Ash Hollow State Historical Park: Difference between revisions

Significant dates

Ash Hollow Cave
U.S. National Register of Historic Places
U.S. National Historic Landmark


Location of Ash Hollow State Historical Park in Nebraska
Location	Garden County, Nebraska, USA, near Lewellen, Nebraska
Area	8.9 acres (3.6 ha)
NRHP reference No.	66000445^[1]
Added to NRHP	October 15, 1966^[1]
Designated NHL	July 19, 1964^[2]

Ash Hollow State Historical Park is located near Lewellen, Nebraska in Garden County. The park comprises two attractions located 2.5 miles (4.0 km) from each other: Ash Hollow Cave and Windlass Hill.

Ash Hollow Cave

A spring in the vicinity of Ash Hollow Cave made it an attractive site for human habitation. Archaeological explorations of the cave have revealed that at least four distinct indigenous cultures occupied this area, during a period of more than 1,500 years. These include the Apache from A.D. 1675-1725; the Central Plains Tradition from A.D. 900-1450; the Woodland Tradition from A.D. 0-1100; and the Late Archaic Tradition from 1000 B.C.-A.D. 500. The cave was used as a base camp for hunting and food collecting.

From the early 18th century, this became an area predominately of Lakota Sioux occupation. The September 1855 Battle of Ash Hollow took place near here. The United States Army, with 600 troops, made a punitive attack on a Brule Sioux encampment, killing a total of 86 people, including women and children, and taking another 70 women and children as captives.

In 1962 the site was protected as part of an 8.9 acre Nebraska state park. Ash Hollow Cave was named as a National Historic Landmark in 1966, and the surrounding area was named the Ash Hollow Historic District in 1975; it is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. In 1978, a visitor center was built overlooking the canyon.

Windlass Hill

Windlass Hill is located along the Oregon-California Trail. The hill marked the entrance from the high table lands to the south into the Ash Hollow area and the North Platte River valley. Wagon ruts are visible on the hill. The name "Windlass Hill" was not used by the emigrants, and the source of the name is unknown. Emigrants had a hard time going down the hill at a 25-degree angle, going down for about 300 feet.

References

^ ^a ^b "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. July 9, 2010.
^ "Ash Hollow Cave". National Historic Landmark summary listing. National Park Service. Retrieved June 27, 2008.

External links

Bibliography

Champe, J.L. Ash Hollow Cave, A Study of Stratigraphic Sequence in the Central Great Plains.

v t e Native Americans in Nebraska
Historic and present tribes	Arapaho Arikara Comanche Iowa Tribe of Kansas and Nebraska Kiowa Meskwaki Missouria Northern Cheyenne Omaha Otoe Pawnee Ponca Tribe of Nebraska Sac Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska Sac and Fox Nation of Missouri in Kansas and Nebraska Sioux Skidi Pawnee
Present languages	Hocak Omaha-Ponca language Fox language Sioux language Sac language
Present reservations	Ioway Omaha Ponca Sac and Fox Santee Sioux Winnebago
Present tribal colleges and universities	Little Priest Tribal College Nebraska Indian Community College
Historic figures	Antonine Barada Big Elk Chief Blackbird Joba Chamberlain Larry EchoHawk Logan Fontenelle Francis La Flesche Joseph La Flesche Old Lady Grieves The Enemy Petalesharo Susan La Flesche Picotte Red Cloud Standing Bear Susette LaFlesche Tibbles Jim Thorpe James Young Deer Moses J. "Chief" Yellow Horse
Historic events	Battle of Ash Hollow Massacre Canyon Battle of Mud Springs Battle of Rush Creek Battle of Warbonnet Creek Grattan massacre Cheyenne War Indian Congress
Historic reservations	Nemaha Half-Breed Reservation Pine Ridge Indian Reservation Oto Pawnee Niobrara
Historic communities	Ton'wontongathon Pike-Pawnee Village Site Skidi Pawnee Village Horse Creek Pawnee Village Cottonwood Creek Schrader Archeological Site Fullerton Archeological Site Oto Indian Village Site Leshara Site McClean Site Woodcliff Site Theodore Davis Site Kelso Site Wright Site
Historic sacred places	Pahur Ahkawitakol Lalawakohtito Pahuk Cunningham Archeological Site
Other historic places	Blackbird Hill Genoa Indian Industrial School Dr. Susan LaFlesche Picotte Memorial Hospital Indian agencies Susan LaFlesche Picotte House Nanza Moses Merrill Mission Pawnee Mission and Burnt Village Archeological Site Carlisle Indian Industrial School Ionia Volcano
Precontact peoples	Central Plains Woodland Dismal River
Precontact communities	Leary Site Ash Hollow Coufal Schultz site Signal Butte Site 25SM20 Champe-Fremont 1 Archeological Site Frank Parker Archeological Site Sweetwater Archeological Site Burkett Archeological Site Ashland Archeological Site Yutan Site Schrader Archeological Site Humphrey Archeological Site Table Rock Archeological Site
Other precontact places	Indian Cave Indian Hill Walker Gilmore site Site JF00-072 Hudson-Meng Bison Kill Woodcliff Burials Nehawka Flint Quarries Farwell Archeological District Blue Springs, aka Wonder Site Barneston Site Kurz Omaha Village Site Patterson Site Fontenelle Forest Historic District Wolfe and Grey (Schuyler) Sites Schulte Archeological Site Wiseman Archeological Site Durflinger Site
Other topics	Native American place names in Nebraska

v t e Pre-Columbian North America
Periods Lithic Archaic Formative Classic Post-Classic
Archaeological cultures	Adena Alachua Ancient Beringian Ancestral Pueblo (Anasazi) Avonlea Baytown Belle Glade Buttermilk Creek complex Caborn-Welborn Cades Pond Calf Creek Caloosahatchee Clovis Coles Creek Comondú Deptford Folsom Fort Ancient Fort Walton Fremont Glacial Kame Glades Hohokam Hopewell List of Hopewell sites La Jolla Las Palmas Maritime Archaic Mississippian List of Mississippian sites Mogollon Monongahela Old Cordilleran Oneota Paleo-Arctic Paleo-Indians Patayan Plano Plaquemine Poverty Point Red Ocher Safety Harbor Santa Rosa-Swift Creek St. Johns Steed-Kisker Suwannee Valley Tchefuncte Troyville Weeden Island
Archaeological sites	Angel Mounds Anzick site Bandelier National Monument Bastian Benson Blue Spring Shelter Bluefish Caves The Bluff Point Stoneworks Brewster Cahokia Candelaria Cave Casa Grande Chaco Canyon Coso Rock Art District Crystal River Cuarenta Casas Cueva de la Olla Cutler Eaker El Fin del Mundo El Vallecito Effigy Mounds Etowah Indian Mounds Eva Folsom Fort Ancient Fort Center Fort Juelson Four Mounds Gila Cliff Dwellings Glenwood Grimes Point Helen Blazes Holly Bluff Hopewell Culture National Historical Park Horr's Island Huápoca Key Marco Kimball Village Kincaid Mounds Kolomoki Mounds Lake Jackson Mounds Lehner Mammoth-Kill Site L'Anse aux Meadows Lynch Quarry Site Marksville Marmes Rockshelter Meadowcroft Rockshelter Mesa Verde Moaning Cavern Moorehead Circle Morrison Mounds Moundville Mummy Cave Nodena site Ocmulgee Mounds Old Stone Fort Orwell site Paquime Painted Bluff Parkin Park Pinson Mounds Plum Bayou Mounds Portsmouth Earthworks Poverty Point Pueblo Bonito Recapture Canyon River Styx Roberts Island Rock Eagle Rock Hawk Rosenstock Village Russell Cave Salmon Ruins Serpent Mound Sierra de San Francisco Shell ring sites Spiro Mounds Stallings Island SunWatch Taos Pueblo Town Creek Indian Mound Turkey River Mounds Upward Sun River Velda Mound West Oak Forest Earthlodge Wickiup Hill Windover Winterville Wupatki
Human remains	Anzick-1 Arlington Springs Man Buhl Woman Kennewick Man La Brea Woman Leanderthal Lady Melbourne Man Minnesota Woman Peñon woman Spirit Cave mummy Vero man
Miscellaneous	Aridoamerica Ballgame Black drink Ceremonial pipe Chanunpa Chunkey Clovis point Container Revolution Eastern Agricultural Complex Eden point Effigy mound Falcon dancer Folsom point Green Corn Ceremony Horned Serpent Kiva Medicine wheel Metallurgy Mi'kmaq hieroglyphic writing Mound Builders N.A.G.P.R.A. Norse colonization of North America Oasisamerica Piasa Projectile point Southeastern Ceremonial Complex Stickball Three Sisters agriculture Thunderbird Transoceanic contact Underwater panther Water glyphs
Related Genetic history Pre-Columbian era

v t e U.S. National Register of Historic Places
Topics	Architectural style categories Contributing property Historic district History of the National Register of Historic Places Keeper of the Register National Park Service Property types
Lists by state	List of U.S. National Historic Landmarks by state: Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming
Lists by insular areas	American Samoa Guam Minor Outlying Islands Northern Mariana Islands Puerto Rico Virgin Islands
Lists by associated state	Federated States of Micronesia Marshall Islands Palau
Other areas	District of Columbia American Legation, Morocco
Related	National Historic Preservation Act Historic Preservation Fund List of jails and prisons on the National Register of Historic Places University and college buildings listed on the National Register of Historic Places
National Register of Historic Places portal Category

Protected areas of Nebraska

Federal

National Monuments	Agate Fossil Beds Homestead Scotts Bluff
National Historic Trails	California Lewis and Clark Mormon Oregon Pony Express
National Wildlife Refuges	Boyer Chute Crescent Lake DeSoto Fort Niobrara John and Louise Seier Karl E. Mundt North Platte Rainwater Basin Valentine
National Forests	Nebraska Samuel R. McKelvie
National Grasslands	Oglala Hudson-Meng Bison Kill Toadstool Geologic Park
USFS National Recreation Areas	Pine Ridge
National Wilderness	Fort Niobrara Soldier Creek
Wild and Scenic Rivers	Missouri Niobrara

State

State Parks	Chadron Eugene T. Mahoney Fort Robinson Indian Cave Niobrara Platte River Ponca Smith Falls
State Historical Parks	Ash Hollow Ashfall Fossil Beds Arbor Lodge Bowring Ranch Buffalo Bill Ranch Fort Atkinson Fort Hartsuff Fort Kearny Rock Creek Station
State Recreation Areas	Alexandria Arnold Atkinson Lake Blue River Bluestem Bowman Lake Box Butte Reservoir Branched Oak Bridgeport Brownville Calamus Champion Lake Cheyenne Conestoga Cottonmill Lake Crystal Lake Dead Timber DLD Enders Reservoir Fort Kearny Fremont Lakes Gallagher Canyon Johnson Lake Keller Park Lake Maloney Lake McConaughy Lake Minatare Lake Ogallala Lewis and Clark Long Lake Long Pine Louisville Medicine Creek Memphis Merritt Reservoir Mormon Island North Loup Olive Creek Oliver Reservoir Pawnee Pelican Point Pibel Lake Pioneer Red Willow Reservoir Riverview Marina Rock Creek Lake Rock Creek Station Rockford Sandy Channel Schramm Park Sherman Reservoir Stagecoach Summit Lake Sutherland Reservoir Swanson Reservoir Two Rivers Union Pacific Verdon Victoria Springs Wagon Train Walgren Lake War Axe Wildcat Hills Willow Creek Windmill
State Recreation Trails	Cowboy Trail

Nebraska Game and Parks Commission

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 ==External links==
 * [http://www.nebraskahistory.org/publish/markers/texts/ash_hollow_geology.htm Ash Hollow Geology], [[Nebraska State Historical Society]]
-* [http://www.ngpc.state.ne.us/parks/guides/parksearch/showpark.asp?Area_No=8 Ash Hollow State Historical Park], [[Nebraska Game and Parks Commission]]
+* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071102045858/http://www.ngpc.state.ne.us:80/parks/guides/parksearch/showpark.asp?Area_No=8 Ash Hollow State Historical Park], [[Nebraska Game and Parks Commission]]
 ==Bibliography==