world. It is part of the [[Dinaric Alps]] mountain range, which is known for its [[karstic]] and [[speleogenesis|speleological]] features. The cave is located in the [[Popovo field]] in [[Ravno]], [[East Herzegovina]] in the [[Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina]].


==Geography==
==Geography==
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===Popovo Polje and cave location===
===Popovo Polje and cave location===


Vjetrenica is located in [[Popovo Polje]] (pronounced {{IPA-sh|pɔ̌pɔʋɔ pɔ̂ʎɛ|}}, meaning ''priest's field'', where [[polje]] stands for [[karstic]] plain), which is itself located in a southernmost regions of [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]], [[West Herzegovina]], near the [[Adriatic]] coast.
Vjetrenica is located in [[Popovo Polje]] (pronounced {{IPA-sh|pɔ̌pɔʋɔ pɔ̂ʎɛ|}}, meaning ''priest's field'', where [[polje]] means a [[karstic]] plain), which is itself located in the southernmost regions of [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]], [[West Herzegovina]], near the [[Adriatic]] coast.
Its entrance is near the [[village]] of [[Zavala, Bosnia-Herzegovina|Zavala]], in west - south-western corner of polje. In the warmer parts of the year a strong blast of cold air blows from its entrance, which is very attractive in the middle of the rocky, hot and waterless terrain.
Its entrance is near the [[village]] of [[Zavala, Bosnia-Herzegovina|Zavala]], in the west - south-western corner of the polje. During the warmer parts of the year, a strong blast of cold air blows from its entrance, which is very attractive in the middle of the rocky, hot and waterless terrain.


Popovo Polje is one of the largest polje (karstic plain) in [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] and the world, famous for its [[karstic]] phenomenons and features, and particularly for its [[Trebišnjica River]], which flows through the polje as largest [[sinking river]] (also ''losing stream'', or ''influent stream'') the world, as well as the Vjetrenica cave system, located to the west/south-western parts of the valley.
Popovo Polje is one of the largest polje (karstic plains) in [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] and the world, famous for its many [[karstic]] phenomena and features, and particularly for its [[Trebišnjica River]], which flows through the polje as the largest [[sinking river]] (also ''losing stream'', or ''influent stream'') in the world, as well as the Vjetrenica cave system, located to the west/south-western parts of the valley.


The cave has been explored and described to a total of 7,014 m in length; of this the main channel is about 2.47 km long. It runs from the edge of [[Popovo Polje]] to the south, and on the basis of analysis of the terrain, [[geologist]]s have predicted that Vjetrenica could stretch right to the [[Adriatic Sea]] in the [[Republic of Croatia]], 15–20 km away from its entrance. Along with the [[hydrological]] arguments, this assumption is also supported by the "unnatural" end of Vjetrenica in the form of a huge heap of stone blocks that have caved in.
The cave has been explored and described to a total distance of 7,014 m; of this the main channel is about 2.47 km long. It runs from the edge of [[Popovo Polje]] to the south, and on the basis of analysis of the terrain, [[geologist]]s have predicted that Vjetrenica could stretch right to the [[Adriatic Sea]] in the [[Republic of Croatia]], 15–20 km away from its entrance. Along with the [[hydrological]] arguments, this assumption is also supported by the "unnatural" end of Vjetrenica in the form of a huge heap of stone blocks that have caved in.


Vjetrenica is the richest cave in the world in terms of subterranean biodiversity: among more than two hundred different species are registered in it, almost hundred are [[troglophile]]s, a great number of them are narrow endemic, 15 are stenoendemic, and about 37 were discovered and described in Vjetrenica for the first time.<ref>{{cite web|title=Vjetrenica (official page)|url=http://www.vjetrenica.com/|publisher=vjetrenica.com/|accessdate=4 March 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130710194225/http://www.vjetrenica.com/|archive-date=10 July 2013|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
Vjetrenica is the richest cave in the world in terms of subterranean biodiversity: among more than two hundred different species are registered in it, almost a hundred are [[troglophile]]s, a great number of them are narrow endemic, 15 are stenoendemic, and about 37 were discovered and described in Vjetrenica for the first time.<ref>{{cite web|title=Vjetrenica (official page)|url=http://www.vjetrenica.com/|publisher=vjetrenica.com/|access-date=4 March 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130710194225/http://www.vjetrenica.com/|archive-date=10 July 2013|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>


==Natural and architectural assemble==
==Natural and architectural assemble==


===Zavala Village===
===Zavala Village===
Located in Popovo Polje in [[Ravno]] municipality, village [[Zavala, Bosnia and Herzegovina|Zavala]] with its old architecture and stone masonry, together with Vjetrenica cave, constitute the natural and architectural ensemble, which is in the process of being protected as ''National Monument of Bosnia and Herzegovina'', and as such it is already placed on [[List of World Heritage Sites in Bosnia and Herzegovina|UNESCO Tentative List]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Zavala graditeljska cjelina|url=http://kons.gov.ba/main.php?mod=spomenici&extra=Odluke&action=view&lang=1&id=1820|publisher=Commission to preserve national monuments|accessdate=4 March 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Pećina Vjetrenica u Zavali|url=http://kons.gov.ba/main.php?mod=spomenici&extra=Peticije&action=view&lang=1&id=3484|publisher=Commission to preserve national monuments|accessdate=4 March 2013}}</ref>
Located in Popovo Polje in [[Ravno]] municipality, village [[Zavala, Bosnia and Herzegovina|Zavala]] with its old architecture and stone masonry, together with Vjetrenica cave, constitute the natural and architectural ensemble, which is in the process of being protected as ''National Monument of Bosnia and Herzegovina'', and as such it is already placed on [[List of World Heritage Sites in Bosnia and Herzegovina|UNESCO Tentative List]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Zavala graditeljska cjelina|url=http://kons.gov.ba/main.php?mod=spomenici&extra=Odluke&action=view&lang=1&id=1820|publisher=Commission to preserve national monuments|access-date=4 March 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Pećina Vjetrenica u Zavali|url=http://kons.gov.ba/main.php?mod=spomenici&extra=Peticije&action=view&lang=1&id=3484|publisher=Commission to preserve national monuments|access-date=4 March 2013}}</ref>


Vjetrenica cave is considered to have richest cave fauna, with highest rate of endemism.<ref>{{cite web|title=Vjetrenica (official page)|url=http://www.vjetrenica.com/|publisher=vjetrenica.com/|accessdate=4 March 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130710194225/http://www.vjetrenica.com/|archive-date=10 July 2013|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
Vjetrenica cave is considered to have richest cave fauna, with highest rate of endemism.<ref>{{cite web|title=Vjetrenica (official page)|url=http://www.vjetrenica.com/|publisher=vjetrenica.com/|access-date=4 March 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130710194225/http://www.vjetrenica.com/|archive-date=10 July 2013|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
Vjetrenica cave also acquired fame throughout the world geological and biological scientific communities, as well as environmental communities around the country and the world for its imperiled and uncertain future, caused by unprofessional management lacking any expertise, and uncertain status at state and especially local level.
Vjetrenica cave also acquired fame throughout the world geological and biological scientific communities, as well as environmental communities around the country and the world for its imperiled and uncertain future, caused by unprofessional management lacking any expertise, and uncertain status at state and especially local level.


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===UNESCO nomination===
===UNESCO nomination===
Despite all setbacks government of Bosnia and Herzegovina, although creepingly slowly, nominated [[List of World Heritage Sites in Bosnia and Herzegovina|Vjeternica (with village Zavala) to UNESCO Tentative List]] clearly expressing intention to protect the cave and its biodiversity and eventually inscribe it with UNESCO.<ref>{{cite web|title=Vjetrenica Cave (Tentative List)|url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/1975/|publisher=UNESCO|accessdate=4 March 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Vjetrenica (official page)|url=http://www.vjetrenica.com/|publisher=vjetrenica.com/|accessdate=4 March 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130710194225/http://www.vjetrenica.com/|archive-date=10 July 2013|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
Despite all setbacks government of Bosnia and Herzegovina, although creepingly slowly, nominated [[List of World Heritage Sites in Bosnia and Herzegovina|Vjeternica (with village Zavala) to UNESCO Tentative List]] clearly expressing intention to protect the cave and its biodiversity and eventually inscribe it with UNESCO.<ref>{{cite web|title=Vjetrenica Cave (Tentative List)|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/1975/|publisher=UNESCO|access-date=4 March 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Vjetrenica (official page)|url=http://www.vjetrenica.com/|publisher=vjetrenica.com/|access-date=4 March 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130710194225/http://www.vjetrenica.com/|archive-date=10 July 2013|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>


==See also==
==See also==
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==External links==
==External links==
* http://www.vjetrenica.ba/
* [http://www.vjetrenica.ba/ Vjetrenica], official homepage
* [https://www.showcaves.com/english/other/showcaves/Vjetrenica.html Pećina Vjetrenica] on showcaves.com


{{Caves in Bosnia and Herzegovina}}
{{Caves in Bosnia and Herzegovina}}
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[[Category:Show caves]]
[[Category:Show caves]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Bosnia and Herzegovina]]
[[Category:Tourist attractions in Bosnia and Herzegovina]]
[[Category:World Heritage Site Tentative list]]
[[Category:World Heritage Tentative List for Bosnia and Herzegovina]]
[[Category:World Heritage Tentative List for Bosnia and Herzegovina]]
[[Category:Protected areas of Bosnia and Herzegovina]]
[[Category:Protected areas of Bosnia and Herzegovina]]

Latest revision as of 23:02, 8 April 2024

Vjetrenica Cave
Wind Cave, Blowhole Cave
Cave entrance
Vjetrenica Cave
Vjetrenica Cave
Vjetrenica
Location in Bosnia and Herzegovina
LocationRavno, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Coordinates42°50′45″N 17°59′02″E / 42.845900°N 17.983806°E / 42.845900; 17.983806
Length7,014 metres
GeologyKarst cave
Show cave openedyes
TranslationWindy cave or blowhole (Serbo-Croatian)
Pronunciationpronounced [ʋjɛtrɛ̌nitsa]
Websitewww.centarzakrs.ba

Vjetrenica (Serbian Cyrillic: Вјетреница, pronounced [ʋjɛtrɛ̌nitsa]; lit. 'wind cave' or 'blowhole') is the largest cave in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and the most biodiverse cave in the world. It is part of the Dinaric Alps mountain range, which is known for its karstic and speleological features. The cave is located in the Popovo field in Ravno, East Herzegovina in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Geography[edit]

Popovo Polje, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Popovo Polje and cave location[edit]

Vjetrenica is located in Popovo Polje (pronounced [pɔ̌pɔʋɔ pɔ̂ʎɛ], meaning priest's field, where polje means a karstic plain), which is itself located in the southernmost regions of Bosnia and Herzegovina, West Herzegovina, near the Adriatic coast. Its entrance is near the village of Zavala, in the west - south-western corner of the polje. During the warmer parts of the year, a strong blast of cold air blows from its entrance, which is very attractive in the middle of the rocky, hot and waterless terrain.

Popovo Polje is one of the largest polje (karstic plains) in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the world, famous for its many karstic phenomena and features, and particularly for its Trebišnjica River, which flows through the polje as the largest sinking river (also losing stream, or influent stream) in the world, as well as the Vjetrenica cave system, located to the west/south-western parts of the valley.

The cave has been explored and described to a total distance of 7,014 m; of this the main channel is about 2.47 km long. It runs from the edge of Popovo Polje to the south, and on the basis of analysis of the terrain, geologists have predicted that Vjetrenica could stretch right to the Adriatic Sea in the Republic of Croatia, 15–20 km away from its entrance. Along with the hydrological arguments, this assumption is also supported by the "unnatural" end of Vjetrenica in the form of a huge heap of stone blocks that have caved in.

Vjetrenica is the richest cave in the world in terms of subterranean biodiversity: among more than two hundred different species are registered in it, almost a hundred are troglophiles, a great number of them are narrow endemic, 15 are stenoendemic, and about 37 were discovered and described in Vjetrenica for the first time.[1]

Natural and architectural assemble[edit]

Zavala Village[edit]

Located in Popovo Polje in Ravno municipality, village Zavala with its old architecture and stone masonry, together with Vjetrenica cave, constitute the natural and architectural ensemble, which is in the process of being protected as National Monument of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and as such it is already placed on UNESCO Tentative List.[2][3]

Vjetrenica cave is considered to have richest cave fauna, with highest rate of endemism.[4] Vjetrenica cave also acquired fame throughout the world geological and biological scientific communities, as well as environmental communities around the country and the world for its imperiled and uncertain future, caused by unprofessional management lacking any expertise, and uncertain status at state and especially local level.

Inside Vjetrenica cave

UNESCO nomination[edit]

Despite all setbacks government of Bosnia and Herzegovina, although creepingly slowly, nominated Vjeternica (with village Zavala) to UNESCO Tentative List clearly expressing intention to protect the cave and its biodiversity and eventually inscribe it with UNESCO.[5][6]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ "Vjetrenica (official page)". vjetrenica.com/. Archived from the original on 10 July 2013. Retrieved 4 March 2013.
  2. ^ "Zavala graditeljska cjelina". Commission to preserve national monuments. Retrieved 4 March 2013.
  3. ^ "Pećina Vjetrenica u Zavali". Commission to preserve national monuments. Retrieved 4 March 2013.
  4. ^ "Vjetrenica (official page)". vjetrenica.com/. Archived from the original on 10 July 2013. Retrieved 4 March 2013.
  5. ^ "Vjetrenica Cave (Tentative List)". UNESCO. Retrieved 4 March 2013.
  6. ^ "Vjetrenica (official page)". vjetrenica.com/. Archived from the original on 10 July 2013. Retrieved 4 March 2013.

External links[edit]

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vjetrenica_Cave&oldid=1217961842"