United States Naval Forces Central Command: Difference between revisions

United States Naval Forces Central Command (USNAVCENT)
United States Naval Forces Central Command (USNAVCENT)
Active	1983–present
Country	United States
Branch	United States Navy
Type	Service component command
Part of	United States Central Command
Headquarters	Naval Support Activity Bahrain
Website	www.cusnc.navy.mil
Commanders
Commander, U.S. Naval Forces Central Command; Commander, U.S. 5th Fleet and Combined Forces Maritime Component	VADM George Wikoff
Deputy Commander, U.S. Naval Forces Central Command	RDML Joshua Lasky
Vice Commander, U.S. Naval Forces Central Command	RDML Jeffrey A. Jurgemeyer
United Kingdom Maritime Component Commander	Commodore Phillip Dennis, Royal Navy
Command Master Chief, U.S. Naval Forces Central Command; Command Master Chief, U.S. 5th Fleet.	CMDCM Christopher King

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United States Naval Forces Central Command (NAVCENT) is the United States Navy element of United States Central Command (USCENTCOM). Its area of responsibility includes the Red Sea, Gulf of Oman, Persian Gulf, and Arabian Sea. It consists of the United States Fifth Fleet and several other subordinate task forces, including Combined Task Force 150, Combined Task Force 158 and others.

Navy Persian Gulf operations 1945–1971

The Navy's post-World War II operations in the Persian Gulf began in 1948 when a series of U.S. task groups, led by the aircraft carrier USS Valley Forge, the escort carrier USS Rendova, and Task Force 128 led by USS Pocono, visited the Persian Gulf.^[1] On 20 January 1948, Commander-in-Chief, Northeastern Atlantic and Mediterranean, Admiral Conolly, created Task Force 126 to supervise the large number of Navy fleet oilers and chartered tankers picking up oil in the Persian Gulf. By June 1949, the Task Force had become Persian Gulf Forces and on 16 August 1949 Persian Gulf Forces became Middle East Force.^[2]

In October 1948, Hydrographic Survey Group 1 arrived to help map the Persian Gulf's waters. Consisting of USS Maury, USS Dutton, USS John Blish, and USS Littlehales, the group remained in the Persian Gulf until April 1949, but their efforts were limited by weather, logistics support and upkeep.^[2]

In 1971, when Bahrain achieved full independence, the U.S. Navy leased part of the former British base HMS Jufair, originally established in 1935. It was renamed it Administrative Support Unit, Bahrain. The name was changed to Naval Support Activity Bahrain in 1999, to reflect its broader support role.^{[citation needed]}

Naval Forces Central Command from 1983

The command was established on 1 January 1983 along with the rest of U.S. Central Command, and command of NAVCENT was initially given to a flag officer selectee based at Pearl Harbor and tasked with coordinating administrative and logistical support for U.S. naval forces in the Persian Gulf. Rear Admiral (lower half) Stan Arthur, the first ComUSNAVCENT, served simultaneously as the Commander-in-Chief, Pacific Fleet, Plans Officer during his first year in the position.^[3] An actual flag officer deployed to the region known as Commander, Middle East Force (COMMIDEASTFOR), retained operational control of U.S. naval forces in the Persian Gulf and effectively served as USCENTCOM's de facto naval component commander.^[4]

Following the initial establishment of U.S. Central Command, the boundary between USCENTCOM and U.S. Pacific Command (USPACOM) was the Strait of Hormuz.

USS Klakring (FFG-42) passed southbound through the Suez Canal on 25 and 26 June 1985. As the ship crossed the Red Sea, she began to observe the weekends on Thursdays and Fridays to assimilate crewmen to Muslim daily routines. Klakring fueled and provisioned at Djibouti, Horn of Africa, on 30 June. On 1 July, she rendezvoused with guided missile destroyer Charles F. Adams and exchanged information and equipment. Whalig became Commander Task Unit (CTU) 109.1.2, and oversaw the scheduling of all multi-ship training in the Persian Gulf. Klakring sailed through the Strait of Hormuz, and on 7 July rendezvoused with command ship La Salle near Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (UAE). The frigate escorted the flagship to Sitra in Bahrain.^[5]

To direct forces of multiple services operating over the boundary, Joint Task Force Middle East was established on 20 September 1987. It was soon obvious that JTF-ME and the Middle East Force were directing much the same operations, and a single dual-hatted naval commander, Commander, Middle Eastern Force (COMMIDEASTFOR), was appointed by February 1988. U.S. Naval Forces Central Command took part in Operation Earnest Will in 1986–1987 and supported Army special operations helicopters conducting Operation Prime Chance. Operation Praying Mantis followed later.

In August 1990, Captain Robert Sutton USN, who had been selected for promotion to rear admiral (lower half), was serving as ComUSNAVCENT.^[3] The first Central Command operations order for Desert Shield, issued on 10 August 1990, reflected the Pearl Harbor/MIDEASTFOR split and split the tasks between the two organisations, but, 'most likely,' Pokrant writes, 'Schwarzkopf had already decided to do things differently.'^[6] As Pokrant recounts, in a meeting on 6 August 1990, the Central Command plans chief, Rear Admiral Grant Sharp, had advised Schwarzkopf to have a [numbered] fleet commander assigned to CENTCOM to control the extensive naval forces that would deploy. Schwarzkopf discussed the issue with Commander-in-Chief, Pacific Command, Admiral Huntington Hardisty. It was agreed that the Commander, U.S. Seventh Fleet (COMSEVENTHFLT) staff, under Vice Admiral Hank Mauz, would be despatched to command in the Middle East and, tentatively, the Commander, U.S. Third Fleet staff would be earmarked to replace them in six months.

Mauz, his staff, and his flagship, USS Blue Ridge, were all located at Yokosuka, Japan, their normal homeport. To speed the process of taking over command, Mauz obtained permission from Hardisty to fly immediately to Diego Garcia aboard a VIP-configured P-3 Orion, 'Peter Rabbit,' with key members of his staff.^[7] The rest of the command group would steam to the Persian Gulf aboard Blue Ridge. When Mauz was cleared to proceed from Diego Garcia to Bahrain, he expected to land and have some days to familiarise himself with the situation before taking over command of NAVCENT from Rear Admiral William M. Fogarty. However, on landing he found a message from Schwarzkopf ordering him to assume command immediately.

After arrival in-theatre in late 1990, Vice Admiral Henry H. Mauz "retained the Middle East Force, designated CTG 150.1 [Commander Task Group 150.1], for most warfighting functions inside the Persian Gulf. Under this hat, Rear Admiral Fogarty would control only the half-dozen ships or so of the Middle East Force, augmented by the battleship Wisconsin when it arrived. Under a second hat, CTG 150.2, Fogarty would be the commander of the U.S. Maritime Interception Force. For this job, his authority would extend outside the Persian Gulf to ships operating in the North Arabian Sea and Red Sea, but only for interception operations."^[8] The CVBGs in the North Arabian Sea and Red Sea were designated Task Groups 150.4 and 150.5 respectively; the Amphibious and Landing Forces were CTG 150.6 and CTG 150.8 (Major General Jenkins). Rear Admiral Stephen S. Clarey was Commander U.S. Maritime Prepositioning Force, Commander Task Group 150.7 (CTG 150.7), with the equipment for the U.S. Marine Corps aboard. After the ships had disembarked the Marine equipment in Saudi Arabia, CTG 150.7 was disestablished on 12 September 1990.^[9]^[10]

From 1 January 1991, the six carriers deployed were divided into Battle Force Yankee (two carriers, including Saratoga, in the Red Sea under Rear Admiral Riley Mixson, Commander, Carrier Group Two/Task Force 155) and Task Force 154, Battle Force Zulu (four carriers in the Arabian Sea/Persian Gulf under Rear Admiral Daniel P. March, Commander, Carrier Group Five). TF 150 was Vice Admiral Henry H. Mauz, Jr. himself, TF 151 the Middle East Force, now including USS Bunker Hill, TG 150.3 Naval Logistics Support Force (Rear Admiral Bob Sutton), and TF 156 the amphibious force.^[11]

Since ComUSNAVCENT operated from on board ship, he established NAVCENT-Riyadh as a staff organization to provide continuous Navy representation at CENTCOM headquarters.^[12] This mission was assigned initially to Commander, Carrier Group Three (COMCARGRU 3). During succeeding months, the NAVCENT-Riyadh staff was augmented substantially but remained small, relative to the ARCENT and CENTAF staffs. In November, the NAVCENT-Riyadh command was transferred from COMCARGRU 3 to Commander, Cruiser-Destroyer Group 5. This change resulted in the Navy flag officer at NAVCENT Riyadh's remaining relatively junior to other Service representatives, particularly CENTAF. This imbalance in size and seniority between the Navy and other staffs, coupled with the geographic separation with NAVCENT headquarters, made it difficult for NAVCENT-Riyadh to represent the interests of the Navy in the overall coordination and planning efforts.

On 24 April 1991, Vice Admiral Stan Arthur turned over command of NAVCENT to Rear Admiral Ray Taylor, Fogerty's replacement as Commander, Middle East Force, and Arthur and Blue Ridge began their voyage back to the Pacific.^[13] Two months earlier, Rear Admiral Taylor had submitted thoughts on the reorientation of the NAVCENT command structure to Schwarzkopf following an earlier direction from Admiral Arthur.^[14] The proposal, which was modified in the staffing process, eventually meant that the one-staff ComUSNAVCENT in Hawaii was upgraded to a two-star appointment co-located with Central Command headquarters in Tampa, Florida. Rear Admiral David Rogers became the first two-star Navy representative in Tampa when he relieved Rear Admiral Sutton.

Although COMSEVENTHFLT held command responsibility during this period, no numbered fleet existed permanently within the USCENTCOM area of responsibility during the first Gulf War and for the next four years thereafter. By July 1995, a new numbered fleet was deemed necessary by the senior U.S. Navy leadership, and after a 48-year hiatus, the U.S. Fifth Fleet was reactivated, replacing COMMIDEASTFOR.^[15] Dual-hatted as COMUSNAVCENT as the naval component command of USCENTCOM, the same Vice Admiral (and his staff) as Commander, U.S. Fifth Fleet (COMFIFTHFLT) now directs naval operations in the Persian Gulf, Red Sea, and the Arabian Sea. The combined COMUSNAVCENT/COMFIFTHFLT headquarters is located at NSA Bahrain in Manama, Bahrain. The command oversees both afloat and shore-based units that rotationally deploy or surge from the United States, plus a few smaller surface ships that are based in the Gulf for longer periods. Ships rotationally deploy to the U.S. Fifth Fleet from the Pacific and Atlantic Fleets.^[16]

From 2010 through 2013, the U.S. maintained two aircraft carriers east of Suez, known as a "2.0 carrier presence," although it sometimes temporarily dipped below that level.^[17] The heightened presence aimed to provide air and sea striking power for U.S. operations in Iraq and Afghanistan and also to deter Iran from bad behavior in the region and keep the Strait of Hormuz open.

In 2016 the USS San Antonio, USS Mason, USS Nitze, and USS Ponce came under attack as they moved through the Bab al-Mandeb strait on the southern end of the Red Sea. Shortly after the attacks, the USS Nitze destroyed three radar sites in Yemen in retaliation for the two separate attacks on U.S. ships in the Red Sea.^[18]

On 1 December 2018, NAVCENT commander Vice Admiral Scott A. Stearney was found dead in his residence in Bahrain. No foul play was suspected. Rear Admiral Paul J. Schlise assumed interim command. Vice Admiral Jim Malloy flew to Bahrain to take command.^[19]^[20]

Combined Maritime Forces

In February 2002 the Combined Maritime Forces was also established as an embedded activity to provide coordinated Coalition operations in the area of operations. It is an international naval partnership that provides security for civilian maritime traffic by conducting counter-piracy and counter-terrorism missions in the heavily trafficked waters of the Middle East, Africa and South Asia, including the Red Sea, the Persian Gulf, the Gulf of Aden, Arabian Sea and the wider Indian Ocean.^[21]

CMF's personnel and ships are drawn from 40 nations^[22] and are organised into four principal task forces:

Combined Task Force 150 (CTF-150) – Maritime Security & Counter-terrorism^[23]
Combined Task Force 151 (CTF-151) – Counter-piracy^[24]
Combined Task Force 152 (CTF-152) – Persian Gulf Security Cooperation^[25]
Combined Task Force 153 (CTF-153) – Red Sea Maritime Security^[26]

After the September 11 terrorist attacks on the United States, Commander, Task Force 150, previously a single-nation U.S. formation, was made into a multinational effort as Combined Task Force 150 (HOA MIO Force), and was given a renewed focus on maritime security and counter-terrorism. It was established on 3 February 2002, by Vice Admiral Charles W. Moore.^[27] Over time, it became increasingly involved in combating the rising incidence of piracy in Somalia.

Combined Task Force 151 was established in January 2009 by Vice Admiral William E. Gortney specifically to address counter-piracy operations.^[28]

Operating alongside CTF 151 and Operation Ocean Shield are other national deployments such as the People's Liberation Army Navy, most recently with "CTF 526" aboard the Type 054 frigate Wenzhou (which had the hull number 526).

Combined Task Force 153 was established in April 2022 by Vice Admiral Brad Cooper with a mission of maritime security and capacity building efforts in the Red Sea, Bab al-Mandeb, and Gulf of Aden. Captain Robert Francis was designated the first CTF-153 commander.^[29]

Combined Maritime Forces Participants

Source: Combined Maritime Forces^[21]^[33]

List of commanders

No.	Commander		Term			Notes
No.	Portrait	Name	Took office	Left office	Term length	Notes
Commander, U.S. Naval Forces Central Command (COMUSNAVCENT)
1		Rear Admiral (lower half) Stanley R. Arthur (born 1935)	1 January 1983	1987	~4 years, 0 days	Later served as the 5th NAVCENT commander from 1990 to 1991.
2		Rear Admiral (lower half) Philip F. Duffy	1987	June 1990	~3 years, 151 days	Commander, Training Command, U.S. Atlantic Fleet (1990-1991) Retired, 1991.
3		Captain Robert Sutton^[34] (1942–2020)	June 1990	August 1990	~61 days	Promoted to RDML in 1991; RADM in 1996 Commander, U.S. Naval Logistics Support Force (Task Force 150.3) (1990-1991) Commander, U.S. Naval Forces Central Command (Rear) (1991) Retired, 1999.
Commander, U.S. Naval Forces Central Command (COMUSNAVCENT) and U.S. Seventh Fleet (C7F)
4		Vice Admiral Henry H. Mauz Jr.^[35] (born 1936)	August 1990	1 December 1990	~122 days	Deputy Chief of Naval Operations for Navy Program Planning (1990-1992)^[36] Promoted to admiral, 1992. Commander-in-Chief, U.S. Atlantic Fleet (1992-1994) Retired, 1994.
5		Vice Admiral Stanley R. Arthur^[37] (born 1935)	1 December 1990	24 April 1991	144 days	Continued to command Seventh Fleet until July 1992 Promoted to admiral, 1992. Vice Chief of Naval Operations (1992-1995) Retired, 1995.
Commander, U.S. Naval Forces Central Command (COMUSNAVCENT)
6		Rear Admiral Raynor A.K. Taylor^[35] (1935–2013)	24 April 1991	19 October 1992	1 year, 178 days	Retired, 1993.
7		Vice Admiral Douglas J. Katz^[35]	19 October 1992	September 1994	~1 year, 317 days	Commander, Naval Surface Force, U.S. Atlantic Fleet (1994-1997) Retired, 1997.
8		Vice Admiral John Scott Redd^[38] (born 1944)	September 1994	1 July 1995	~303 days	Director for Strategy, Plans and Policy, Joint Staff (1996-1998) Retired, 1998.
Commander, U.S. Naval Forces Central Command (COMUSNAVCENT) and U.S. Fifth Fleet (C5F)
8		Vice Admiral John Scott Redd (born 1944)	1 July 1995	June 1996	~336 days	Director for Strategy, Plans and Policy, Joint Staff (1996-1998) Retired, 1998.
9		Vice Admiral Thomas B. Fargo^[39] (born 1948)	June 1996	27 July 1998	~2 years, 56 days	Promoted to admiral, 1999. Commander-in-Chief, U.S. Pacific Fleet (1999-2002) Commander-in-Chief, U.S. Pacific Command (2002) Commander, U.S. Pacific Command (2002-2005) Retired, 2005.
10		Vice Admiral Charles W. Moore Jr.^[40] (born 1946)	27 July 1998	3 February 2002	3 years, 191 days	Deputy Chief of Naval Operations for Fleet Readiness and Logistics (2002-2004) Retired, 2004.
Commander, U.S. Naval Forces Central Command (COMUSNAVCENT), U.S. Fifth Fleet (C5F) and Combined Maritime Forces (CMF)
10		Vice Admiral Charles W. Moore Jr. (born 1946)	3 February 2002	11 February 2002	8 days	Deputy Chief of Naval Operations for Fleet Readiness and Logistics (2002-2004) Retired, 2004.
11		Vice Admiral Timothy J. Keating (born 1948)	11 February 2002	7 October 2003	1 year, 238 days	Director of the Joint Staff (2003-2004) Promoted to admiral, 2004. Commander, U.S. Northern Command and North American Aerospace Defense Command (2004-2007) Commander, U.S. Pacific Command (2007-2009) Retired, 2009.
12		Vice Admiral David C. Nichols^[41] (born 1950)	7 October 2003	3 November 2005	2 years, 27 days	Deputy Commander, U.S. Central Command (2005-2007) Retired, 2007.
13		Vice Admiral Patrick M. Walsh^[41] (born 1955)	3 November 2005	27 February 2007	1 year, 116 days	Promoted to admiral, 2007. Vice Chief of Naval Operations (2007-2009) Commander, U.S. Pacific Fleet (2009-2012) Retired, 2012.
14		Vice Admiral Kevin J. Cosgriff^[42]	27 February 2007	5 July 2008	1 year, 129 days	Retired, 2008.
15		Vice Admiral William E. Gortney^[43] (born 1955)	5 July 2008	5 July 2010	2 years, 0 days	Director of the Joint Staff (2010-2012) Promoted to admiral, 2012. Commander, U.S. Fleet Forces Command (2012-2014) Commander, U.S. Northern Command and North American Aerospace Defense Command (2014-2016) Retired, 2016.
16		Vice Admiral Mark I. Fox^[44] (born 1956)	5 July 2010	24 May 2012	1 year, 324 days	Deputy Chief of Naval Operations for Operations, Plans, and Strategy (2012-2013) Deputy Commander, U.S. Central Command (2013-2016) Retired, 2016.
17		Vice Admiral John W. Miller^[45]	24 May 2012	3 September 2015	3 years, 102 days	Retired, 2015.
18		Vice Admiral Kevin M. Donegan^[46] (born 1958)	3 September 2015	19 September 2017	2 years, 16 days	Director of Navy Staff and Deputy Chief of Naval Operations for Operations, Plans and Strategy (2017-2018) Retired, 2018.
19		Vice Admiral John C. Aquilino^[47] (born 1962)	19 September 2017	6 May 2018	229 days	Promoted to admiral, 2018. Commander, U.S. Pacific Fleet (2018-2021) Commander, U.S. Indo-Pacific Command (2021-present)
20		Vice Admiral Scott Stearney^[48] (1960–2018)	6 May 2018	1 December 2018	209 days	Found dead in Bahrain residence, cause of death ruled a suicide.
-		Rear Admiral (lower half) Paul J. Schlise Acting	1 December 2018	7 December 2018	6 days	Was deputy commander of NAVCENT/C5F from 2017 to 2019. Director, Surface Warfare Division, N96, Office of the Chief of Naval Operations (2020-present)
21		Vice Admiral James J. Malloy^[49] (born 1963)	7 December 2018	19 August 2020	1 year, 256 days	Deputy Commander, U.S. Central Command (2020-present)
22		Vice Admiral Samuel Paparo^[50] (born 1964)	19 August 2020	5 May 2021	259 days	Promoted to admiral, 2021. Commander, U.S. Pacific Fleet (2021-present)
23		Vice Admiral Charles Cooper II^[51] (born 1967)	5 May 2021	1 February 2024	2 years, 272 days	-
24		Vice Admiral George M. Wikoff (born 1968)	1 February 2024	Incumbent	116 days	-

References

^ These two paragraphs are based on David F. Winkler, 'Admirals, Amirs, and Desert Sailors,' Naval Institute Press, Annapolis, Maryland, 2007, p.21-25
^ ^a ^b Winkler 2007, p. 21-25.
^ ^a ^b Pokrant 1999, p. 8.
^ Winkler, p.86
^ Frey, Courtney & Evans, Mark L. (28 July 2015). "Klakring (FFG 42), 1982-2013". Naval History and Heritage Command. Archived from the original on 10 January 2016. Retrieved 5 January 2016.
^ Pokrant 1999, pp. 8–10.
^ Pokrant 1999, pp. 11–12.
^ Pokrant 1999, p. 20.
^ Pokrant 1999, p. 21.
^ Edward J. Marolda, Robert John Schneller. Shield and Sword: The United States Navy and the Persian Gulf War. p. 84.
^ Pokrant 1999.
^ Conduct of the Persian Gulf War, Final Report to Congress, pg 553 start
^ Pokrant, 192.
^ Winkler, 127-8.
^ Barbara Starr, 'US Fifth Fleet reborn for active duty in the Persian Gulf, Jane's Defence Weekly, 27 May 1995, p.11
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^ "Combined Maritime Forces". Archived from the original on 10 January 2024. Retrieved 22 January 2024.
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Winkler, David F. (2007). Admirals, Amirs, and Desert Sailors. Naval Institute Press, Annapolis, Maryland

Notes

^ The UAE is a member of the task force, but is not participating since March 2023.^[31]^[32]