Human coronavirus 229E: Difference between revisions
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[[Chloroquine]], a [[zinc]] [[ionophore]], inhibits the replication of Human coronavirus 229E in [[cell culture]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=de Wilde |first1=Adriaan H. |last2=Jochmans |first2=Dirk |last3=Posthuma |first3=Clara C. |last4=Zevenhoven-Dobbe |first4=Jessika C. |last5=van Nieuwkoop |first5=Stefan |last6=Bestebroer |first6=Theo M. |last7=van den Hoogen |first7=Bernadette G. |last8=Neyts |first8=Johan |last9=Snijder |first9=Eric J. |title=Screening of an FDA-Approved Compound Library Identifies Four Small-Molecule Inhibitors of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Replication in Cell Culture |journal=Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy |date=August 2014 |volume=58 |issue=8 |pages=4875–4884 |doi=10.1128/AAC.03011-14|pmid=24841269 |pmc=4136071 |doi-access=free }}</ref> |
[[Chloroquine]], a [[zinc]] [[ionophore]], inhibits the replication of Human coronavirus 229E in [[cell culture]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=de Wilde |first1=Adriaan H. |last2=Jochmans |first2=Dirk |last3=Posthuma |first3=Clara C. |last4=Zevenhoven-Dobbe |first4=Jessika C. |last5=van Nieuwkoop |first5=Stefan |last6=Bestebroer |first6=Theo M. |last7=van den Hoogen |first7=Bernadette G. |last8=Neyts |first8=Johan |last9=Snijder |first9=Eric J. |title=Screening of an FDA-Approved Compound Library Identifies Four Small-Molecule Inhibitors of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Replication in Cell Culture |journal=Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy |date=August 2014 |volume=58 |issue=8 |pages=4875–4884 |doi=10.1128/AAC.03011-14|pmid=24841269 |pmc=4136071 |doi-access=free }}</ref> |
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Human HCoV-229E, and human HCoV-NL63, likely originated from bats.<ref name = Tao2017>Tao Y |
Human HCoV-229E, and human HCoV-NL63, likely originated from bats.<ref name = Tao2017>{{cite journal | pmid = 28077633 | year = 2017 | last1 = Tao | first1 = Y. | last2 = Shi | first2 = M. | last3 = Chommanard | first3 = C. | last4 = Queen | first4 = K. | last5 = Zhang | first5 = J. | last6 = Markotter | first6 = W. | last7 = Kuzmin | first7 = I. V. | last8 = Holmes | first8 = E. C. | last9 = Tong | first9 = S. | title = Surveillance of Bat Coronaviruses in Kenya Identifies Relatives of Human Coronaviruses NL63 and 229E and Their Recombination History | journal = Journal of Virology | volume = 91 | issue = 5 | doi = 10.1128/JVI.01953-16 | pmc = 5309958 }}</ref> |
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== History == |
== History == |
Revision as of 20:23, 12 January 2023
Human coronavirus 229E | |
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Transmission electron micrograph of human coronavirus 229E | |
Virus classification | |
(unranked): | Virus |
Realm: | Riboviria |
Kingdom: | Orthornavirae |
Phylum: | Pisuviricota |
Class: | Pisoniviricetes |
Order: | Nidovirales |
Family: | Coronaviridae |
Genus: | Alphacoronavirus |
Subgenus: | Duvinacovirus |
Species: | Human coronavirus 229E
|
Human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E) is a species of coronavirus which infects humans and bats.[1] It is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus which enters its host cell by binding to the APN receptor.[2] Along with Human coronavirus OC43 (a member of the Betacoronavirus genus), it is one of the viruses responsible for the common cold.[3][4] HCoV-229E is a member of the genus Alphacoronavirus and subgenus Duvinacovirus.[5][6]
Transmission
HCoV-229E transmits via droplet-respiration and fomites.
Signs and symptoms
HCoV-229E is associated with a range of respiratory symptoms, ranging from the common cold to high-morbidity outcomes such as pneumonia and bronchiolitis. However, such high morbidity outcomes are almost always seen in cases with co-infection with other respiratory pathogens; there is a single published case report to date of a 229E infection that caused acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in an otherwise healthy patient having no detectable co-infection with another pathogen.[7] HCoV-229E is also among the coronaviruses most frequently codetected with other respiratory viruses, particularly with human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV).[8][9][10]
Epidemiology
HCoV-229E is one of the seven human coronaviruses which include HCoV-NL63, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-HKU1, MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-1, and SARS-CoV-2 and are globally distributed.[11][12] However, the viruses were detected in different parts of the world at different times of the year.[13][14][15] A NCBI-study found a previous HCoV-229E infection in 42.9% – 50.0% of children of 6–12 months of age and in 65% of those 2.5–3.5 years of age.[16]
Virology
HCoV-229E is one of seven known coronaviruses to infect humans. The other six are:[17]
- Human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63)
- Human coronavirus OC43 (HCoV-OC43)
- Human coronavirus HKU1 (HCoV-HKU1)
- Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (MERS-CoV)
- Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-1)
- Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)
Research
This section is missing information about alpaca virus relative, also derived from bat.(October 2021) |
Chloroquine, a zinc ionophore, inhibits the replication of Human coronavirus 229E in cell culture.[18]
Human HCoV-229E, and human HCoV-NL63, likely originated from bats.[19]
History
A researcher at the University of Chicago, Dorothy Hamre, first identified 229E in 1965.[20][21]
See also
References
- ^ Lim, Yvonne Xinyi; Ng, Yan Ling; Tam, James P.; Liu, Ding Xiang (2016-07-25). "Human Coronaviruses: A Review of Virus–Host Interactions". Diseases. 4 (3): 26. doi:10.3390/diseases4030026. ISSN 2079-9721. PMC 5456285. PMID 28933406.
See Table 1.
- ^ Fehr AR, Perlman S (2015). "Coronaviruses: an overview of their replication and pathogenesis". In Maier HJ, Bickerton E, Britton P (eds.). Coronaviruses. Methods in Molecular Biology. Vol. 1282. Springer. pp. 1–23. doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-2438-7_1. ISBN 978-1-4939-2438-7. PMC 4369385. PMID 25720466.
See Table 1.
- ^ Susanna K. P. Lau, Paul Lee, Alan K. L. Tsang, Cyril C. Y. Yip,1 Herman Tse, Rodney A. Lee, Lok-Yee So, Yu-Lung Lau, Kwok-Hung Chan, Patrick C. Y. Woo, and Kwok-Yung Yuen. Molecular Epidemiology of Human Coronavirus OC43 Reveals Evolution of Different Genotypes over Time and Recent Emergence of a Novel Genotype due to Natural Recombination. J Virology. 2011 November; 85(21): 11325–11337.
- ^ E. R. Gaunt,1 A. Hardie,2 E. C. J. Claas,3 P. Simmonds,1 and K. E. Templeton. Epidemiology and Clinical Presentations of the Four Human Coronaviruses 229E, HKU1, NL63, and OC43 Detected over 3 Years Using a Novel Multiplex Real-Time PCR Method down-pointing small open triangle. J Clin Microbiol. 2010 August; 48(8): 2940–2947.
- ^ "Virus Taxonomy: 2018 Release". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). October 2018. Retrieved 13 January 2019.
- ^ Woo, Patrick C. Y.; Huang, Yi; Lau, Susanna K. P.; Yuen, Kwok-Yung (2010-08-24). "Coronavirus Genomics and Bioinformatics Analysis". Viruses. 2 (8): 1804–1820. doi:10.3390/v2081803. ISSN 1999-4915. PMC 3185738. PMID 21994708.
Figure 2. Phylogenetic analysis of RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (Pol) of coronaviruses with complete genome sequences available. The tree was constructed by the neighbor-joining method and rooted using Breda virus polyprotein.
- ^ A Rare Case of Human Coronavirus 229E Associated with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in a Healthy Adult. Vassilara F, Spyridaki A, Pothitos G, Deliveliotou A, Papadopoulos A. Case Rep Infect Dis. 2018 Apr 15;2018:6796839. doi: 10.1155/2018/6796839. eCollection 2018. PMID 29850307 Free PMC Article
- ^ Pene, F., A. Merlat, A. Vabret, F. Rozenberg, A. Buzyn, F. Dreyfus, A. Cariou, F. Freymuth, and P. Lebon. 2003. Coronavirus 229E related pneumonia in immunocompromised patients. Clin. Infect. Dis. 37:929–932. [PubMed]
- ^ Vabret, A., T. Mourez, S. Gouarin, J. Petitjean, and F. Freymuth. 2003. An outbreak of coronavirus OC43 respiratory infection in Normandy, France. Clin. Infect. Dis. 36:985–989. [PubMed]
- ^ Woo, P. C. Y., S. K. P. Lau, H. Tsoi, Y. Huang, R. W. S. Poon, C. M. Chu, R. A. Lee, W. K. Luk, G. K. M. Wong, B. H. L. Wong, V. C. C. Cheng, B. S. F. Tang, A. K. L. Wu, R. W. H. Yung, H. Chen, Y. Guan, K. H. Chan, and K. Y. Yuen. 2005. Clinical and molecular epidemiological features of coronavirus HKU1 associated community acquired pneumonia. J. Infect. Dis. 192:1898–1907. [PubMed]
- ^ Fields, B. N., D. M. Knipe, and P. M. Howley (ed.). 1996. Fields virology, 3rd ed. Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia, PA.
- ^ Hoek, L. van der, P. Krzysztof, and B. Berkhout. 2006. Human coronavirus NL63, a new respiratory virus. FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 30:760–773. [PubMed]
- ^ Esper, F., C. Weibel, D. Ferguson, M. L. Landry, and J. S. Kahn. 2006. Coronavirus HKU1 infection in the United States. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 12:775–779. [PMC free article] [PubMed]
- ^ Gerna, G., E. Percivalle, A. Sarasini, G. Campanini, A. Piralla, F. Rovida, E. Genini, A. Marchi, and F. Baldanti. 2007. Human respiratory coronavirus HKU1 versus other coronavirus infections in Italian hospitalised patients. J. Clin. Virol. 38:244–250. [PubMed]
- ^ Kaye, H. S., H. B. Marsh, and W. R. Dowdle. 1971. Seroepidemiologic survey of coronavirus (strain OC 43) related infections in a children's population. Am. J. Epidemiol. 94:43–49. [PubMed]
- ^ Effects of Coronavirus Infections in Children
- ^ de Wilde, Adriaan H.; Jochmans, Dirk; Posthuma, Clara C.; Zevenhoven-Dobbe, Jessika C.; van Nieuwkoop, Stefan; Bestebroer, Theo M.; van den Hoogen, Bernadette G.; Neyts, Johan; Snijder, Eric J. (August 2014). "Screening of an FDA-Approved Compound Library Identifies Four Small-Molecule Inhibitors of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Replication in Cell Culture". Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 58 (8): 4875–4884. doi:10.1128/AAC.03011-14. PMC 4136071. PMID 24841269.
- ^ Tao, Y.; Shi, M.; Chommanard, C.; Queen, K.; Zhang, J.; Markotter, W.; Kuzmin, I. V.; Holmes, E. C.; Tong, S. (2017). "Surveillance of Bat Coronaviruses in Kenya Identifies Relatives of Human Coronaviruses NL63 and 229E and Their Recombination History". Journal of Virology. 91 (5). doi:10.1128/JVI.01953-16. PMC 5309958. PMID 28077633.
- ^ Knapp, Alex. "The Secret History Of The First Coronavirus". Forbes. Retrieved 2020-05-06.
- ^ Hamre, D.; Procknow, J. J. (1966-01-01). "A New Virus Isolated from the Human Respiratory Tract". Experimental Biology and Medicine. 121 (1): 190–193. doi:10.3181/00379727-121-30734. ISSN 1535-3702. PMID 4285768. S2CID 1314901.