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[[File:Checklist of North American birds.pdf|page=7|right|thumb|The first edition of the ''Check-list of North American Birds'' of the American Ornithological Society, published in 1886]]
[[File:Checklist of North American birds.pdf|page=7|right|thumb|The first edition of the ''Check-list of North American Birds'' of the American Ornithological Society, published in 1886]]


The lists of birds in the light blue box below are divided by biological [[family (biology)|family]]. The lists are based on ''The AOS Check-list of North American Birds'' of the [[American Ornithological Society]]<ref name="AOS" /> and ''[[The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World]]''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/checklist.jsp?region=NAM|title=Bird Checklists of the World - North America|last=Lepage|first=Denis |publisher=Avibase|access-date=November 1, 2022}}</ref> supplemented with checklists from Panama, Greenland, and Bermuda . It includes the birds of [[Greenland]], [[Canada]], the [[United States]] (excluding [[Hawaii]]), [[Mexico]], [[Central America]], [[Bermuda]], and the [[West Indies]].
The lists of birds in the light blue box below are divided by biological [[family (biology)|family]]. The lists are based on ''The AOS Check-list of North American Birds'' of the [[American Ornithological Society]]<ref name="AOS" /> and ''[[The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World]]''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/checklist.jsp?region=NAM|title=Bird Checklists of the World - North America|last=Lepage|first=Denis |publisher=Avibase|access-date=November 1, 2022}}</ref> supplemented with checklists from Panama, Greenland, and Bermuda. It includes the birds of [[Greenland]], [[Canada]], the [[United States]] (excluding [[Hawaii]]), [[Mexico]], [[Central America]], [[Bermuda]], and the [[West Indies]].


{{ToC}}
{{ToC}}
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The taxonomic treatment<ref name="Clements" /> (designation and sequence of orders, families and species) and nomenclature (common and scientific names) used in the accompanying bird lists adheres to the conventions of the AOS's (2019) ''Check-list of North American Birds'', the recognized scientific authority on the taxonomy and nomenclature of North America birds. The AOS's Committee on Classification and Nomenclature, the body responsible for maintaining and updating the ''Check-list'', "strongly and unanimously continues to endorse the biological species concept (BSC), in which species are considered to be genetically cohesive groups of populations that are reproductively isolated from other such groups" (AOS 2019). The [[Sibley-Ahlquist taxonomy]] is an alternative phylogenetic arrangement based on DNA-DNA hybridization.
The taxonomic treatment<ref name="Clements" /> (designation and sequence of orders, families and species) and nomenclature (common and scientific names) used in the accompanying bird lists adheres to the conventions of the AOS's (2019) ''Check-list of North American Birds'', the recognized scientific authority on the taxonomy and nomenclature of North America birds. The AOS's Committee on Classification and Nomenclature, the body responsible for maintaining and updating the ''Check-list'', "strongly and unanimously continues to endorse the biological species concept (BSC), in which species are considered to be genetically cohesive groups of populations that are reproductively isolated from other such groups" (AOS 2019). The [[Sibley-Ahlquist taxonomy]] is an alternative phylogenetic arrangement based on DNA-DNA hybridization.


Unless otherwise noted, all species listed below are considered to occur regularly in North America as permanent residents, summer or winter residents or visitors, or migrants. The following codes are used to denote certain categories of species:
Unless otherwise noted, all species listed below are considered to occur regularly in North America as permanent residents, summer or winter residents or visitors, or migrants. The following codes are used to denote certain categories of species:


*(A) = '''[[Vagrancy (biology)|Accident]]al''' occurrence based on one or two (rarely more) records, and unlikely to occur regularly.
*(A) = [[Vagrancy (biology)|Accidental]] occurrence based on one or two (rarely more) records, and unlikely to occur regularly.
*(E) = '''[[extinction|Extinct]]'''; a recent member of the avifauna that no longer exists.
*(E) = [[Extinction|Extinct]]; a recent member of the avifauna that no longer exists.
*(Ex) = '''[[Extirpated]]'''; no longer occurs in area of interest, but other populations still exist elsewhere.
*(Ex) = [[Extirpated]]; no longer occurs in area of interest, but other populations still exist elsewhere.
*(I) = '''[[Introduced species|Introduced]]''' population established solely as result of direct or indirect human intervention; synonymous with non-native and non-indigenous.
*(I) = [[Introduced species|Introduced]] population established solely as result of direct or indirect human intervention; synonymous with non-native and non-indigenous.


<!--<div style="float:right; border:1px solid #ccc; font-size:90%; text-align:center; padding:2px;">
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:(including taxa not necessarily found in the USA, the data is current as of March 28, 2014
:(including taxa not necessarily found in the USA, the data is current as of March 28, 2014


<br/>{{Horizontal TOC|nonum=yes}}
<br />{{Horizontal TOC|nonum=yes}}


==Tinamous==
==Tinamous==
'''Order''': [[Tinamiformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Tinamidae]]
Order: [[Tinamiformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Tinamidae]]


The tinamous are one of the most ancient groups of bird. Although they look similar to other ground-dwelling birds like quail and grouse, they have no close relatives and are classified as a single family, Tinamidae, within their own order, the Tinamiformes. They are related to the [[ratites]] (order [[Struthioniformes]]), which includes the [[Rhea (bird)|rhea]]s, [[emu]]s, and [[Kiwi (bird)|kiwi]]s.
The tinamous are one of the most ancient groups of bird. Although they look similar to other ground-dwelling birds like quail and grouse, they have no close relatives and are classified as a single family, Tinamidae, within their own order, the Tinamiformes. They are related to the [[ratites]] (order [[Struthioniformes]]), which includes the [[Rhea (bird)|rhea]]s, [[emu]]s, and [[Kiwi (bird)|kiwi]]s.
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==Screamers==
==Screamers==
'''Order''': [[Anseriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Anhimidae]]
Order: [[Anseriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Anhimidae]]


The screamers are a small family of birds related to the ducks. They are large, bulky birds, with a small downy head, long legs, and large feet which are only partially webbed. They have large spurs on their wings which are used in fights over mates and in territorial disputes.
The screamers are a small family of birds related to the ducks. They are large, bulky birds, with a small downy head, long legs, and large feet which are only partially webbed. They have large spurs on their wings which are used in fights over mates and in territorial disputes.


*[[Horned screamer]], ''Anhima cornuta'' (E?) {{IUCN status|LC}}<ref>{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2016 |title=''Anhima cornuta'' |volume=2016 |page=e.T22679723A92826187 |access-date=14 October 2023}}</ref>
{{colbegin}}
*[[Northern screamer]], ''Chauna chavaria'' (A) {{IUCN status|NT|92826187}}
*[[Northern screamer]], ''Chauna chavaria'' (A) {{IUCN status|NT|92826187}}
{{colend}}


==Ducks, geese, and waterfowl==
==Ducks, geese, and waterfowl==
[[File:Branta canadensis DSC03376.JPG|thumb|Canada goose]]
[[File:Branta canadensis DSC03376.JPG|thumb|Canada goose]]
'''Order''': [[Anseriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Anatidae]]
Order: [[Anseriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Anatidae]]


The family Anatidae includes the ducks and most duck-like waterfowl, such as geese and swans. These birds are adapted to an aquatic existence with webbed feet, flattened bills, and feathers that are excellent at shedding water due to special oils.
The family Anatidae includes the ducks and most duck-like waterfowl, such as geese and swans. These birds are adapted to an aquatic existence with webbed feet, flattened bills, and feathers that are excellent at shedding water due to special oils.
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*[[Common shelduck]], ''Tadorna tadorna'' (A) {{IUCN status|LC|22680024A154560262}}
*[[Common shelduck]], ''Tadorna tadorna'' (A) {{IUCN status|LC|22680024A154560262}}
*[[Eastern spot-billed duck]], ''Anas zonorhyncha'' (A) {{IUCN status|LC|22736541}}
*[[Eastern spot-billed duck]], ''Anas zonorhyncha'' (A) {{IUCN status|LC|22736541}}
*[[Egyptian goose]], ''Alopochen aegyptiaca '' (I) {{IUCN status|LC|22679993A131910647}}
*[[Egyptian goose]], ''Alopochen aegyptiaca'' (I) {{IUCN status|LC|22679993A131910647}}
*[[Emperor goose]], ''Anser canagicus'' {{IUCN status|NT|22679919}}
*[[Emperor goose]], ''Anser canagicus'' {{IUCN status|NT|22679919}}
*[[Eurasian wigeon]], ''Mareca penelope'' (C) {{IUCN status|LC|22680157}}
*[[Eurasian wigeon]], ''Mareca penelope'' (C) {{IUCN status|LC|22680157}}
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*[[Fulvous whistling-duck]], ''Dendrocygna bicolor'' {{IUCN status|LC|22679746}}
*[[Fulvous whistling-duck]], ''Dendrocygna bicolor'' {{IUCN status|LC|22679746}}
*[[Gadwall]], ''Mareca strepera'' {{IUCN status|LC|22680149}}
*[[Gadwall]], ''Mareca strepera'' {{IUCN status|LC|22680149}}
*[[Garganey]], ''Spatula querquedula'' (A) {{IUCN status|LC|22680313}
*[[Garganey]], ''Spatula querquedula'' (A) {{IUCN status|LC|22680313}}
*[[Graylag goose]], ''Anser anser'' (A) {{IUCN status|LC|22679889}}
*[[Graylag goose]], ''Anser anser'' (A) {{IUCN status|LC|22679889}}
*[[Greater scaup]], ''Aythya marila'' {{IUCN status|LC|22680398}}
*[[Greater scaup]], ''Aythya marila'' {{IUCN status|LC|22680398}}
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*[[Smew]], ''Mergellus albellus'' (A) {{IUCN status|LC|22680465}}
*[[Smew]], ''Mergellus albellus'' (A) {{IUCN status|LC|22680465}}
*[[Snow goose]], ''Anser caerulescens'' {{IUCN status|LC|22679896}}
*[[Snow goose]], ''Anser caerulescens'' {{IUCN status|LC|22679896}}
*[[Southern pochard]], ''Netta erythrophthalma'' (A) {{IUCN status|LC}}<ref>{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2016 |title=''Netta erythrophthalma'' |volume=2016 |page=e.T22680354A92857172 |access-date=15 October 2023}}</ref>
*[[Spectacled eider]], ''Somateria fischeri'' {{IUCN status|NT|22680412}} {{ESA status|T}}
*[[Spectacled eider]], ''Somateria fischeri'' {{IUCN status|NT|22680412}} {{ESA status|T}}
*[[Stejneger's scoter]], ''Melanitta stejnegeri'' {{IUCN status|LC|22724845A132655325}}
*[[Stejneger's scoter]], ''Melanitta stejnegeri'' {{IUCN status|LC|22724845A132655325}}
*[[Steller's eider]], ''Polysticta stelleri'' {{IUCN status|VU|22680415}} {{ESA status|T}}
*[[Steller's eider]], ''Polysticta stelleri'' {{IUCN status|VU|22680415}} {{ESA status|T}}
*[[Surf scoter]], ''Melanitta perspicillata'' {{IUCN status|LC|22680441}}
*[[Surf scoter]], ''Melanitta perspicillata'' {{IUCN status|LC|22680441}}
*[[Taiga bean-goose]], ''Anser fabalis'' (A) {{IUCN status|LC|22679875}}
*[[Taiga bean-goose]], ''Anser fabalis'' (A) {{IUCN status|LC|22679875}}
*[[Trumpeter swan]], ''Cygnus buccinator'' {{IUCN status|LC|22679859}}
*[[Trumpeter swan]], ''Cygnus buccinator'' {{IUCN status|LC|22679859}}
*[[Tufted duck]], ''Aythya fuligula'' {{IUCN status|LC|22680391}}
*[[Tufted duck]], ''Aythya fuligula'' {{IUCN status|LC|22680391}}
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*[[West Indian whistling-duck]], ''Dendrocygna arborea'' {{IUCN status|NT|22679770}}
*[[West Indian whistling-duck]], ''Dendrocygna arborea'' {{IUCN status|NT|22679770}}
*[[White-cheeked pintail]], ''Anas bahamensis'' {{IUCN status|LC|22680287}}
*[[White-cheeked pintail]], ''Anas bahamensis'' {{IUCN status|LC|22680287}}
*[[White-faced whistling-duck]], ''Dendrocygna viduata'' {{IUCN status|LC|226797
*[[White-faced whistling-duck]], ''Dendrocygna viduata'' {{IUCN status|LC|226797}}
*[[White-winged scoter]], ''Melanitta deglandi'' {{IUCN status|LC|22734194}}
*[[White-winged scoter]], ''Melanitta deglandi'' {{IUCN status|LC|22734194}}
*[[Whooper swan]], ''Cygnus cygnus'' (A) {{IUCN status|LC|22679856}}
*[[Whooper swan]], ''Cygnus cygnus'' (A) {{IUCN status|LC|22679856}}
*[[Wood duck]], ''Aix sponsa'' {{IUCN status|LC|22680104}}
*[[Wood duck]], ''Aix sponsa'' {{IUCN status|LC|22680104}}
{{colend}}
{{colend}}



==Guans, chachalacas, and curassows==
==Guans, chachalacas, and curassows==
[[File:Black Guan.jpg|thumb|right|[[Black guan]], ''Chamaepetes unicolor'']]
[[File:Black Guan.jpg|thumb|right|[[Black guan]], ''Chamaepetes unicolor'']]
'''Order''': [[Galliformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Cracidae]]
Order: [[Galliformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Cracidae]]


The chachalacas, guans and curassows are birds in the family Cracidae. These are large birds, similar in general appearance to turkeys. The guans and curassows live in trees, but the smaller chachalacas are found in more open scrubby habitats. They are generally dull-plumaged, but the curassows and some guans have colorful facial ornaments.
The chachalacas, guans and curassows are birds in the family Cracidae. These are large birds, similar in general appearance to turkeys. The guans and curassows live in trees, but the smaller chachalacas are found in more open scrubby habitats. They are generally dull-plumaged, but the curassows and some guans have colorful facial ornaments.
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*[[Rufous-bellied chachalaca]], ''Ortalis wagleri'' {{IUCN status|LC|22678322}}
*[[Rufous-bellied chachalaca]], ''Ortalis wagleri'' {{IUCN status|LC|22678322}}
*[[Rufous-vented chachalaca]], ''Ortalis ruficauda'' {{IUCN status|LC|22678315}}
*[[Rufous-vented chachalaca]], ''Ortalis ruficauda'' {{IUCN status|LC|22678315}}
*[[Trinidad piping guan]], ''Pipile pipile'' {{IUCN status|CR}}<ref>{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2020 |title=''Pipile pipile'' |volume=2020 |page=e.T22678401A177972653 |access-date=15 October 2023}}</ref>
*[[West Mexican chachalaca]], ''Ortalis poliocephala'' {{IUCN status|LC|22678325}}
*[[West Mexican chachalaca]], ''Ortalis poliocephala'' {{IUCN status|LC|22678325}}
*[[White-bellied chachalaca]], ''Ortalis leucogastra'' {{IUCN status|LC|22678331}}
*[[White-bellied chachalaca]], ''Ortalis leucogastra'' {{IUCN status|LC|22678331}}
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==Guineafowl==
==Guineafowl==
[[File:Helmeted Guineafowl in the Drakensberg of Natal.jpg|thumb|right|[[Helmeted guineafowl]] (''Numida meleagris'')]]
[[File:Helmeted Guineafowl in the Drakensberg of Natal.jpg|thumb|right|[[Helmeted guineafowl]] (''Numida meleagris'')]]
'''Order''': [[Galliformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Numididae]]
Order: [[Galliformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Numididae]]


Guineafowl are a group of African, seed-eating, ground-nesting birds that resemble partridges, but with featherless heads and spangled grey plumage.
Guineafowl are a group of African, seed-eating, ground-nesting birds that resemble partridges, but with featherless heads and spangled grey plumage.
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==New World quail==
==New World quail==
[[Image:Callipepla californica1.jpg|thumb|right|California quail]]
[[Image:Callipepla californica1.jpg|thumb|right|California quail]]
'''Order''': [[Galliformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Odontophoridae]]
Order: [[Galliformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Odontophoridae]]


The New World quails are small, plump terrestrial birds only distantly related to the quails of the Old World, but named for their similar appearance and habits.
The New World quails are small, plump terrestrial birds only distantly related to the quails of the Old World, but named for their similar appearance and habits.
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==Pheasants, grouse, and allies==
==Pheasants, grouse, and allies==
[[Image:Wild turkey.jpg|thumb|Wild turkey]]
[[Image:Wild turkey.jpg|thumb|Wild turkey]]
'''Order''': [[Galliformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Phasianidae]]
Order: [[Galliformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Phasianidae]]


Phasianidae consists of the pheasants and their allies. These are terrestrial species, variable in size but generally plump with broad relatively short wings. Many species are gamebirds or have been domesticated as a food source for humans.
Phasianidae consists of the pheasants and their allies. These are terrestrial species, variable in size but generally plump with broad relatively short wings. Many species are gamebirds or have been domesticated as a food source for humans.
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==Flamingos==
==Flamingos==
[[File:Caribbean flamingo10.jpg|thumb|right|[[Caribbean flamingo]]]]
[[File:Caribbean flamingo10.jpg|thumb|right|[[Caribbean flamingo]]]]
'''Order''': [[Phoenicopteriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Phoenicopteridae]]
Order: [[Phoenicopteriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Phoenicopteridae]]


Flamingos (genus Phoenicopterus monotypic in family Phoenicopteridae) are gregarious wading birds, usually {{convert|3|to|5|ft|m|1}} tall, found in both the Western and Eastern Hemispheres. Flamingos filter-feed on shellfish and algae. Their oddly-shaped beaks are specially adapted to separate mud and silt from the food they consume and, uniquely, are used upside-down.
Flamingos (genus Phoenicopterus monotypic in family Phoenicopteridae) are gregarious wading birds, usually {{convert|3|to|5|ft|m|1}} tall, found in both the Western and Eastern Hemispheres. Flamingos filter-feed on shellfish and algae. Their oddly-shaped beaks are specially adapted to separate mud and silt from the food they consume and, uniquely, are used upside-down.
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==Grebes==
==Grebes==
[[Image:ClarksGrebe23.jpg|thumb|right|Clark's grebe]]
[[Image:ClarksGrebe23.jpg|thumb|right|Clark's grebe]]
'''Order''': [[Podicipediformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Podicipedidae]]
Order: [[Podicipediformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Podicipedidae]]


Grebes are small to medium-sized diving birds. They breed on fresh water, but often visit the sea when migrating and in winter. They have lobed toes and are excellent swimmers and divers; however, their feet are placed far back on their bodies, making them quite ungainly on land.
Grebes are small to medium-sized diving birds. They breed on fresh water, but often visit the sea when migrating and in winter. They have lobed toes and are excellent swimmers and divers; however, their feet are placed far back on their bodies, making them quite ungainly on land.
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==Pigeons and doves==
==Pigeons and doves==
[[File:IncaDove.jpg|thumb|right|[[Inca dove]]]]
[[File:IncaDove.jpg|thumb|right|[[Inca dove]]]]
'''Order''': [[Columbiformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Columbidae]]
Order: [[Columbiformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Columbidae]]


Pigeons and doves are stout-bodied birds with short necks and short slender bills with a fleshy cere.
Pigeons and doves are stout-bodied birds with short necks and short slender bills with a fleshy cere.
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*[[Gray-chested dove]], ''Leptotila cassinii'' {{IUCN status|LC|22690891}}
*[[Gray-chested dove]], ''Leptotila cassinii'' {{IUCN status|LC|22690891}}
*[[Gray-fronted quail-dove]], ''Geotrygon caniceps'' {{IUCN status|VU|22690917}}
*[[Gray-fronted quail-dove]], ''Geotrygon caniceps'' {{IUCN status|VU|22690917}}
*[[Gray-fronted dove]], ''Leptotila rufaxilla'' (A) {{IUCN status|LC}}<ref>{{cite iucn |title=''Leptotila rufaxilla'' |url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22690877/130173662 |author=BirdLife International |author-link=BirdLife International |year=2018 |access-date=15 October 2023}}</ref>
*[[Gray-headed dove]], ''Leptotila plumbeiceps'' {{IUCN status|LC|22690862}}
*[[Gray-headed dove]], ''Leptotila plumbeiceps'' {{IUCN status|LC|22690862}}
*[[Grenada dove]], ''Leptotila wellsi'' {{IUCN status|CR|22690874}}
*[[Grenada dove]], ''Leptotila wellsi'' {{IUCN status|CR|22690874}}
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==Sandgrouse==
==Sandgrouse==
'''Order''': [[Pterocliformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Pteroclidae]]
Order: [[Pterocliformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Pteroclidae]]


Sandgrouse have small, pigeon like heads and necks, but sturdy compact bodies. They have long pointed wings and sometimes tails and a fast direct flight. Flocks fly to watering holes at dawn and dusk. Their legs are feathered down to the toes.
Sandgrouse have small, pigeon like heads and necks, but sturdy compact bodies. They have long pointed wings and sometimes tails and a fast direct flight. Flocks fly to watering holes at dawn and dusk. Their legs are feathered down to the toes.
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==Cuckoos==
==Cuckoos==
[[Image:BlackbilledCuckoo23.jpg|thumb|Black-billed cuckoo]]
[[Image:BlackbilledCuckoo23.jpg|thumb|Black-billed cuckoo]]
'''Order''': [[Cuculiformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Cuculidae]]
Order: [[Cuculiformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Cuculidae]]


The family Cuculidae includes cuckoos, roadrunners and anis. These birds are of variable size with slender bodies, long tails and strong legs.
The family Cuculidae includes cuckoos, roadrunners and anis. These birds are of variable size with slender bodies, long tails and strong legs.
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*[[Jamaican lizard-cuckoo]], ''Coccyzus vetula'' {{IUCN status|LC|22684399A130096625}}
*[[Jamaican lizard-cuckoo]], ''Coccyzus vetula'' {{IUCN status|LC|22684399A130096625}}
*[[Lesser ground-cuckoo]], ''Morococcyx erythropygus'' {{IUCN status|LC|22684447}}
*[[Lesser ground-cuckoo]], ''Morococcyx erythropygus'' {{IUCN status|LC|22684447}}
*[[Lesser roadrunner]], ''Geococcyx velox'' {{IUCN status|LC|22684461}}
*[[Lesser roadrunner]], ''Geococcyx velox'' {{IUCN status|LC|22684461}}
*[[Little cuckoo]], ''Coccycua minuta'' {{IUCN status|LC}}
*[[Little cuckoo]], ''Coccycua minuta'' {{IUCN status|LC}}
*[[Mangrove cuckoo]], ''Coccyzus minor'' {{IUCN status|LC|22684337}}
*[[Mangrove cuckoo]], ''Coccyzus minor'' {{IUCN status|LC|22684337}}
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==Nightjars and allies==
==Nightjars and allies==
[[File:Chordeiles minor -British Columbia -Canada-8c.jpg|thumb|[[Common nighthawk]]]]
[[File:Chordeiles minor -British Columbia -Canada-8c.jpg|thumb|[[Common nighthawk]]]]
'''Order''': [[Caprimulgiformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Caprimulgidae]]
Order: [[Caprimulgiformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Caprimulgidae]]


Nightjars are medium-sized nocturnal birds that usually nest on the ground. They have long wings, short legs and very short bills. Most have small feet, of little use for walking, and long pointed wings. Their soft plumage is cryptically coloured to resemble bark or leaves.
Nightjars are medium-sized nocturnal birds that usually nest on the ground. They have long wings, short legs and very short bills. Most have small feet, of little use for walking, and long pointed wings. Their soft plumage is cryptically coloured to resemble bark or leaves.
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*[[Lesser nighthawk]], ''Chordeiles acutipennis'' {{IUCN status|LC|22689711}}
*[[Lesser nighthawk]], ''Chordeiles acutipennis'' {{IUCN status|LC|22689711}}
*[[Mexican whip-poor-will]], ''Antrostomus arizonae'' {{IUCN status|LC|22736398}}
*[[Mexican whip-poor-will]], ''Antrostomus arizonae'' {{IUCN status|LC|22736398}}
*[[Nacunda nighthawk]], ''Chordeiles nacunda'' {{IUCN status|LC}}<ref>{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2016 |title=''Chordeiles nacunda'' |volume=2016 |page=e.T22689723A93245296 |access-date=15 October 2023}}</ref>
*[[Ocellated poorwill]], ''Nyctiphrynus ocellatus'' {{IUCN status|LC|22689773}}
*[[Ocellated poorwill]], ''Nyctiphrynus ocellatus'' {{IUCN status|LC|22689773}}
*[[Puerto Rican nightjar]], ''Antrostomus noctitherus'' {{IUCN status|EN|22689809}} {{ESA status|E}}
*[[Puerto Rican nightjar]], ''Antrostomus noctitherus'' {{IUCN status|EN|22689809}} {{ESA status|E}}
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==Oilbird==
==Oilbird==
'''Order''': [[Steatornithiformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Steatornithidae]]
Order: [[Steatornithiformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Steatornithidae]]


The oilbird is a slim, long-winged bird related to the nightjars. It is nocturnal and a specialist feeder on the fruit of the [[oil palm]].
The oilbird is a slim, long-winged bird related to the nightjars. It is nocturnal and a specialist feeder on the fruit of the [[oil palm]].
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==Potoos==
==Potoos==
'''Order''': [[Nyctibiiformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Nyctibiidae]]
Order: [[Nyctibiiformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Nyctibiidae]]


The potoos (sometimes called poor-me-ones) are large [[near passerine]] birds related to the nightjars and frogmouths. They are nocturnal insectivores which lack the bristles around the mouth found in the true nightjars.
The potoos (sometimes called poor-me-ones) are large [[near passerine]] birds related to the nightjars and frogmouths. They are nocturnal insectivores which lack the bristles around the mouth found in the true nightjars.
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==Swifts==
==Swifts==
[[File:White-throated Swift (Aeronautes saxatalis) in flight.jpg|thumb|[[White-throated swift]]]]
[[File:White-throated Swift (Aeronautes saxatalis) in flight.jpg|thumb|[[White-throated swift]]]]
'''Order''': [[Apodiformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Apodidae]]
Order: [[Apodiformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Apodidae]]


The swifts are small birds which spend the majority of their lives flying. These birds have very short legs and never settle voluntarily on the ground, perching instead only on vertical surfaces. Many swifts have long swept-back wings which resemble a crescent or boomerang.
The swifts are small birds which spend the majority of their lives flying. These birds have very short legs and never settle voluntarily on the ground, perching instead only on vertical surfaces. Many swifts have long swept-back wings which resemble a crescent or boomerang.
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*[[Common swift]], ''Apus apus'' (A) {{IUCN status|LC|22686800}}
*[[Common swift]], ''Apus apus'' (A) {{IUCN status|LC|22686800}}
*[[Costa Rican swift]], ''Chaetura fumosa'' {{IUCN status|LC|22730119}}
*[[Costa Rican swift]], ''Chaetura fumosa'' {{IUCN status|LC|22730119}}
*[[Fork-tailed palm swift]], ''Tachornis squamata'' {{IUCN status|LC}}<ref>{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22686751/93125297 |date=2016 |title=''Tachornis squamata'' |volume=2016 |page=e.T22686751A93125297 |access-date=15 October 2023}}</ref>
*[[Gray-rumped swift]], ''Chaetura cinereiventris'' {{IUCN status|LC|22686701}}
*[[Gray-rumped swift]], ''Chaetura cinereiventris'' {{IUCN status|LC|22686701}}
*[[Great swallow-tailed swift]], ''Panyptila sanctihieronymi'' {{IUCN status|LC|22686756}}
*[[Great swallow-tailed swift]], ''Panyptila sanctihieronymi'' {{IUCN status|LC|22686756}}
*[[Lesser Antillean swift]], ''Chaetura martinica'' {{IUCN status|LC|22686698}}
*[[Lesser Antillean swift]], ''Chaetura martinica'' {{IUCN status|LC|22686698}}
*[[Lesser swallow-tailed swift]], ''Panyptila cayennensis'' {{IUCN status|LC|22686759}}
*[[Lesser swallow-tailed swift]], ''Panyptila cayennensis'' {{IUCN status|LC|22686759}}
*[[Little swift]], ''Apus affinis'' (A) {{IUCN status|LC|22686856}}<ref>{{cite web |last=Lepage |first=Denis |url=https://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=EN&avibaseid=D209A90C8A90DA51&sec=map |title=Little Swift |publisher=Avibase |access-date=28 March 2024}}</ref>
*[[Pacific swift|Fork-tailed swift]], ''Apus pacificus'' (A) {{IUCN status|LC|22686845}}
*[[Pacific swift|Fork-tailed swift]], ''Apus pacificus'' (A) {{IUCN status|LC|22686845}}
*[[Short-tailed swift]], ''Chaetura brachyura'' {{IUCN status|LC|22686725}}
*[[Short-tailed swift]], ''Chaetura brachyura'' {{IUCN status|LC|22686725}}
*[[Sick's swift]], ''Chaetura meridionalis'' (A) {{IUCN status|LC|22733018}}}
*[[Sick's swift]], ''Chaetura meridionalis'' (A) {{IUCN status|LC|22733018}}
*[[Spot-fronted swift]], ''Cypseloides cherriei'' {{IUCN status|DD|22686458}}
*[[Spot-fronted swift]], ''Cypseloides cherriei'' {{IUCN status|DD|22686458}}
*[[Vaux's swift]], ''Chaetura vauxi'' {{IUCN status|LC|22733935}}
*[[Vaux's swift]], ''Chaetura vauxi'' {{IUCN status|LC|22733935}}
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==Hummingbirds==
==Hummingbirds==
[[Image:Rubythroathummer65.jpg|thumb|Ruby-throated hummingbird]]
[[Image:Rubythroathummer65.jpg|thumb|Ruby-throated hummingbird]]
'''Order''': [[Apodiformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Trochilidae]]
Order: [[Apodiformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Trochilidae]]


Hummingbirds are small birds capable of hovering in mid-air due to the rapid flapping of their wings. They are the only birds that can fly backwards.
Hummingbirds are small birds capable of hovering in mid-air due to the rapid flapping of their wings. They are the only birds that can fly backwards.
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*[[Amazilia hummingbird]], ''Amazilis amazilia'' (A) {{IUCN status|LC}}
*[[Amazilia hummingbird]], ''Amazilis amazilia'' (A) {{IUCN status|LC}}
*[[Amethyst-throated hummingbird]], ''Lampornis amethystinus'' {{IUCN status|LC|22687668}}
*[[Amethyst-throated hummingbird]], ''Lampornis amethystinus'' {{IUCN status|LC|22687668}}
*[[Amethyst woodstar]], ''Calliphlox amethystina'' (A) {{IUCN status|LC}}<ref>{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2016 |title=''Calliphlox amethystina'' |volume=2016 |page=e.T22688211A93187412 |access-date=15 October 2023}}</ref>
*[[Anna's hummingbird]], ''Calypte anna'' {{IUCN status|LC|22688199}}
*[[Anna's hummingbird]], ''Calypte anna'' {{IUCN status|LC|22688199}}
*[[Antillean crested hummingbird]], ''Orthorhyncus cristatus'' {{IUCN status|LC|22687164}}
*[[Antillean crested hummingbird]], ''Orthorhyncus cristatus'' {{IUCN status|LC|22687164}}
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*[[Blue-capped hummingbird]], ''Eupherusa cyanophrys'' {{IUCN status|EN|22687635}}
*[[Blue-capped hummingbird]], ''Eupherusa cyanophrys'' {{IUCN status|EN|22687635}}
*[[Blue-chested hummingbird]], ''Polyerata amabilis'' {{IUCN status|LC|22687552}}
*[[Blue-chested hummingbird]], ''Polyerata amabilis'' {{IUCN status|LC|22687552}}
*[[Blue-chinned sapphire]], ''Chlorestes notata'' {{IUCN status|LC}}<ref>{{cite iucn |url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/details/22687296/0 |title=''Chlorestes notata'' |author=BirdLife International |author-link=BirdLife International |year=2012 |access-date=15 October 2023}}</ref>
*[[Blue-headed hummingbird]], ''Riccordia bicolor'' {{IUCN status|LC|22687380}}
*[[Blue-headed hummingbird]], ''Riccordia bicolor'' {{IUCN status|LC|22687380}}
*[[Blue-tailed hummingbird]], ''Saucerottia cyanura'' {{IUCN status|LC|22687587}}
*[[Blue-tailed hummingbird]], ''Saucerottia cyanura'' {{IUCN status|LC|22687587}}
*[[Blue-tailed emerald]], ''Chlorostilbon mellisugus'' {{IUCN status|LC}}<ref>{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22687313/112399190 |date=2016 |title=''Chlorostilbon mellisugus'' |volume=2017 |page=e.T22687313A112399190 |access-date=15 October 2023}}</ref>
*[[Blue-throated goldentail]], ''Chlorestes eliciae'' {{IUCN status|LC|22687432}}
*[[Blue-throated goldentail]], ''Chlorestes eliciae'' {{IUCN status|LC|22687432}}
*[[Blue-throated hummingbird]], ''Lampornis clemenciae'' {{IUCN status|LC|22687664}}
*[[Blue-throated hummingbird]], ''Lampornis clemenciae'' {{IUCN status|LC|22687664}}
*[[Blue-vented hummingbird]], ''Saucerottia hoffmanni ''
*[[Blue-vented hummingbird]], ''Saucerottia hoffmanni''
*[[Brace's emerald]], ''Riccordia bracei'' (E) {{IUCN status|EX|22687333}}
*[[Brace's emerald]], ''Riccordia bracei'' (E) {{IUCN status|EX|22687333}}
*[[Broad-billed hummingbird]], ''Cynanthus latirostris'' {{IUCN status|LC|22687371}}
*[[Broad-billed hummingbird]], ''Cynanthus latirostris'' {{IUCN status|LC|22687371}}
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*[[Cinnamon hummingbird]], ''Amazilia rutila'' {{IUCN status|LC|22687603}}
*[[Cinnamon hummingbird]], ''Amazilia rutila'' {{IUCN status|LC|22687603}}
*[[Coppery-headed emerald]], ''Microchera cupreiceps'' {{IUCN status|LC|22687646}}
*[[Coppery-headed emerald]], ''Microchera cupreiceps'' {{IUCN status|LC|22687646}}
*[[Copper-rumped hummingbird]], ''Saucerottia tobaci'' {{IUCN status|LC}}<ref>{{cite iucn |url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22687593/93159610 |title=''Amazilia tobaci'' |author=BirdLife International |author-link=BirdLife International |year=2016 |access-date=15 October 2023}}</ref>
*[[Costa's hummingbird]], ''Calypte costae'' {{IUCN status|LC|22688202}}
*[[Costa's hummingbird]], ''Calypte costae'' {{IUCN status|LC|22688202}}
*[[Cozumel emerald]], ''Cynanthus forficatus'' {{IUCN status|LC|22724454}}
*[[Cozumel emerald]], ''Cynanthus forficatus'' {{IUCN status|LC|22724454}}
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*[[Greenish puffleg]], ''Haplophaedia aureliae'' {{IUCN status|LC|22733896}}
*[[Greenish puffleg]], ''Haplophaedia aureliae'' {{IUCN status|LC|22733896}}
*[[Green-throated carib]], ''Eulampis holosericeus'' {{IUCN status|LC|22687154}}
*[[Green-throated carib]], ''Eulampis holosericeus'' {{IUCN status|LC|22687154}}
*[[Green-throated mango]], ''Anthracothorax viridigula'' {{IUCN status|LC}}<ref>{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2016 |title=''Anthracothorax viridigula'' |volume=2016 |page=e.T22687122A93141043 |access-date=15 October 2023}}</ref>
*[[Green-throated mountain-gem]], ''Lampornis viridipallens'' {{IUCN status|LC|22687672}}
*[[Green-throated mountain-gem]], ''Lampornis viridipallens'' {{IUCN status|LC|22687672}}
*[[Hispaniolan emerald]], ''Riccordia swainsonii'' {{IUCN status|LC|22687336}}
*[[Hispaniolan emerald]], ''Riccordia swainsonii'' {{IUCN status|LC|22687336}}
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*[[Jamaican mango]], ''Anthracothorax mango'' {{IUCN status|LC|22687133}}
*[[Jamaican mango]], ''Anthracothorax mango'' {{IUCN status|LC|22687133}}
*[[Lesser violetear]], ''Colibri cyanotus''
*[[Lesser violetear]], ''Colibri cyanotus''
*[[Little hermit]], ''Phaethornis longuemareus'' {{IUCN status|LC}}<ref>{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2016 |title=''Phaethornis longuemareus'' |volume=2016 |page=e.T22736557A95137406 |access-date=15 October 2023}}</ref>
*[[Long-billed hermit]], ''Phaethornis longirostris'' {{IUCN status|LC|22730135}}
*[[Long-billed hermit]], ''Phaethornis longirostris'' {{IUCN status|LC|22730135}}
*[[Long-billed starthroat]], ''Heliomaster longirostris'' {{IUCN status|LC|22688138}}
*[[Long-billed starthroat]], ''Heliomaster longirostris'' {{IUCN status|LC|22688138}}
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*[[Rivoli's hummingbird]], ''Eugenes fulgens'' {{IUCN status|LC|22687746}}
*[[Rivoli's hummingbird]], ''Eugenes fulgens'' {{IUCN status|LC|22687746}}
*[[Ruby-throated hummingbird]], ''Archilochus colubris'' {{IUCN status|LC|22688193}}
*[[Ruby-throated hummingbird]], ''Archilochus colubris'' {{IUCN status|LC|22688193}}
*[[Ruby-topaz hummingbird]], ''Chrysolampis mosquitus '' {{IUCN status|LC|22687160}}
*[[Ruby-topaz hummingbird]], ''Chrysolampis mosquitus'' {{IUCN status|LC|22687160}}
*[[Rufous hummingbird]], ''Selasphorus rufus'' {{IUCN status|NT|22688296}}
*[[Rufous hummingbird]], ''Selasphorus rufus'' {{IUCN status|NT|22688296}}
*[[Rufous sabrewing]], ''Pampa rufa'' {{IUCN status|LC|22687066}}
*[[Rufous sabrewing]], ''Pampa rufa'' {{IUCN status|LC|22687066}}
*[[Rufous-shafted woodstar]], ''Chaetocercus jourdanii'' {{IUCN status|LC}}<ref>{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2016 |title=''Chaetocercus jourdanii'' |volume=2016 |page=e.T22688290A93190560 |access-date=15 October 2023}}</ref>
*[[Rufous-breasted hermit]], ''Glaucis hirsutus'' {{IUCN status|LC|22686911}}
*[[Rufous-breasted hermit]], ''Glaucis hirsutus'' {{IUCN status|LC|22686911}}
*[[Rufous-crested coquette]], ''Lophornis delattrei'' {{IUCN status|LC|22687208}}
*[[Rufous-crested coquette]], ''Lophornis delattrei'' {{IUCN status|LC|22687208}}
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*[[Talamanca hummingbird]], ''Eugenes spectabilis''
*[[Talamanca hummingbird]], ''Eugenes spectabilis''
*[[Tooth-billed hummingbird]], ''Androdon aequatorialis'' {{IUCN status|LC|22687019}}
*[[Tooth-billed hummingbird]], ''Androdon aequatorialis'' {{IUCN status|LC|22687019}}
*[[Tufted coquette]], ''Lophornis ornatus'' {{IUCN status|LC}}<ref>{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2018 |title=''Lophornis ornatus'' |volume=2018 |page=e.T22687181A130119414 |access-date=15 October 2023}}</ref>
*[[Tres Marias hummingbird]], ''Cynanthus lawrencei '' {{IUCN status|NT|}}
*[[Tres Marias hummingbird]], ''Cynanthus lawrencei'' {{IUCN status|NT|}}
*[[Turquoise-crowned hummingbird]], ''Cynanthus doubledayi'' {{IUCN status|LC|}}
*[[Turquoise-crowned hummingbird]], ''Cynanthus doubledayi'' {{IUCN status|LC|}}
*[[Veraguan mango]], ''Anthracothorax veraguensis'' {{IUCN status|LC|22729026}}
*[[Veraguan mango]], ''Anthracothorax veraguensis'' {{IUCN status|LC|22729026}}
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*[[White-bellied emerald]], ''Chlorestes candida'' {{IUCN status|LC|22687513}}
*[[White-bellied emerald]], ''Chlorestes candida'' {{IUCN status|LC|22687513}}
*[[White-bellied mountain-gem]], ''Lampornis hemileucus'' {{IUCN status|LC|22687680}}
*[[White-bellied mountain-gem]], ''Lampornis hemileucus'' {{IUCN status|LC|22687680}}
*[[White-chested emerald]], ''Chrysuronia brevirostris'' {{IUCN status|LC}}<ref>{{cite iucn |url=https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/22687517/93156250 |title=''Amazilia brevirostris'' |author=BirdLife International |author-link=BirdLife International |year=2016 |access-date=15 October 2023}}</ref>
*[[White-crested coquette]], ''Lophornis adorabilis'' {{IUCN status|LC|22687247}}
*[[White-crested coquette]], ''Lophornis adorabilis'' {{IUCN status|LC|22687247}}
*[[White-eared hummingbird]], ''Basilinna leucotis'' {{IUCN status|LC|22687428}}
*[[White-eared hummingbird]], ''Basilinna leucotis'' {{IUCN status|LC|22687428}}
*[[White-necked jacobin]], ''Florisuga mellivora'' {{IUCN status|LC|22687097}}
*[[White-necked jacobin]], ''Florisuga mellivora'' {{IUCN status|LC|22687097}}
*[[White-tailed emerald]], ''Microchera chionura'' {{IUCN status|LC|22687643}}
*[[White-tailed emerald]], ''Microchera chionura'' {{IUCN status|LC|22687643}}
*[[White-tailed goldenthroat]], ''Polytmus guainumbi'' {{IUCN status|LC}}<ref>{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2016 |title=''Polytmus guainumbi'' |volume=2016 |page=e.T22687482A93154067 |access-date=15 October 2023}}</ref>
*[[White-tailed hummingbird]], ''Eupherusa poliocerca'' {{IUCN status|VU|22687627}}
*[[White-tailed hummingbird]], ''Eupherusa poliocerca'' {{IUCN status|VU|22687627}}
*[[White-tailed sabrewing]], ''Campylopterus ensipennis'' {{IUCN status|NT}}<ref>{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2020 |title=''Campylopterus ensipennis'' |volume=2020 |page=e.T22687078A179214927 |access-date=15 October 2023}}</ref>
*[[White-throated mountain-gem]], ''Lampornis castaneoventris'' {{IUCN status|LC|22687684}}
*[[White-throated mountain-gem]], ''Lampornis castaneoventris'' {{IUCN status|LC|22687684}}
*[[White-tipped sicklebill]], ''Eutoxeres aquila'' {{IUCN status|LC|22687013}}
*[[White-tipped sicklebill]], ''Eutoxeres aquila'' {{IUCN status|LC|22687013}}
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==Rails, gallinules and coots==
==Rails, gallinules and coots==
[[Image:KingRail23.jpg|thumb|right|King rail]]
[[Image:KingRail23.jpg|thumb|right|King rail]]
'''Order''': [[Gruiformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Rallidae]]
Order: [[Gruiformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Rallidae]]


Rallidae is a large family of small to medium-sized birds which includes the rails, crakes, coots and gallinules. The most typical family members occupy dense vegetation in damp environments near lakes, swamps or rivers. In general they are shy and secretive birds, making them difficult to observe. Most species have strong legs and long toes which are well adapted to soft uneven surfaces. They tend to have short, rounded wings and to be weak fliers.
Rallidae is a large family of small to medium-sized birds which includes the rails, crakes, coots and gallinules. The most typical family members occupy dense vegetation in damp environments near lakes, swamps or rivers. In general they are shy and secretive birds, making them difficult to observe. Most species have strong legs and long toes which are well adapted to soft uneven surfaces. They tend to have short, rounded wings and to be weak fliers.
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*[[American coot]], ''Fulica americana'' {{IUCN status|LC|22692923}}
*[[American coot]], ''Fulica americana'' {{IUCN status|LC|22692923}}
*[[American purple gallinule|Purple gallinule]], ''Porphyrio martinicus'' {{IUCN status|LC|22692827}}
*[[American purple gallinule|Purple gallinule]], ''Porphyrio martinicus'' {{IUCN status|LC|22692827}}
*[[Ash-throated crake]], ''Mustelirallus albicollis'' {{IUCN status|LC}}<ref>{{cite iucn |title=''Porzana albicollis'' |author=BirdLife International |author-link=BirdLife International |year=2016 |page=e.T22692690A93364764 |access-date=15 October 2023}}</ref>
*[[Aztec rail]], ''Rallus tenuirostris'' {{IUCN status|NT|22728525A94989287}}
*[[Aztec rail]], ''Rallus tenuirostris'' {{IUCN status|NT|22728525A94989287}}
*[[Azure gallinule]], ''Porphyrio flavirostris'' (A) {{IUCN status|LC|22692848}}
*[[Azure gallinule]], ''Porphyrio flavirostris'' (A) {{IUCN status|LC|22692848}}
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*[[Uniform crake]], ''Amaurolimnas concolor'' {{IUCN status|LC|22692601}}
*[[Uniform crake]], ''Amaurolimnas concolor'' {{IUCN status|LC|22692601}}
*[[Virginia rail]], ''Rallus limicola'' {{IUCN status|LC|22692479}}
*[[Virginia rail]], ''Rallus limicola'' {{IUCN status|LC|22692479}}
*[[Western swamphen|Purple swamphen]], ''Porphyrio porphyrio '' (I)
*[[Western swamphen|Purple swamphen]], ''Porphyrio porphyrio'' (I)
*[[Western water-rail]], ''Rallus aquaticus'' (A) {{IUCN status|LC|22692489}}
*[[Western water-rail]], ''Rallus aquaticus'' (A) {{IUCN status|LC|22692489}}
*[[White-throated crake]], ''Laterallus albigularis'' {{IUCN status|LC|22692346}}
*[[White-throated crake]], ''Laterallus albigularis'' {{IUCN status|LC|22692346}}
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==Finfoots==
==Finfoots==
'''Order''': [[Gruiformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Heliornithidae]]
Order: [[Gruiformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Heliornithidae]]


Heliornithidae is a small family of tropical birds with webbed lobes on their feet similar to those of grebes and coots.
Heliornithidae is a small family of tropical birds with webbed lobes on their feet similar to those of grebes and coots.
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==Limpkin==
==Limpkin==
[[Image:Myakka Limpkin.jpg|thumb|right|Limpkin]]
[[Image:Myakka Limpkin.jpg|thumb|right|Limpkin]]
'''Order''': [[Gruiformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Aramidae]]
Order: [[Gruiformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Aramidae]]


The limpkin is an odd bird that looks like a large [[Rail (bird)|rail]], but is skeletally closer to the [[Crane (bird)|cranes]]. It is found in marshes with some trees or scrub in the [[Caribbean]], [[South America]] and southern [[Florida]].
The limpkin is an odd bird that looks like a large [[Rail (bird)|rail]], but is skeletally closer to the [[Crane (bird)|cranes]]. It is found in marshes with some trees or scrub in the [[Caribbean]], [[South America]] and southern [[Florida]].
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==Cranes==
==Cranes==
'''Order''': [[Gruiformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Gruidae]]
Order: [[Gruiformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Gruidae]]


Cranes are large, long-legged and long-necked birds. Unlike the similar-looking but unrelated herons, cranes fly with necks outstretched, not pulled back. Most have elaborate and noisy courting displays or "dances".
Cranes are large, long-legged and long-necked birds. Unlike the similar-looking but unrelated herons, cranes fly with necks outstretched, not pulled back. Most have elaborate and noisy courting displays or "dances".
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*[[Sandhill crane]], ''Antigone canadensis'' {{IUCN status|LC|22692078}} (ssp. ''nesiotes'' and ''pulla'': {{ESA status|E}})
*[[Sandhill crane]], ''Antigone canadensis'' {{IUCN status|LC|22692078}} (ssp. ''nesiotes'' and ''pulla'': {{ESA status|E}})
*[[Whooping crane]], ''Grus americana'' {{IUCN status|EN|22692156}} {{ESA status|E}} (and {{ESA status|XN}})
*[[Whooping crane]], ''Grus americana'' {{IUCN status|EN|22692156}} {{ESA status|E}} (and {{ESA status|XN}})



==Thick-knees==
==Thick-knees==
'''Order''': [[Charadriiformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Burhinidae]]
Order: [[Charadriiformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Burhinidae]]


The thick-knees are a group of waders found worldwide within the tropical zone, with some species also breeding in temperate Europe and Australia. They are medium to large waders with strong black or yellow-black bills, large yellow eyes and cryptic plumage. Despite being classed as waders, most species have a preference for arid or semi-arid habitats.
The thick-knees are a group of waders found worldwide within the tropical zone, with some species also breeding in temperate Europe and Australia. They are medium to large waders with strong black or yellow-black bills, large yellow eyes and cryptic plumage. Despite being classed as waders, most species have a preference for arid or semi-arid habitats.
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==Stilts and avocets==
==Stilts and avocets==
[[Image:AmericanAvocet23.jpg|thumb|right|American avocet]]
[[Image:AmericanAvocet23.jpg|thumb|right|American avocet]]
'''Order''': [[Charadriiformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Recurvirostridae]]
Order: [[Charadriiformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Recurvirostridae]]


Recurvirostridae is a family of large wading birds, which includes the avocets and stilts. The avocets have long legs and long up-curved bills. The stilts have extremely long legs and long, thin, straight bills.
Recurvirostridae is a family of large wading birds, which includes the avocets and stilts. The avocets have long legs and long up-curved bills. The stilts have extremely long legs and long, thin, straight bills.
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*[[Black-winged stilt]], ''Himantopus himantopus'' (A) {{IUCN status|LC|22693675}}
*[[Black-winged stilt]], ''Himantopus himantopus'' (A) {{IUCN status|LC|22693675}}
*[[Black-necked stilt]], ''Himantopus mexicanus'' {{IUCN status|LC|22735273}} (Hawaiian stilt ''H. m. knudseni'': {{ESA status|E}})
*[[Black-necked stilt]], ''Himantopus mexicanus'' {{IUCN status|LC|22735273}} (Hawaiian stilt ''H. m. knudseni'': {{ESA status|E}})



==Oystercatchers==
==Oystercatchers==
[[File:Haematopus palliatus -Atlantic coast, New Jersey, USA-8 (5).jpg|thumb|[[American oystercatcher]]]]
[[File:Haematopus palliatus -Atlantic coast, New Jersey, USA-8 (5).jpg|thumb|[[American oystercatcher]]]]
'''Order''': [[Charadriiformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Haematopodidae]]
Order: [[Charadriiformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Haematopodidae]]


The oystercatchers are large, obvious and noisy [[plover]]-like birds, with strong bills used for smashing or prising open [[mollusc]]s.
The oystercatchers are large, obvious and noisy [[plover]]-like birds, with strong bills used for smashing or prising open [[mollusc]]s.
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==Lapwings and plovers==
==Lapwings and plovers==
[[Image:Killdeer59.jpg|thumb|Killdeer]]
[[Image:Killdeer59.jpg|thumb|Killdeer]]
'''Order''': [[Charadriiformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Charadriidae]]
Order: [[Charadriiformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Charadriidae]]


The family Charadriidae includes the plovers, dotterels and lapwings. They are small to medium-sized birds with compact bodies, short, thick necks and long, usually pointed, wings. They are found in open country worldwide, mostly in habitats near water.
The family Charadriidae includes the plovers, dotterels and lapwings. They are small to medium-sized birds with compact bodies, short, thick necks and long, usually pointed, wings. They are found in open country worldwide, mostly in habitats near water.
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==Jacanas==
==Jacanas==
'''Order''': [[Charadriiformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Jacanidae]]
Order: [[Charadriiformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Jacanidae]]


The jacanas are a group of waders found worldwide within the tropical zone. They are identifiable by their huge feet and claws which enable them to walk on floating vegetation in the shallow lakes that are their preferred habitat.
The jacanas are a group of waders found worldwide within the tropical zone. They are identifiable by their huge feet and claws which enable them to walk on floating vegetation in the shallow lakes that are their preferred habitat.
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[[Image:GreaterYellowlegs23.jpg|thumb|Greater yellowlegs]]
[[Image:GreaterYellowlegs23.jpg|thumb|Greater yellowlegs]]
[[Image:Rnphalarope04.jpg|thumb|Red-necked phalarope]]
[[Image:Rnphalarope04.jpg|thumb|Red-necked phalarope]]
'''Order''': [[Charadriiformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Scolopacidae]]
Order: [[Charadriiformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Scolopacidae]]


Scolopacidae is a large diverse family of small to medium-sized shorebirds including the sandpipers, curlews, godwits, shanks, tattlers, woodcocks, snipes, dowitchers and phalaropes. The majority of these species eat small invertebrates picked out of the mud or soil. Different lengths of legs and bills enable multiple species to feed in the same habitat, particularly on the coast, without direct competition for food.
Scolopacidae is a large diverse family of small to medium-sized shorebirds including the sandpipers, curlews, godwits, shanks, tattlers, woodcocks, snipes, dowitchers and phalaropes. The majority of these species eat small invertebrates picked out of the mud or soil. Different lengths of legs and bills enable multiple species to feed in the same habitat, particularly on the coast, without direct competition for food.
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==Pratincoles and coursers==
==Pratincoles and coursers==
'''Order''': [[Charadriiformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Glareolidae]]
Order: [[Charadriiformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Glareolidae]]


Pratincoles have short legs, very long pointed wings and long forked tails. Their most unusual feature for birds classed as [[wader]]s is that they typically hunt their [[insect]] prey on the wing like [[hirundinidae|swallows]], although they can also feed on the ground. Their short bills are an adaptation to aerial feeding.
Pratincoles have short legs, very long pointed wings and long forked tails. Their most unusual feature for birds classed as [[wader]]s is that they typically hunt their [[insect]] prey on the wing like [[hirundinidae|swallows]], although they can also feed on the ground. Their short bills are an adaptation to aerial feeding.
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==Skuas and jaegers==
==Skuas and jaegers==
[[File:Storkjove.1.jpg|thumb|right|Great skua]]
[[File:Storkjove.1.jpg|thumb|right|Great skua]]
'''Order''': [[Charadriiformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Stercorariidae]]
Order: [[Charadriiformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Stercorariidae]]


Skuas are in general medium to large birds, typically with gray or brown plumage, often with white markings on the wings. They have longish bills with hooked tips and webbed feet with sharp claws. They look like large dark gulls, but have a fleshy [[cere]] above the upper mandible. They are strong, acrobatic fliers.
Skuas are in general medium to large birds, typically with gray or brown plumage, often with white markings on the wings. They have longish bills with hooked tips and webbed feet with sharp claws. They look like large dark gulls, but have a fleshy [[cere]] above the upper mandible. They are strong, acrobatic fliers.
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==Auks, murres and puffins==
==Auks, murres and puffins==
'''Order''': [[Charadriiformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Alcidae]]
Order: [[Charadriiformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Alcidae]]


Alcids are superficially similar to [[penguin]]s due to their black-and-white colors, their upright posture and some of their habits,
Alcids are superficially similar to [[penguin]]s due to their black-and-white colors,
their upright posture and some of their habits, however they are only distantly related
however they are only distantly related to the penguins and are able to fly. Auks live on the open sea, only deliberately coming ashore to nest.
to the penguins and are able to fly. Auks live on the open sea, only deliberately coming ashore to nest.


{{colbegin}}
{{colbegin}}
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[[Image:Westerngull.JPG|thumb|right|A western gull in front of the [[Golden Gate Bridge]] in [[San Francisco]]]]
[[Image:Westerngull.JPG|thumb|right|A western gull in front of the [[Golden Gate Bridge]] in [[San Francisco]]]]
[[Image:Ring Billed Gull.jpg|thumb|right|Ring-billed gull]]
[[Image:Ring Billed Gull.jpg|thumb|right|Ring-billed gull]]
'''Order''': [[Charadriiformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Laridae]]
Order: [[Charadriiformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Laridae]]


Laridae is a family of medium to large seabirds and includes gulls, terns, kittiwakes and skimmers. Gulls are typically gray or white, often with black markings on the head or wings. They have stout, longish bills and webbed feet. Terns are a group of generally medium to large seabirds typically with grey or white plumage, often with black markings on the head. Most terns hunt fish by diving but some pick insects off the surface of fresh water. Terns are generally long-lived birds, with several species known to live in excess of 30 years. [[Skimmer (bird)|Skimmer]]s are a small family of tropical tern-like birds. They have an elongated lower mandible which they use to feed by flying low over the water surface and skimming the water for small fish.
Laridae is a family of medium to large seabirds and includes gulls, terns, kittiwakes and skimmers. Gulls are typically gray or white, often with black markings on the head or wings. They have stout, longish bills and webbed feet. Terns are a group of generally medium to large seabirds typically with grey or white plumage, often with black markings on the head. Most terns hunt fish by diving but some pick insects off the surface of fresh water. Terns are generally long-lived birds, with several species known to live in excess of 30 years. [[Skimmer (bird)|Skimmer]]s are a small family of tropical tern-like birds. They have an elongated lower mandible which they use to feed by flying low over the water surface and skimming the water for small fish.
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{{colbegin}}
{{colbegin}}
*[[Aleutian tern]], ''Onychoprion aleuticus'' {{IUCN status|VU|22694716}}
*[[Aleutian tern]], ''Onychoprion aleuticus'' {{IUCN status|VU|22694716}}
*[[American herring gull|Herring gull]]'' ''Larus argentatus'' {{IUCN status|LC|22694351}})
*[[American herring gull|Herring gull]] ''Larus argentatus'' {{IUCN status|LC|22694351}})
*[[Arctic tern]], ''Sterna paradisaea'' {{IUCN status|LC|22694629}}
*[[Arctic tern]], ''Sterna paradisaea'' {{IUCN status|LC|22694629}}
*[[Belcher's gull]], ''Larus belcheri'' (A) {{IUCN status|LC|22694282}}
*[[Belcher's gull]], ''Larus belcheri'' (A) {{IUCN status|LC|22694282}}
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==Sunbittern==
==Sunbittern==
'''Order''': [[Sunbittern|Eurypygiformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Eurypygidae]]
Order: [[Sunbittern|Eurypygiformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Eurypygidae]]


The sunbittern is a [[bittern]]-like bird of tropical regions of the Americas and the sole member of the family Eurypygidae (sometimes spelled Eurypigidae) and genus ''Eurypyga''.
The sunbittern is a [[bittern]]-like bird of tropical regions of the Americas and the sole member of the family Eurypygidae (sometimes spelled Eurypigidae) and genus ''Eurypyga''.
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==Tropicbirds==
==Tropicbirds==
[[File:Phaethon aethereus Little Tobago.jpg|right|thumb|Red-billed tropicbird; a few breed on Swan Cay off the Caribbean coast.]]
[[File:Phaethon aethereus Little Tobago.jpg|right|thumb|Red-billed tropicbird; a few breed on Swan Cay off the Caribbean coast.]]
'''Order''': [[Phaethontiformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Phaethontidae]]
Order: [[Phaethontiformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Phaethontidae]]


[[Tropicbird]]s are slender white birds of tropical oceans which have exceptionally long central tail feathers. Their heads and long wings have black markings.
[[Tropicbird]]s are slender white birds of tropical oceans which have exceptionally long central tail feathers. Their heads and long wings have black markings.
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* [[Red-tailed tropicbird]], ''Phaethon rubricauda'' {{IUCN status|LC|22696641A132586227}}
* [[Red-tailed tropicbird]], ''Phaethon rubricauda'' {{IUCN status|LC|22696641A132586227}}
* [[White-tailed tropicbird]], ''Phaethon lepturus'' {{IUCN status|LC|22696645A131756065}}
* [[White-tailed tropicbird]], ''Phaethon lepturus'' {{IUCN status|LC|22696645A131756065}}



==Penguins==
==Penguins==
'''Order''': [[Sphenisciformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Spheniscidae]]
Order: [[Sphenisciformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Spheniscidae]]


The penguins are a group of aquatic, flightless birds living almost exclusively in the Southern Hemisphere. Most penguins feed on [[krill]], [[fish]], [[squid]], and other forms of sealife caught while swimming underwater.
The penguins are a group of aquatic, flightless birds living almost exclusively in the Southern Hemisphere. Most penguins feed on [[krill]], [[fish]], [[squid]], and other forms of sealife caught while swimming underwater.
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==Loons==
==Loons==
[[Image:PacificLoon24.jpg|thumb|right|Pacific loon]]
[[Image:PacificLoon24.jpg|thumb|right|Pacific loon]]
'''Order''': [[Gaviiformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Gaviidae]]
Order: [[Gaviiformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Gaviidae]]


Loons are aquatic birds the size of a large [[duck]], to which they are unrelated. Their [[plumage]] is largely gray or black, and they have spear-shaped [[Beak|bills]]. Loons swim well and fly adequately, but, because their legs are placed towards the rear of the body, are almost helpless on land.
Loons are aquatic birds the size of a large [[duck]], to which they are unrelated. Their [[plumage]] is largely gray or black, and they have spear-shaped [[Beak|bills]]. Loons swim well and fly adequately, but, because their legs are placed towards the rear of the body, are almost helpless on land.
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==Albatrosses==
==Albatrosses==
[[File:Short tailed Albatross1.jpg|thumb|right|[[Short-tailed albatross]]]]
[[File:Short tailed Albatross1.jpg|thumb|right|[[Short-tailed albatross]]]]
'''Order''': [[Procellariiformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Diomedeidae]]
Order: [[Procellariiformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Diomedeidae]]


The albatrosses are amongst the largest of flying birds, and the great albatrosses from the genus ''Diomedea'' have the largest wingspans of any extant birds.
The albatrosses are amongst the largest of flying birds, and the great albatrosses from the genus ''Diomedea'' have the largest wingspans of any extant birds.
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==Southern storm-petrels==
==Southern storm-petrels==
[[File:Oceanites oceanicusPCCA20070623-3634B.jpg|thumb|right|Wilson's storm-petrel]]
[[File:Oceanites oceanicusPCCA20070623-3634B.jpg|thumb|right|Wilson's storm-petrel]]
'''Order''': [[Procellariiformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Oceanitidae]]
Order: [[Procellariiformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Oceanitidae]]


The southern storm-petrels are the smallest seabirds, relatives of the [[petrel]]s, feeding on [[plankton]]ic crustaceans and small fish picked from the surface, typically while hovering. The flight is fluttering and sometimes [[bat]]-like. Until 2018, this family's three species were included with the other storm-petrels in family Hydrobatidae.
The southern storm-petrels are the smallest seabirds, relatives of the [[petrel]]s, feeding on [[plankton]]ic crustaceans and small fish picked from the surface, typically while hovering. The flight is fluttering and sometimes [[bat]]-like. Until 2018, this family's three species were included with the other storm-petrels in family Hydrobatidae.
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*[[White-faced storm-petrel]], ''Pelagodroma marina'' {{IUCN status|LC|22698453}}
*[[White-faced storm-petrel]], ''Pelagodroma marina'' {{IUCN status|LC|22698453}}
*[[Wilson's storm-petrel]], ''Oceanites oceanicus'' {{IUCN status|LC|22698436}}
*[[Wilson's storm-petrel]], ''Oceanites oceanicus'' {{IUCN status|LC|22698436}}



==Northern storm-petrels==
==Northern storm-petrels==
'''Order''': [[Procellariiformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Hydrobatidae]]
Order: [[Procellariiformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Hydrobatidae]]


Though the members of this family are similar in many respects to the southern storm-petrels, including their general appearance and habits, there are enough genetic differences to warrant their placement in a separate family.
Though the members of this family are similar in many respects to the southern storm-petrels, including their general appearance and habits, there are enough genetic differences to warrant their placement in a separate family.
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==Shearwaters and petrels==
==Shearwaters and petrels==
[[Image:Audubon's Shearwater Chick.jpg|right|thumb|Audubon's shearwater chick, this species breeds on Tiger Cays off the Caribbean coast.]]
[[Image:Audubon's Shearwater Chick.jpg|right|thumb|Audubon's shearwater chick, this species breeds on Tiger Cays off the Caribbean coast.]]
'''Order''': [[Procellariiformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Procellariidae]]
Order: [[Procellariiformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Procellariidae]]


The procellariids are the main group of medium-sized "true petrels", characterized by united nostrils with medium septum and a long outer functional primary.
The procellariids are the main group of medium-sized "true petrels", characterized by united nostrils with medium septum and a long outer functional primary.
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{{colbegin}}
{{colbegin}}
*[[Audubon's shearwater]], ''Puffinus lherminieri'' {{IUCN status|LC|22698255}}
*[[Audubon's shearwater]], ''Puffinus lherminieri'' {{IUCN status|LC|22698255}}
*[[Barolo shearwater]], ''Puffinus baroli'' (A)
*[[Barolo shearwater]], ''Puffinus baroli'' (A)
*[[Bermuda petrel]], ''Pterodroma cahow'' {{IUCN status|EN|22698088}} {{ESA status|E}}
*[[Bermuda petrel]], ''Pterodroma cahow'' {{IUCN status|EN|22698088}} {{ESA status|E}}
*[[Black-capped petrel]], ''Pterodroma hasitata'' {{IUCN status|EN|22698092}}
*[[Black-capped petrel]], ''Pterodroma hasitata'' {{IUCN status|EN|22698092}}
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*[[Hawaiian petrel]] ''Pterodroma sandwichensis'' (C) {{IUCN status|EN|22698017A132378813}}
*[[Hawaiian petrel]] ''Pterodroma sandwichensis'' (C) {{IUCN status|EN|22698017A132378813}}
*[[Herald petrel]], ''Pterodroma heraldica'' (A) {{IUCN status|LC|45048990A132667566}}
*[[Herald petrel]], ''Pterodroma heraldica'' (A) {{IUCN status|LC|45048990A132667566}}
*[[Jamaican petrel]], ''Pterodoma caribbea'' (E?) {{IUCN status|CR|22698097}} <ref>{{Cite iucn | author = BirdLife International | title = ''Pterodroma caribbaea'' | volume = 2018 | page = e.T22698097A132625182 | date = 2018 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22698097A132625182.en }}</ref>
*[[Jamaican petrel]], ''Pterodoma caribbea'' (E?) {{IUCN status|CR|22698097}} <ref>{{Cite iucn | author = BirdLife International | title = ''Pterodroma caribbaea'' | volume = 2018 | page = e.T22698097A132625182 | date = 2018 | doi = 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22698097A132625182.en}}</ref>
*[[Juan Fernandez petrel]], ''Pterodroma externa'' (A) {{IUCN status|VU|22698030}}
*[[Juan Fernandez petrel]], ''Pterodroma externa'' (A) {{IUCN status|VU|22698030}}
*[[Kermadec petrel]], ''Pterodroma neglecta'' (A) {{IUCN status|LC|22698027}}
*[[Kermadec petrel]], ''Pterodroma neglecta'' (A) {{IUCN status|LC|22698027}}
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*[[Stejneger's petrel]], ''Pterodroma longirostris'' (C) {{IUCN status|VU|22697997}}
*[[Stejneger's petrel]], ''Pterodroma longirostris'' (C) {{IUCN status|VU|22697997}}
*[[Streaked shearwater]], ''Calonectris leucomelas'' (C) {{IUCN status|NT|22698172}}
*[[Streaked shearwater]], ''Calonectris leucomelas'' (C) {{IUCN status|NT|22698172}}
*[[Tahiti petrel]], '' Pseudobulweria rostrata'' (A) {{IUCN status|NT|22697925}}
*[[Tahiti petrel]], ''Pseudobulweria rostrata'' (A) {{IUCN status|NT|22697925}}
*[[Townsend's shearwater]], ''Puffinus auricularis'' (A) {{IUCN status|CR|22698235}}
*[[Townsend's shearwater]], ''Puffinus auricularis'' (A) {{IUCN status|CR|22698235}}
*[[Trindade petrel]], ''Pterodroma arminjoniana'' {{IUCN status|VU|22698005}}
*[[Trindade petrel]], ''Pterodroma arminjoniana'' {{IUCN status|VU|22698005}}
*[[Wedge-tailed shearwater]], ''Ardenna pacifica'' (C) {{IUCN status|LC|22698175}}}
*[[Wedge-tailed shearwater]], ''Ardenna pacifica'' (C) {{IUCN status|LC|22698175}}}
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==Storks==
==Storks==
[[Image:Woodstork17.jpg|thumb|right|Wood stork]]
[[Image:Woodstork17.jpg|thumb|right|Wood stork]]
'''Order''': [[Ciconiiformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Ciconiidae]]
Order: [[Ciconiiformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Ciconiidae]]


Storks are large, heavy, long-legged, long-necked wading birds with long stout bills and wide wingspans. They lack the [[powder down]] that other wading birds such as herons, spoonbills and ibises use to clean off fish slime. Storks lack a pharynx and are mute.
Storks are large, heavy, long-legged, long-necked wading birds with long stout bills and wide wingspans. They lack the [[powder down]] that other wading birds such as herons, spoonbills and ibises use to clean off fish slime. Storks lack a pharynx and are mute.


⚫
*[[Jabiru]], ''Jabiru mycteria'' {{IUCN status|LC|22697710}}
⚫
*[[Maguari stork]], ''Ciconia maguari'' (A) {{IUCN status|LC|22697688A93630558}}
*[[White stork]], ''Ciconia cionia'' (A) {{IUCN status|LC|86248677}}<ref>{{cite iucn|page= e.T22697691A86248677 |title= ''Ciconia ciconia'' |author=BirdLife International |author-link=BirdLife International |year=2016 |access-date= 19 May 2020}}</ref>
*[[White stork]], ''Ciconia cionia'' (A) {{IUCN status|LC|86248677}}<ref>{{cite iucn|page= e.T22697691A86248677 |title= ''Ciconia ciconia'' |author=BirdLife International |author-link=BirdLife International |year=2016 |access-date= 19 May 2020}}</ref>
⚫
*[[Maguari stork]], ''Ciconia maguari'' (A) {{IUCN status|LC|22697688A93630558}}
⚫
*[[Jabiru]], ''Jabiru mycteria'' {{IUCN status|LC|22697710}}
*[[Wood stork]], ''Mycteria americana'' {{IUCN status|LC|22697648}} {{ESA status|E}}
*[[Wood stork]], ''Mycteria americana'' {{IUCN status|LC|22697648}} {{ESA status|E}}


==Frigatebirds==
==Frigatebirds==
'''Order''': [[Suliformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Fregatidae]]
Order: [[Suliformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Fregatidae]]


Frigatebirds are large seabirds usually found over tropical oceans. They are large, black or black and white, with long wings and deeply forked tails. The males have colored inflatable throat pouches. They do not swim or walk and cannot take off from a flat surface. Having the largest wingspan-to-body-weight ratio of any bird, they are essentially aerial, able to stay aloft for more than a week.
Frigatebirds are large seabirds usually found over tropical oceans. They are large, black or black and white, with long wings and deeply forked tails. The males have colored inflatable throat pouches. They do not swim or walk and cannot take off from a flat surface. Having the largest wingspan-to-body-weight ratio of any bird, they are essentially aerial, able to stay aloft for more than a week.
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*[[Lesser frigatebird]], ''Fregata ariel'' (A) {{IUCN status|LC|22697738}}
*[[Lesser frigatebird]], ''Fregata ariel'' (A) {{IUCN status|LC|22697738}}
*[[Magnificent frigatebird]], ''Fregata magnificens'' {{IUCN status|LC|22697724}}
*[[Magnificent frigatebird]], ''Fregata magnificens'' {{IUCN status|LC|22697724}}



==Boobies and gannets==
==Boobies and gannets==
[[Image:Nesting bluefoot.jpg|thumb|right|[[Blue-footed booby]]]]
[[Image:Nesting bluefoot.jpg|thumb|right|[[Blue-footed booby]]]]
'''Order''': [[Suliformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Sulidae]]
Order: [[Suliformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Sulidae]]


The sulids comprise the [[gannet]]s and [[booby|boobies]]. Both groups are medium-large coastal [[seabird]]s that plunge-dive for fish.
The sulids comprise the [[gannet]]s and [[booby|boobies]]. Both groups are medium-large coastal [[seabird]]s that plunge-dive for fish.
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==Darters==
==Darters==
'''Order''': [[Suliformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Anhingidae]]
Order: [[Suliformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Anhingidae]]


Darters or anhingas are cormorant-like water birds with very long necks and long, straight beaks. They are fish eaters which often swim with only their neck above the water.
Darters or anhingas are cormorant-like water birds with very long necks and long, straight beaks. They are fish eaters which often swim with only their neck above the water.
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==Cormorants and shags==
==Cormorants and shags==
[[File:Phalacrocorax-auritus-007.jpg|thumb|right|[[Double-crested cormorant]]]]
[[File:Phalacrocorax-auritus-007.jpg|thumb|right|[[Double-crested cormorant]]]]
'''Order''': [[Suliformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Phalacrocoracidae]]
Order: [[Suliformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Phalacrocoracidae]]


Cormorants are medium-to-large aquatic birds, usually with mainly dark plumage and areas of colored skin on the face. The bill is long, thin and sharply hooked. Their feet are four-toed and webbed.
Cormorants are medium-to-large aquatic birds, usually with mainly dark plumage and areas of colored skin on the face. The bill is long, thin and sharply hooked. Their feet are four-toed and webbed.
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*[[Double-crested cormorant]], ''Nannopterum auritum'' {{IUCN status|LC|22696776}}
*[[Double-crested cormorant]], ''Nannopterum auritum'' {{IUCN status|LC|22696776}}
*[[Great cormorant]], ''Phalacrocorax carbo'' {{IUCN status|LC|22696792}}
*[[Great cormorant]], ''Phalacrocorax carbo'' {{IUCN status|LC|22696792}}
*[[Guanay cormorant]], ''Leucocarbo bougainvilliorum '' (A) {{IUCN status|LC|22696773}}
*[[Guanay cormorant]], ''Leucocarbo bougainvilliorum'' (A) {{IUCN status|LC|22696773}}
*[[Neotropic cormorant]], ''Nannopterum brasilianum'' {{IUCN status|LC|22696773}}
*[[Neotropic cormorant]], ''Nannopterum brasilianum'' {{IUCN status|LC|22696773}}
*[[Pelagic cormorant]], ''Urile pelagicus'' {{IUCN status|LC|22728950}}
*[[Pelagic cormorant]], ''Urile pelagicus'' {{IUCN status|LC|22728950}}
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==Pelicans==
==Pelicans==
[[Image:Brown Pelican.jpg|thumb|right|Brown pelican]]
[[Image:Brown Pelican.jpg|thumb|right|Brown pelican]]
'''Order''': [[Pelecaniformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Pelecanidae]]
Order: [[Pelecaniformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Pelecanidae]]


Pelicans are very large water birds with a distinctive pouch under their beak. Like other birds in the order Pelecaniformes, they have four webbed toes.
Pelicans are very large water birds with a distinctive pouch under their beak. Like other birds in the order Pelecaniformes, they have four webbed toes.
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==Herons, egrets, and bitterns==
==Herons, egrets, and bitterns==
[[Image:Egretta thula1.jpg|thumb|right|Snowy egret]]
[[Image:Egretta thula1.jpg|thumb|right|Snowy egret]]
'''Order''': [[Pelecaniformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Ardeidae]]
Order: [[Pelecaniformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Ardeidae]]


The family Ardeidae contains the herons, egrets and bitterns. Herons and egrets are medium to large wading birds with long necks and legs. Bitterns tend to be shorter necked and more secretive. Members of Ardeidae fly with their necks retracted, unlike other long-necked birds such as storks, ibises and spoonbills.
The family Ardeidae contains the herons, egrets and bitterns. Herons and egrets are medium to large wading birds with long necks and legs. Bitterns tend to be shorter necked and more secretive. Members of Ardeidae fly with their necks retracted, unlike other long-necked birds such as storks, ibises and spoonbills.
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*[[Squacco heron]], ''Ardeola ralloides'' (A) {{IUCN status|LC|131940696}}
*[[Squacco heron]], ''Ardeola ralloides'' (A) {{IUCN status|LC|131940696}}
*[[Striated heron]], ''Butorides striata'' {{IUCN status|LC|22697154}}
*[[Striated heron]], ''Butorides striata'' {{IUCN status|LC|22697154}}
*[[Stripe-backed bittern]], ''Ixobrychus involucris'' {{IUCN status|LC}}<ref>{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2016 |title=''Ixobrychus involucris'' |volume=2016 |page=e.T22697294A93606613 |access-date=15 October 2023}}</ref>
*[[Tricolored heron]], ''Egretta tricolor'' {{IUCN status|LC|22696931}}
*[[Tricolored heron]], ''Egretta tricolor'' {{IUCN status|LC|22696931}}
*[[Western reef-heron]], ''Egretta gularis'' (A) {{IUCN status|LC|22696959}}
*[[Western reef-heron]], ''Egretta gularis'' (A) {{IUCN status|LC|22696959}}
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==Ibises and spoonbills==
==Ibises and spoonbills==
[[File:White Ibis, Venice, FL.jpg|thumb|right|American white ibis]]
[[File:White Ibis, Venice, FL.jpg|thumb|right|American white ibis]]
'''Order''': [[Pelecaniformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Threskiornithidae]]
Order: [[Pelecaniformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Threskiornithidae]]


Members of this family have long, broad wings, are strong fliers and, rather surprisingly, given their size and weight, very capable soarers. The body tends to be elongated, the neck more so, with rather long legs. The bill is also long, decurved in the case of the ibises, straight and distinctively flattened in the spoonbills.
Members of this family have long, broad wings, are strong fliers and, rather surprisingly, given their size and weight, very capable soarers. The body tends to be elongated, the neck more so, with rather long legs. The bill is also long, decurved in the case of the ibises, straight and distinctively flattened in the spoonbills.
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==New World vultures==
==New World vultures==
[[Image:California-condor.jpg|thumb|The [[California condor]] is one of North America's most endangered birds.]]
[[Image:California-condor.jpg|thumb|The [[California condor]] is one of North America's most endangered birds.]]
'''Order''': [[Cathartiformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Cathartidae]]
Order: [[Cathartiformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Cathartidae]]


The New World vultures are not closely related to Old World vultures, but superficially resemble them because of [[convergent evolution]]. Like the Old World vultures, they are scavengers. However, unlike Old World vultures, which find carcasses by sight, New World vultures have a good sense of smell with which they locate [[Carrion|carcasses]].
The New World vultures are not closely related to Old World vultures, but superficially resemble them because of [[convergent evolution]]. Like the Old World vultures, they are scavengers. However, unlike Old World vultures, which find carcasses by sight, New World vultures have a good sense of smell with which they locate [[Carrion|carcasses]].
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==Osprey==
==Osprey==
[[File:Osprey 1.jpg|thumb|right|Osprey]]
[[File:Osprey 1.jpg|thumb|right|Osprey]]
'''Order''': [[Accipitriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Pandionidae]]
Order: [[Accipitriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Pandionidae]]


Pandionidae is a family of fish-eating birds of prey, possessing a very large, powerful hooked beak for tearing flesh from their prey, strong legs, powerful talons and keen eyesight. The family is [[monotypic]].
Pandionidae is a family of fish-eating birds of prey, possessing a very large, powerful hooked beak for tearing flesh from their prey, strong legs, powerful talons and keen eyesight. The family is [[monotypic]].
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==Hawks, eagles, and kites==
==Hawks, eagles, and kites==
[[File:Goshawkmale66.jpg|thumb|right|Northern goshawk]]
[[File:Goshawkmale66.jpg|thumb|right|American goshawk]]
'''Order''': [[Accipitriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Accipitridae]]
Order: [[Accipitriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Accipitridae]]


Accipitridae is a family of birds of prey, which includes hawks, eagles, kites, harriers and Old World vultures. These birds have very large powerful hooked beaks for tearing flesh from their prey, strong legs, powerful talons and keen eyesight.
Accipitridae is a family of birds of prey, which includes hawks, eagles, kites, harriers and Old World vultures. These birds have very large powerful hooked beaks for tearing flesh from their prey, strong legs, powerful talons and keen eyesight.
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*[[Harpy eagle]], ''Harpia harpyja'' {{IUCN status|NT|22695998}} {{ESA status|E}}
*[[Harpy eagle]], ''Harpia harpyja'' {{IUCN status|NT|22695998}} {{ESA status|E}}
*[[Harris's hawk]], ''Parabuteo unicinctus'' {{IUCN status|LC|22695838}}
*[[Harris's hawk]], ''Parabuteo unicinctus'' {{IUCN status|LC|22695838}}
*[[Hook-billed kite]], ''Chondrohierax uncinatus'' {{IUCN status|LC|22694971}}
*[[Hook-billed kite]], ''Chondrohierax uncinatus'' {{IUCN status|LC|22694971}}
*[[Long-legged buzzard]], ''Buteo rufinus'' (A) {{IUCN status|LC|22736562A155442127}}
*[[Long-legged buzzard]], ''Buteo rufinus'' (A) {{IUCN status|LC|22736562A155442127}}
*[[Long-winged harrier]], ''Circus buffoni'' {{IUCN status|LC|22695373}}
*[[Long-winged harrier]], ''Circus buffoni'' {{IUCN status|LC|22695373}}
*[[Mississippi kite]], ''Ictinia mississippiensis'' {{IUCN status|LC|22695066}}
*[[Mississippi kite]], ''Ictinia mississippiensis'' {{IUCN status|LC|22695066}}
*[[Northern goshawk]], ''Accipiter gentilis'' {{IUCN status|LC|22695683}}
*[[Eurasian goshawk]], ''Accipiter gentilis'' (A) {{IUCN status|LC|22695683}}
⚫
*[[American goshawk]], ''Accipiter atricapillus'' {{IUCN status|LC|22695683}}
*[[Northern harrier]], ''Circus hudsonius'' {{IUCN status|LC|22695384}}
*[[Northern harrier]], ''Circus hudsonius'' {{IUCN status|LC|22695384}}
*[[Western marsh harrier]], ''Circus aeruginosus'' (A) LC
*[[Ornate hawk-eagle]], ''Spizaetus ornatus'' {{IUCN status|NT|22696197}}
*[[Ornate hawk-eagle]], ''Spizaetus ornatus'' {{IUCN status|NT|22696197}}
*[[Pearl kite]], ''Gampsonyx swainsonii'' {{IUCN status|LC|22695025}}
*[[Pearl kite]], ''Gampsonyx swainsonii'' {{IUCN status|LC|22695025}}
*[[Plumbeous hawk]], ''Cryptoleucopteryx plumbea '' {{IUCN status|NT|22695732}}
*[[Plumbeous hawk]], ''Cryptoleucopteryx plumbea'' {{IUCN status|NT|22695732}}
*[[Plumbeous kite]], ''Ictinia plumbea'' {{IUCN status|LC|22695069}}
*[[Plumbeous kite]], ''Ictinia plumbea'' {{IUCN status|LC|22695069}}
*[[Red-shouldered hawk]], ''Buteo lineatus'' {{IUCN status|LC|22695883}}
*[[Red-shouldered hawk]], ''Buteo lineatus'' {{IUCN status|LC|22695883}}
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{{Main|Barn owl}}
{{Main|Barn owl}}
[[File:Tyto alba close up.jpg|thumb|right|[[Barn owl]]]]
[[File:Tyto alba close up.jpg|thumb|right|[[Barn owl]]]]
'''Order''': [[Strigiformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Tytonidae]]
Order: [[Strigiformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Tytonidae]]


Barn-owls are medium to large owls with large heads and characteristic heart-shaped faces. They have long strong legs with powerful talons.
Barn-owls are medium to large owls with large heads and characteristic heart-shaped faces. They have long strong legs with powerful talons.
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==Owls==
==Owls==
[[File:Barred owl.jpg|thumb|[[Barred owl]]]]
[[File:Barred owl.jpg|thumb|[[Barred owl]]]]
'''Order''': [[Strigiformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Strigidae]]
Order: [[Strigiformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Strigidae]]


Typical owls are small to large solitary nocturnal birds of prey. They have large forward-facing eyes and ears, a hawk-like beak and a conspicuous circle of feathers around each eye called a facial disk.
Typical owls are small to large solitary nocturnal birds of prey. They have large forward-facing eyes and ears, a hawk-like beak and a conspicuous circle of feathers around each eye called a facial disk.
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*[[Burrowing owl]], ''Athene cunicularia'' {{IUCN status|LC|22689353}}
*[[Burrowing owl]], ''Athene cunicularia'' {{IUCN status|LC|22689353}}
*[[Central American pygmy-owl]], ''Glaucidium griseiceps'' {{IUCN status|LC|22729012}}
*[[Central American pygmy-owl]], ''Glaucidium griseiceps'' {{IUCN status|LC|22729012}}
*[[Choco screech-owl]], ''Megascops centralis''
*[[Choco screech-owl]], ''Megascops centralis''
*[[Cinereous owl]], ''Strix sartorii''
*[[Cinereous owl]], ''Strix sartorii''
*[[Colima pygmy-owl]], ''Glaucidium palmarum'' {{IUCN status|LC|22729019}}
*[[Colima pygmy-owl]], ''Glaucidium palmarum'' {{IUCN status|LC|22729019}}
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==Trogons==
==Trogons==
[[File:Priotelus temnurus -Camaguey, Camaguey Province, Cuba-8.jpg|thumb|[[Cuban trogon]]]]
[[File:Priotelus temnurus -Camaguey, Camaguey Province, Cuba-8.jpg|thumb|[[Cuban trogon]]]]
'''Order''': [[Trogoniformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Trogonidae]]
Order: [[Trogoniformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Trogonidae]]


Trogons are residents of [[Tropics|tropical]] forests worldwide and have soft, often colorful, feathers with distinctive male and female plumage. They have compact bodies with long tails and short necks.
Trogons are residents of [[Tropics|tropical]] forests worldwide and have soft, often colorful, feathers with distinctive male and female plumage. They have compact bodies with long tails and short necks.
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*[[Black-headed trogon]], ''Trogon melanocephalus'' {{IUCN status|LC|22682788}}
*[[Black-headed trogon]], ''Trogon melanocephalus'' {{IUCN status|LC|22682788}}
*[[Black-tailed trogon]], ''Trogon melanurus'' {{IUCN status|LC|22736251}}
*[[Black-tailed trogon]], ''Trogon melanurus'' {{IUCN status|LC|22736251}}
*[[Black-throated trogon]], ''Trogon rufus'' {{IUCN status|LC|22682810}}
*[[Amazonian black-throated trogon|Black-throated trogon]], ''Trogon rufus'' {{IUCN status|LC|22682810}}
*[[Citreoline trogon]], ''Trogon citreolus'' {{IUCN status|LC|22682785}}
*[[Citreoline trogon]], ''Trogon citreolus'' {{IUCN status|LC|22682785}}
*[[Collared trogon]], ''Trogon collaris'' {{IUCN status|LC|22682801}}
*[[Collared trogon]], ''Trogon collaris'' {{IUCN status|LC|22682801}}
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*[[Gartered trogon]], ''Trogon caligatus'' {{IUCN status|LC|22736267}}
*[[Gartered trogon]], ''Trogon caligatus'' {{IUCN status|LC|22736267}}
*[[Golden-headed quetzal]], ''Pharomachrus auriceps'' {{IUCN status|LC|22682738}}
*[[Golden-headed quetzal]], ''Pharomachrus auriceps'' {{IUCN status|LC|22682738}}
*[[Green-backed trogon]], ''Trogon viridis'' {{IUCN status|LC}}<ref>{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2016 |title=''Trogon viridis'' |volume=2016 |page=e.T22736238A95128440 |access-date=15 October 2023}}</ref>
*[[Guianan trogon]], ''Trogon violaceus'' {{IUCN status|LC}}<ref>{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2016 |title=''Trogon violaceus'' |page=e.T61686959A95175649 |access-date=15 October 2023}}</ref>
*[[Hispaniolan trogon]], ''Priotelus roseigaster'' {{IUCN status|LC|22682751}}
*[[Hispaniolan trogon]], ''Priotelus roseigaster'' {{IUCN status|LC|22682751}}
*[[Lattice-tailed trogon]], ''Trogon clathratus'' {{IUCN status|LC|22682768}}
*[[Lattice-tailed trogon]], ''Trogon clathratus'' {{IUCN status|LC|22682768}}
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==Hoopoes==
==Hoopoes==
'''Order''': [[Upupiformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Upupidae]]
Order: [[Upupiformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Upupidae]]


This black, white and pink bird is quite unmistakable, especially in its erratic flight, which is like that of a giant butterfly. There are three members of its family. The song is a trisyllabic ''oop-oop-oop'', which gives rise to its English and scientific names.
This black, white and pink bird is quite unmistakable, especially in its erratic flight, which is like that of a giant butterfly. There are three members of its family. The song is a trisyllabic ''oop-oop-oop'', which gives rise to its English and scientific names.
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==Todies==
==Todies==
[[File:Todus multicolor -Ciego de Avila Province, Cuba-8.jpg|thumb|[[Cuban tody]]]]
[[File:Todus multicolor -Ciego de Avila Province, Cuba-8.jpg|thumb|[[Cuban tody]]]]
'''Order''': [[Coraciiformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Todidae]]
Order: [[Coraciiformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Todidae]]


[[Tody|Todies]] are a group of small [[near passerine]] forest species endemic to the Caribbean. These birds have colorful plumage and resemble small kingfishers, but have flattened bills with serrated edges. They eat small prey such as insects and lizards.
[[Tody|Todies]] are a group of small [[near passerine]] forest species endemic to the Caribbean. These birds have colorful plumage and resemble small kingfishers, but have flattened bills with serrated edges. They eat small prey such as insects and lizards.
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==Motmots==
==Motmots==
[[File:Blue-crowned Motmot 1.jpeg|upright|thumb|[[Lesson's motmot]]]]
[[File:Blue-crowned Motmot 1.jpeg|upright|thumb|[[Lesson's motmot]]]]
'''Order''': [[Coraciiformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Motmotidae]]
Order: [[Coraciiformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Motmotidae]]


The motmots have colorful plumage and long, graduated tails which they display by waggling back and forth. In most of the species, the barbs near the ends of the two longest (central) tail feathers are weak and fall off, leaving a length of bare shaft and creating a racket-shaped tail.
The motmots have colorful plumage and long, graduated tails which they display by waggling back and forth. In most of the species, the barbs near the ends of the two longest (central) tail feathers are weak and fall off, leaving a length of bare shaft and creating a racket-shaped tail.
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*[[Russet-crowned motmot]], ''Momotus mexicanus'' {{IUCN status|LC|22683001}}
*[[Russet-crowned motmot]], ''Momotus mexicanus'' {{IUCN status|LC|22683001}}
*[[Tody motmot]], ''Hylomanes momotula'' {{IUCN status|LC|22682980}}
*[[Tody motmot]], ''Hylomanes momotula'' {{IUCN status|LC|22682980}}
*[[Trinidad motmot]], ''Momotus bahamensis'' {{IUCN status|LC}}<ref>{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2016 |title=''Momotus bahamensis'' |volume=2016 |page=e.T61634940A95173793 |access-date=15 October 2023}}</ref>
*[[Turquoise-browed motmot]], ''Eumomota superciliosa'' {{IUCN status|LC|22682992}}
*[[Turquoise-browed motmot]], ''Eumomota superciliosa'' {{IUCN status|LC|22682992}}
*[[Whooping motmot]], ''Momotus subrufescens'' {{IUCN status|LC|61634657}}
*[[Whooping motmot]], ''Momotus subrufescens'' {{IUCN status|LC|61634657}}
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==Kingfishers==
==Kingfishers==
[[File:Megaceryle alcyon femelle.jpg|thumb|right|[[Belted kingfisher]]]]
[[File:Megaceryle alcyon femelle.jpg|thumb|right|[[Belted kingfisher]]]]
'''Order''': [[Coraciiformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Alcedinidae]]
Order: [[Coraciiformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Alcedinidae]]


Kingfishers are medium-sized birds with large heads, long pointed bills, short legs and stubby tails.
Kingfishers are medium-sized birds with large heads, long pointed bills, short legs and stubby tails.
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==Bee-eaters==
==Bee-eaters==
'''Order''': [[Coraciiformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Meropidae]]
Order: [[Coraciiformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Meropidae]]


The bee-eaters are a group of [[near passerine]] birds in the family Meropidae. They are characterized by richly colored plumage, slender bodies and usually elongated central tail feathers. All are colorful and have long downturned bills and pointed wings, which give them a swallow-like appearance when seen from afar.
The bee-eaters are a group of [[near passerine]] birds in the family Meropidae. They are characterized by richly colored plumage, slender bodies and usually elongated central tail feathers. All are colorful and have long downturned bills and pointed wings, which give them a swallow-like appearance when seen from afar.
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==Puffbirds==
==Puffbirds==
[[File:Nystalus-radiatus-001.jpg|thumb|Barred puffbird]]
[[File:Nystalus-radiatus-001.jpg|thumb|Barred puffbird]]
'''Order''': [[Piciformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Bucconidae]]
Order: [[Piciformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Bucconidae]]


The puffbirds are related to the jacamars and have the same range, but lack the iridescent colors of that family. They are mainly brown, [[rufous]], or gray, with large heads and flattened bills with hooked tips. The loose abundant plumage and short tails makes them look stout and puffy, giving rise to the English common name of the family.
The puffbirds are related to the jacamars and have the same range, but lack the iridescent colors of that family. They are mainly brown, [[rufous]], or gray, with large heads and flattened bills with hooked tips. The loose abundant plumage and short tails makes them look stout and puffy, giving rise to the English common name of the family.
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==Jacamars==
==Jacamars==
[[File:ARIRAMBA-DE-CAUDA-RUIVA ( Galbula ruficauda ).jpg|thumb|[[Rufous-tailed jacamar]]]]
[[File:ARIRAMBA-DE-CAUDA-RUIVA ( Galbula ruficauda ).jpg|thumb|[[Rufous-tailed jacamar]]]]
'''Order''': [[Piciformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Galbulidae]]
Order: [[Piciformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Galbulidae]]


The jacamars are near passerine birds from tropical South America, with a range that extends up to Mexico. They feed on insects caught on the wing, and are glossy, elegant birds with long bills and tails. In appearance and behavior they resemble the Old World [[bee-eater]]s, although they are more closely related to puffbirds.
The jacamars are near passerine birds from tropical South America, with a range that extends up to Mexico. They feed on insects caught on the wing, and are glossy, elegant birds with long bills and tails. In appearance and behavior they resemble the Old World [[bee-eater]]s, although they are more closely related to puffbirds.
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*[[Great jacamar]], ''Jacamerops aureus'' {{IUCN status|LC|22682224}}
*[[Great jacamar]], ''Jacamerops aureus'' {{IUCN status|LC|22682224}}
*[[Rufous-tailed jacamar]], ''Galbula ruficauda'' {{IUCN status|LC|22682200}}
*[[Rufous-tailed jacamar]], ''Galbula ruficauda'' {{IUCN status|LC|22682200}}



==New World barbets==
==New World barbets==
'''Order''': [[Piciformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Capitonidae]]
Order: [[Piciformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Capitonidae]]


The barbets are plump birds, with short necks and large heads. They get their name from the bristles which fringe their heavy bills. Most species are brightly colored.
The barbets are plump birds, with short necks and large heads. They get their name from the bristles which fringe their heavy bills. Most species are brightly colored.
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==Toucan-barbets==
==Toucan-barbets==
'''Order''': [[Piciformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Semnornithidae]]
Order: [[Piciformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Semnornithidae]]


The toucan-barbets are birds of montane forests in the Neotropics. They are highly social and non-migratory.
The toucan-barbets are birds of montane forests in the Neotropics. They are highly social and non-migratory.
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==Toucans==
==Toucans==
[[File:Keel-billed toucan, costa rica.jpg|thumb|[[Keel-billed toucan]]]]
[[File:Keel-billed toucan, costa rica.jpg|thumb|[[Keel-billed toucan]]]]
'''Order''': [[Piciformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Ramphastidae]]
Order: [[Piciformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Ramphastidae]]


Toucans are near passerine birds from the [[Neotropics]]. They are brightly marked and have enormous, colorful bills which in some species amount to half their body length.
Toucans are near passerine birds from the [[Neotropics]]. They are brightly marked and have enormous, colorful bills which in some species amount to half their body length.
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==Woodpeckers==
==Woodpeckers==
[[Image:RedNapedSapsucker23.jpg|thumb|Red-naped sapsucker]]
[[Image:RedNapedSapsucker23.jpg|thumb|Red-naped sapsucker]]
'''Order''': [[Piciformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Picidae]]
Order: [[Piciformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Picidae]]


Woodpeckers are small to medium-sized birds with chisel-like beaks, short legs, stiff tails and long tongues used for capturing insects. Some species have feet with two toes pointing forward and two backward, while several species have only three toes. Many woodpeckers have the habit of tapping noisily on tree trunks with their beaks.
Woodpeckers are small to medium-sized birds with chisel-like beaks, short legs, stiff tails and long tongues used for capturing insects. Some species have feet with two toes pointing forward and two backward, while several species have only three toes. Many woodpeckers have the habit of tapping noisily on tree trunks with their beaks.
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==Falcons and caracaras==
==Falcons and caracaras==
[[Image:Americankestrel65.jpg|upright|thumb|right|American kestrel]]
[[Image:Americankestrel65.jpg|upright|thumb|right|American kestrel]]
'''Order''': [[Falconiformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Falconidae]]
Order: [[Falconiformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Falconidae]]


Falconidae is a family of diurnal birds of prey, notably the falcons and caracaras. They differ from hawks, eagles and kites in that they kill with their beaks instead of their talons.
Falconidae is a family of diurnal birds of prey, notably the falcons and caracaras. They differ from hawks, eagles and kites in that they kill with their beaks instead of their talons.
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==African and New World parrots==
==African and New World parrots==
[[File:Green Parakeet -in tree -South Texas-8.jpg|thumb|Green parakeet]]
[[File:Green Parakeet -in tree -South Texas-8.jpg|thumb|Green parakeet]]
*'''Order''': [[Psittaciformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[parrot|Psittacidae]]
*Order: [[Psittaciformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[parrot|Psittacidae]]


[[Parrot]]s are small to large birds with a characteristic curved beak. Their upper mandibles have slight mobility in the joint with the skull and they have a generally erect stance. All parrots are zygodactyl, having the four toes on each foot placed two at the front and two to the back.
[[Parrot]]s are small to large birds with a characteristic curved beak. Their upper mandibles have slight mobility in the joint with the skull and they have a generally erect stance. All parrots are zygodactyl, having the four toes on each foot placed two at the front and two to the back.
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*[[Scarlet macaw]], ''Ara macao'' {{IUCN status|LC|22685563}}
*[[Scarlet macaw]], ''Ara macao'' {{IUCN status|LC|22685563}}
*[[Scarlet-shouldered parrotlet]], ''Touit huetii'' {{IUCN status|VU|22686014}}
*[[Scarlet-shouldered parrotlet]], ''Touit huetii'' {{IUCN status|VU|22686014}}
*[[Socorro parakeet]], ''Psittacara brevipes''
*[[Socorro parakeet]], ''Psittacara brevipes''
*[[Spectacled parrotlet]], ''Forpus conspicillatus'' {{IUCN status|LC|22685937}}
*[[Spectacled parrotlet]], ''Forpus conspicillatus'' {{IUCN status|LC|22685937}}
*[[St. Lucia parrot]], ''Amazona versicolor'' {{IUCN status|VU|22686387}} {{ESA status|E}}
*[[St. Lucia parrot]], ''Amazona versicolor'' {{IUCN status|VU|22686387}} {{ESA status|E}}
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*[[Thick-billed parrot]], ''Rhynchopsitta pachyrhyncha'' {{IUCN status|EN|22685766}} {{ESA status|E}}
*[[Thick-billed parrot]], ''Rhynchopsitta pachyrhyncha'' {{IUCN status|EN|22685766}} {{ESA status|E}}
*[[White-crowned parrot]], ''Pionus senilis'' {{IUCN status|LC|22686192}}
*[[White-crowned parrot]], ''Pionus senilis'' {{IUCN status|LC|22686192}}
*[[White-eyed parakeet]], ''Psittacara leucophthalmus'' {{IUCN status|LC}}<ref>{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2016 |title=''Psittacara leucophthalmus'' |volume=2016 |page=e.T22685682A93083034 |access-date=15 October 2023}}</ref>
*[[White-fronted parrot]], ''Amazona albifrons'' {{IUCN status|LC|22686222}}
*[[White-fronted parrot]], ''Amazona albifrons'' {{IUCN status|LC|22686222}}
*[[White-winged parakeet]], ''Brotogeris versicolurus'' (I) {{IUCN status|LC|22685959}}
*[[White-winged parakeet]], ''Brotogeris versicolurus'' (I) {{IUCN status|LC|22685959}}
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==Old World parrots==
==Old World parrots==
'''Order''': [[Psittaciformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[parrot|Psittaculidae]]
Order: [[Psittaciformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[parrot|Psittaculidae]]


Characteristic features of parrots include a strong curved bill, an upright stance, strong legs, and clawed [[zygodactyl]] feet. Many parrots are vividly colored, and some are multi-colored. In size they range from {{convert|8|cm|in|1|abbr=on}} to {{convert|1|m|ft|1|abbr=on}} in length. Old World parrots are found from Africa east across south and southeast Asia and Oceania to Australia and New Zealand.
Characteristic features of parrots include a strong curved bill, an upright stance, strong legs, and clawed [[zygodactyl]] feet. Many parrots are vividly colored, and some are multi-colored. In size they range from {{convert|8|cm|in|1|abbr=on}} to {{convert|1|m|ft|1|abbr=on}} in length. Old World parrots are found from Africa east across south and southeast Asia and Oceania to Australia and New Zealand.
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==Sapayoa==
==Sapayoa==
'''Order''': [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Sapayoidae]]
Order: [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Sapayoidae]]


The sapayoa is the only member of its family, and is found in the lowland rainforests of Panama and north-western South America. It is usually seen in pairs or mixed-species flocks.
The sapayoa is the only member of its family, and is found in the lowland rainforests of Panama and north-western South America. It is usually seen in pairs or mixed-species flocks.
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==Typical antbirds==
==Typical antbirds==
[[File:Great Antshrike - Male.jpg|thumb|[[Great antshrike]]]]
[[File:Great Antshrike - Male.jpg|thumb|[[Great antshrike]]]]
'''Order''': [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Thamnophilidae]]
Order: [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Thamnophilidae]]


The antbirds are a large family of small passerine birds of subtropical and tropical Central and South America. They are forest birds which tend to feed on insects at or near the ground. A sizable minority of them specialize in following columns of [[army ant]]s to eat small invertebrates that leave their hiding places to flee from the ants. Many species lack bright color, with brown, black, and white being the dominant tones.
The antbirds are a large family of small passerine birds of subtropical and tropical Central and South America. They are forest birds which tend to feed on insects at or near the ground. A sizable minority of them specialize in following columns of [[army ant]]s to eat small invertebrates that leave their hiding places to flee from the ants. Many species lack bright color, with brown, black, and white being the dominant tones.
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*[[Bicolored antbird]], ''Gymnopithys leucaspis'' {{IUCN status|LC|22701872}}
*[[Bicolored antbird]], ''Gymnopithys leucaspis'' {{IUCN status|LC|22701872}}
*[[Black antshrike]], ''Thamnophilus nigriceps'' {{IUCN status|LC|22701296}}
*[[Black antshrike]], ''Thamnophilus nigriceps'' {{IUCN status|LC|22701296}}
*[[Black-crested antshrike]], ''Sakesphorus canadensis'' {{IUCN status|LC}}<ref>{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2016 |title=''Sakesphorus canadensis'' |volume=2016 |page=e.T103657712A93819991 |access-date=15 October 2023}}</ref>
*[[Black-crowned antshrike]], ''Thamnophilus atrinucha'' {{IUCN status|LC|22729060}}
*[[Black-crowned antshrike]], ''Thamnophilus atrinucha'' {{IUCN status|LC|22729060}}
*[[Black-hooded antshrike]], ''Thamnophilus bridgesi'' {{IUCN status|LC|22701293}}
*[[Black-hooded antshrike]], ''Thamnophilus bridgesi'' {{IUCN status|LC|22701293}}
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==Gnateaters==
==Gnateaters==
'''Order''': [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Conopophagidae]]
Order: [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Conopophagidae]]


The members of this small family are found across northern South America and into Central America. They are forest birds, usually seen on the ground or in the low understory.
The members of this small family are found across northern South America and into Central America. They are forest birds, usually seen on the ground or in the low understory.
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==Antpittas==
==Antpittas==
'''Order''': [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Grallariidae]]
Order: [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Grallariidae]]


Antpittas resemble the true [[pitta (bird)|pittas]] with strong, longish legs, very short tails, and stout bills.
Antpittas resemble the true [[pitta (bird)|pittas]] with strong, longish legs, very short tails, and stout bills.
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*[[Streak-chested antpitta]], ''Hylopezus perspicillatus'' {{IUCN status|LC|22703339}}
*[[Streak-chested antpitta]], ''Hylopezus perspicillatus'' {{IUCN status|LC|22703339}}
*[[Thicket antpitta]], ''Hylopezus dives'' {{IUCN status|LC|22729072}}
*[[Thicket antpitta]], ''Hylopezus dives'' {{IUCN status|LC|22729072}}



==Tapaculos==
==Tapaculos==
'''Order''': [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Rhinocryptidae]]
Order: [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Rhinocryptidae]]


The tapaculos are small [[suboscine]] passeriform birds with numerous species in South and Central America. They are terrestrial species that fly only poorly on their short wings. They have strong legs, well-suited to their habitat of grassland or forest undergrowth. The tail is cocked and pointed towards the head.
The tapaculos are small [[suboscine]] passeriform birds with numerous species in South and Central America. They are terrestrial species that fly only poorly on their short wings. They have strong legs, well-suited to their habitat of grassland or forest undergrowth. The tail is cocked and pointed towards the head.
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==Antthrushes==
==Antthrushes==
'''Order''': [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Formicariidae]]
Order: [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Formicariidae]]


Antthrushes resemble small rails with strong, longish legs, very short tails, and stout bills.
Antthrushes resemble small rails with strong, longish legs, very short tails, and stout bills.
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==Ovenbirds and woodcreepers==
==Ovenbirds and woodcreepers==
[[File:Cocoa Woodcreeper.jpg|thumb|[[Cocoa woodcreeper]]]]
[[File:Cocoa Woodcreeper.jpg|thumb|[[Cocoa woodcreeper]]]]
'''Order''': [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Furnariidae]]
Order: [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Furnariidae]]


Ovenbirds comprise a large family of small [[sub-oscine]] passerine bird species found in Central and South America. They are a diverse group of insectivores which gets its name from the elaborate "oven-like" clay nests built by some species, although others build stick nests or nest in tunnels or clefts in rock. The woodcreepers are brownish birds which maintain an upright vertical posture supported by their stiff tail vanes. They feed mainly on insects taken from tree trunks.
Ovenbirds comprise a large family of small [[sub-oscine]] passerine bird species found in Central and South America. They are a diverse group of insectivores which gets its name from the elaborate "oven-like" clay nests built by some species, although others build stick nests or nest in tunnels or clefts in rock. The woodcreepers are brownish birds which maintain an upright vertical posture supported by their stiff tail vanes. They feed mainly on insects taken from tree trunks.
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*[[Buff-throated foliage-gleaner]], ''Automolus ochrolaemus'' {{IUCN status|LC|22702910}}
*[[Buff-throated foliage-gleaner]], ''Automolus ochrolaemus'' {{IUCN status|LC|22702910}}
*[[Buffy tuftedcheek]], ''Pseudocolaptes lawrencii'' {{IUCN status|LC|22730346}}
*[[Buffy tuftedcheek]], ''Pseudocolaptes lawrencii'' {{IUCN status|LC|22730346}}
*[[Chiriqui foliage-gleaner]], ''Automolus exsertus''
*[[Chiriqui foliage-gleaner]], ''Automolus exsertus''
*[[Cocoa woodcreeper]], ''Xiphorhynchus susurrans'' {{IUCN status|LC|22729055}}
*[[Cocoa woodcreeper]], ''Xiphorhynchus susurrans'' {{IUCN status|LC|22729055}}
*[[Coiba spinetail]], ''Cranioleuca dissita'' {{IUCN status|LC|22702451A118637971}}
*[[Coiba spinetail]], ''Cranioleuca dissita'' {{IUCN status|LC|22702451A118637971}}
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==Manakins==
==Manakins==
'''Order''': [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Pipridae]]
Order: [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Pipridae]]


The manakins are a family of subtropical and tropical mainland Central and South America, and Trinidad and Tobago. They are compact forest birds, the males typically being brightly colored, although the females of most species are duller and usually green-plumaged. Manakins feed on small fruits, berries, and insects.
The manakins are a family of subtropical and tropical mainland Central and South America, and Trinidad and Tobago. They are compact forest birds, the males typically being brightly colored, although the females of most species are duller and usually green-plumaged. Manakins feed on small fruits, berries, and insects.
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==Cotingas==
==Cotingas==
'''Order''': [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Cotingidae]]
Order: [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Cotingidae]]


The cotingas are birds of forests or forest edges in tropical Central and South America. Comparatively little is known about this diverse group, although all have broad bills with hooked tips, rounded wings, and strong legs. The males of many of the species are brightly colored or decorated with plumes or wattles.
The cotingas are birds of forests or forest edges in tropical Central and South America. Comparatively little is known about this diverse group, although all have broad bills with hooked tips, rounded wings, and strong legs. The males of many of the species are brightly colored or decorated with plumes or wattles.


*[[Bare-necked umbrellabird]], ''Cephalopterus glabricollis'' {{IUCN status|EN|22700933}}
*[[Bare-necked umbrellabird]], ''Cephalopterus glabricollis'' {{IUCN status|EN|22700933}}
*[[Bearded bellbird]], ''Procnias averano'' {{IUCN status|LC}}<ref>{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2016 |title=''Procnias averano'' |volume=2016 |page=e.T22700965A93806811 |access-date=15 October 2023}}</ref>
*[[Black-tipped cotinga]], ''Carpodectes hopkei'' {{IUCN status|LC|22700910}}
*[[Black-tipped cotinga]], ''Carpodectes hopkei'' {{IUCN status|LC|22700910}}
*[[Blue cotinga]], ''Cotinga nattererii'' {{IUCN status|LC|22700877}}
*[[Blue cotinga]], ''Cotinga nattererii'' {{IUCN status|LC|22700877}}
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*[[Three-wattled bellbird]], ''Procnias tricarunculatus'' {{IUCN status|VU|22700946}}
*[[Three-wattled bellbird]], ''Procnias tricarunculatus'' {{IUCN status|VU|22700946}}
*[[Turquoise cotinga]], ''Cotinga ridgwayi'' {{IUCN status|VU|22700874}}
*[[Turquoise cotinga]], ''Cotinga ridgwayi'' {{IUCN status|VU|22700874}}
*[[White bellbird]], ''Procnias albus'' {{IUCN status|LC}}<ref>{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2016 |title=''Procnias albus'' |volume=2016 |page=e.T22700957A93806627 |access-date=15 October 2023}}</ref>
*[[Yellow-billed cotinga]], ''Carpodectes antoniae'' {{IUCN status|EN|22700907}}
*[[Yellow-billed cotinga]], ''Carpodectes antoniae'' {{IUCN status|EN|22700907}}


==Tityras and allies==
==Tityras and allies==
'''Order''': [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Tityridae]]
Order: [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Tityridae]]


Tityridae are [[suboscine]] passerine birds found in forest and woodland in the [[Neotropics]]. The species in this family were formerly spread over the families [[Tyrannidae]], [[Pipridae]], and [[Cotingidae]]. They are small to medium-sized birds. They do not have the sophisticated vocal capabilities of the songbirds. Most, but not all, have plain coloring.
Tityridae are [[suboscine]] passerine birds found in forest and woodland in the [[Neotropics]]. The species in this family were formerly spread over the families [[Tyrannidae]], [[Pipridae]], and [[Cotingidae]]. They are small to medium-sized birds. They do not have the sophisticated vocal capabilities of the songbirds. Most, but not all, have plain coloring.
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*[[Black-and-white becard]], ''Pachyramphus albogriseus'' {{IUCN status|LC|22700655}}
*[[Black-and-white becard]], ''Pachyramphus albogriseus'' {{IUCN status|LC|22700655}}
*[[Black-crowned tityra]], ''Tityra inquisitor'' {{IUCN status|LC|22700692}}
*[[Black-crowned tityra]], ''Tityra inquisitor'' {{IUCN status|LC|22700692}}
*[[Black-tailed tityra]], ''Tityra cayana'' {{IUCN status|LC}}<ref>{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International |date=2016 |title=''Tityra cayana'' |volume=2016 |page=e.T103676987A93792271 |access-date=15 October 2023}}</ref>
*[[Cinereous becard]], ''Pachyramphus rufus'' {{IUCN status|LC|22700664}}
*[[Cinereous becard]], ''Pachyramphus rufus'' {{IUCN status|LC|22700664}}
*[[Cinnamon becard]], ''Pachyramphus cinnamomeus'' {{IUCN status|LC|22700641}}
*[[Cinnamon becard]], ''Pachyramphus cinnamomeus'' {{IUCN status|LC|22700641}}
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==Sharpbill==
==Sharpbill==
'''Order''': [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Oxyruncidae]]
Order: [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Oxyruncidae]]


The sharpbill is a small bird of dense forests in Central and South America. It feeds mostly on fruit but also eats insects.
The sharpbill is a small bird of dense forests in Central and South America. It feeds mostly on fruit but also eats insects.
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==Royal flycatcher and allies==
==Royal flycatcher and allies==
'''Order''': [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Onychorhynchidae]]
Order: [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Onychorhynchidae]]


The members of this small family, created in 2018, were formerly considered to be tyrant flycatchers, family Tyrannidae.
The members of this small family, created in 2018, were formerly considered to be tyrant flycatchers, family Tyrannidae.
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* [[Sulphur-rumped flycatcher]], ''Myiobius sulphureipygius'' {{IUCN status|LC|22731699A95036934}}
* [[Sulphur-rumped flycatcher]], ''Myiobius sulphureipygius'' {{IUCN status|LC|22731699A95036934}}
* [[Tawny-breasted flycatcher]], ''Myiobius villosus'' {{IUCN status|LC|22699717A93744884}}
* [[Tawny-breasted flycatcher]], ''Myiobius villosus'' {{IUCN status|LC|22699717A93744884}}



==Tyrant flycatchers==
==Tyrant flycatchers==
[[File:Myiozetetes-similis-001.jpg|thumb|Great kiskadee]]
[[File:Myiozetetes-similis-001.jpg|thumb|Great kiskadee]]
'''Order''': [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Tyrannidae]]
Order: [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Tyrannidae]]


Tyrant flycatchers are Passerine birds which occur throughout North and South America. They superficially resemble the Old World flycatchers, but are more robust and have stronger bills. They do not have the sophisticated vocal capabilities of the songbirds. Most, but not all, are rather plain. As the name implies, most are insectivorous.
Tyrant flycatchers are Passerine birds which occur throughout North and South America. They superficially resemble the Old World flycatchers, but are more robust and have stronger bills. They do not have the sophisticated vocal capabilities of the songbirds. Most, but not all, are rather plain. As the name implies, most are insectivorous.
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*[[Cocos flycatcher]], ''Nesotriccus ridgwayi'' {{IUCN status|VU|22699191}}
*[[Cocos flycatcher]], ''Nesotriccus ridgwayi'' {{IUCN status|VU|22699191}}
*[[Common tody-flycatcher]], ''Todirostrum cinereum'' {{IUCN status|LC|22699027}}
*[[Common tody-flycatcher]], ''Todirostrum cinereum'' {{IUCN status|LC|22699027}}
⚫
*[[Cordilleran flycatcher]], ''Empidonax occidentalis'' {{IUCN status|LC|22699874}}
*[[Couch's kingbird]], ''Tyrannus couchii'' {{IUCN status|LC|22700488}}
*[[Couch's kingbird]], ''Tyrannus couchii'' {{IUCN status|LC|22700488}}
*[[Crowned slaty flycatcher]], ''Empidonomus aurantioatrocristatus'' (A) {{IUCN status|LC|22700523}}
*[[Crowned slaty flycatcher]], ''Empidonomus aurantioatrocristatus'' (A) {{IUCN status|LC|22700523}}
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*[[Olive-sided flycatcher]], ''Contopus cooperi'' {{IUCN status|NT|22699787}}
*[[Olive-sided flycatcher]], ''Contopus cooperi'' {{IUCN status|NT|22699787}}
*[[Olive-striped flycatcher]], ''Mionectes olivaceus'' {{IUCN status|LC|22698793}}
*[[Olive-striped flycatcher]], ''Mionectes olivaceus'' {{IUCN status|LC|22698793}}
*[[Pacific-slope flycatcher]], ''Empidonax difficilis'' {{IUCN status|LC|22699871}}
*[[Pale-eyed pygmy-tyrant]], ''Lophotriccus pilaris'' {{IUCN status|LC|22699574}}
*[[Pale-eyed pygmy-tyrant]], ''Lophotriccus pilaris'' {{IUCN status|LC|22699574}}
*[[Panama flycatcher]], ''Myiarchus panamensis'' {{IUCN status|LC|22700411}}
*[[Panama flycatcher]], ''Myiarchus panamensis'' {{IUCN status|LC|22700411}}
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*[[Variegated flycatcher]], ''Empidonomus varius'' (A) {{IUCN status|LC|22700520}}
*[[Variegated flycatcher]], ''Empidonomus varius'' (A) {{IUCN status|LC|22700520}}
*[[Vermilion flycatcher]], ''Pyrocephalus rubinus'' {{IUCN status|LC|22699895}}
*[[Vermilion flycatcher]], ''Pyrocephalus rubinus'' {{IUCN status|LC|22699895}}
⚫
*[[Western flycatcher]], ''Empidonax difficilis'' {{IUCN status|LC|22699871}}
*[[Western kingbird]], ''Tyrannus verticalis'' {{IUCN status|LC|22700497}}
*[[Western kingbird]], ''Tyrannus verticalis'' {{IUCN status|LC|22700497}}
*[[Western wood-pewee]], ''Contopus sordidulus'' {{IUCN status|LC|22699811}}
*[[Western wood-pewee]], ''Contopus sordidulus'' {{IUCN status|LC|22699811}}
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==Shrikes==
==Shrikes==
[[File:Lanius excubitor 1 (Marek Szczepanek).jpg|thumb|Northern shrike]]
[[File:Lanius excubitor 1 (Marek Szczepanek).jpg|thumb|Northern shrike]]
'''Order''': [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Laniidae]]
Order: [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Laniidae]]


Shrikes are passerine birds known for their habit of catching other birds and small animals and impaling the uneaten portions of their bodies on thorns. A shrike's beak is hooked, like that of a typical bird of prey.
Shrikes are passerine birds known for their habit of catching other birds and small animals and impaling the uneaten portions of their bodies on thorns. A shrike's beak is hooked, like that of a typical bird of prey.
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==Vireos, shrike-babblers, and erpornis==
==Vireos, shrike-babblers, and erpornis==
[[File:Vireo-flavifrons-001.jpg|thumb|right|[[Yellow-throated vireo]]]]
[[File:Vireo-flavifrons-001.jpg|thumb|right|[[Yellow-throated vireo]]]]
'''Order''': [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Vireonidae]]
Order: [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Vireonidae]]


The vireos are a group of small to medium-sized passerine birds. They are typically greenish in color and resemble wood warblers apart from their heavier bills.
The vireos are a group of small to medium-sized passerine birds. They are typically greenish in color and resemble wood warblers apart from their heavier bills.
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==Crows, jays, and magpies==
==Crows, jays, and magpies==
[[File:ClarksNutcracker23.jpg|upright|thumb|Clark's nutcracker]]
[[File:ClarksNutcracker23.jpg|upright|thumb|Clark's nutcracker]]
'''Order''': [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Corvidae]]
Order: [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Corvidae]]


The family Corvidae includes crows, ravens, jays, choughs, magpies, treepies, nutcrackers and ground jays. Corvids are above average in size among the Passeriformes, and some of the larger species show high levels of intelligence.
The family Corvidae includes crows, ravens, jays, choughs, magpies, treepies, nutcrackers and ground jays. Corvids are above average in size among the Passeriformes, and some of the larger species show high levels of intelligence.
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==Larks==
==Larks==
'''Order''': [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Alaudidae]]
Order: [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Alaudidae]]


Larks are small terrestrial birds with often extravagant songs and display flights. Most larks are fairly dull in appearance. Their food is insects and seeds.
Larks are small terrestrial birds with often extravagant songs and display flights. Most larks are fairly dull in appearance. Their food is insects and seeds.
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==Swallows==
==Swallows==
[[File:PurpleMartin cajay.jpg|thumb|right|[[Purple martin]]]]
[[File:PurpleMartin cajay.jpg|thumb|right|[[Purple martin]]]]
'''Order''': [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Hirundinidae]]
Order: [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Hirundinidae]]


The family Hirundinidae is adapted to aerial feeding. They have a slender streamlined body, long pointed wings and a short bill with a wide gape. The feet are adapted to perching rather than walking, and the front toes are partially joined at the base.
The family Hirundinidae is adapted to aerial feeding. They have a slender streamlined body, long pointed wings and a short bill with a wide gape. The feet are adapted to perching rather than walking, and the front toes are partially joined at the base.
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==Tits, chickadees, and titmice==
==Tits, chickadees, and titmice==
'''Order''': [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Paridae]]
Order: [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Paridae]]


The Paridae are mainly small stocky woodland species with short stout bills. Some have crests. They are adaptable birds, with a mixed diet including seeds and insects.
The Paridae are mainly small stocky woodland species with short stout bills. Some have crests. They are adaptable birds, with a mixed diet including seeds and insects.
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==Penduline-tits==
==Penduline-tits==
'''Order''': [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Remizidae]]
Order: [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Remizidae]]


The penduline-tits are a family of small [[perching bird|passerine]] birds, related to the true [[tit (bird)|tits]]. The verdin is the only North American representative of its family.
The penduline-tits are a family of small [[perching bird|passerine]] birds, related to the true [[tit (bird)|tits]]. The verdin is the only North American representative of its family.
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==Long-tailed tits==
==Long-tailed tits==
'''Order''': [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Aegithalidae]]
Order: [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Aegithalidae]]


The long-tailed tits are a family of small [[perching bird|passerine]] birds. Their plumage is typically dull gray or brown in color. There is only one North American representative of this primarily [[Palearctic]] family.
The long-tailed tits are a family of small [[perching bird|passerine]] birds. Their plumage is typically dull gray or brown in color. There is only one North American representative of this primarily [[Palearctic]] family.
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==Nuthatches==
==Nuthatches==
'''Order''': [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Sittidae]]
Order: [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Sittidae]]


Nuthatches are small woodland birds. They have the unusual ability to climb down trees head first, unlike other birds which can only go upwards. Nuthatches have big heads, short tails and powerful bills and feet.
Nuthatches are small woodland birds. They have the unusual ability to climb down trees head first, unlike other birds which can only go upwards. Nuthatches have big heads, short tails and powerful bills and feet.
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==Treecreepers ==
==Treecreepers ==
'''Order''': [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Certhiidae]]
Order: [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Certhiidae]]


Treecreepers are small woodland birds, brown above and white below. They have thin pointed down-curved bills, which they use to extricate insects from bark. They have stiff tail feathers, like woodpeckers, which they use to support themselves on vertical trees.
Treecreepers are small woodland birds, brown above and white below. They have thin pointed down-curved bills, which they use to extricate insects from bark. They have stiff tail feathers, like woodpeckers, which they use to support themselves on vertical trees.
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==Wrens==
==Wrens==
'''Order''': [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Troglodytidae]]
Order: [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Troglodytidae]]


Wrens are small and inconspicuous birds, except for their loud songs. They have short wings and thin down-turned bills. Several species often hold their tails upright. All are insectivorous.
Wrens are small and inconspicuous birds, except for their loud songs. They have short wings and thin down-turned bills. Several species often hold their tails upright. All are insectivorous.
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==Gnatcatchers==
==Gnatcatchers==
'''Order''': [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Polioptilidae]]
Order: [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Polioptilidae]]


These dainty birds resemble [[Old World warblers]] in their build and habits, moving restlessly through the foliage seeking insects. The gnatcatchers and gnatwrens are mainly soft bluish gray in color and have the typical insectivore's long sharp bill. They are birds of fairly open woodland or scrub, which nest in bushes or trees.
These dainty birds resemble [[Old World warblers]] in their build and habits, moving restlessly through the foliage seeking insects. The gnatcatchers and gnatwrens are mainly soft bluish gray in color and have the typical insectivore's long sharp bill. They are birds of fairly open woodland or scrub, which nest in bushes or trees.
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*[[Slate-throated gnatcatcher]], ''Polioptila schistaceigula'' {{IUCN status|LC|22711611}}
*[[Slate-throated gnatcatcher]], ''Polioptila schistaceigula'' {{IUCN status|LC|22711611}}
*[[Tawny-faced gnatwren]], ''Microbates cinereiventris'' {{IUCN status|LC|22711574}}
*[[Tawny-faced gnatwren]], ''Microbates cinereiventris'' {{IUCN status|LC|22711574}}
*[[White-browed gnatcatcher]], ''Polioptila bilineata''
*[[White-browed gnatcatcher]], ''Polioptila bilineata''
*[[White-lored gnatcatcher]], ''Polioptila albiloris'' {{IUCN status|LC|22711597}}
*[[White-lored gnatcatcher]], ''Polioptila albiloris'' {{IUCN status|LC|22711597}}
*[[Yucatan gnatcatcher]], ''Polioptila albiventris''
*[[Yucatan gnatcatcher]], ''Polioptila albiventris''


==Dippers==
==Dippers==
'''Order''': [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Cinclidae]]
Order: [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Cinclidae]]


They are named for their bobbing or dipping movements. They are unique among passerines for their ability to dive and swim underwater.
They are named for their bobbing or dipping movements. They are unique among passerines for their ability to dive and swim underwater.
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==Bulbuls==
==Bulbuls==
'''Order''': [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[bulbul|Pycnonotidae]]
Order: [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[bulbul|Pycnonotidae]]


The bulbuls are a family of medium-sized passerine songbirds native to [[Africa]] and tropical [[Asia]]. These are noisy and gregarious birds with often beautiful striking songs.
The bulbuls are a family of medium-sized passerine songbirds native to [[Africa]] and tropical [[Asia]]. These are noisy and gregarious birds with often beautiful striking songs.
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==Kinglets==
==Kinglets==
'''Order''': [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Regulidae]]
Order: [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Regulidae]]


The kinglets are a small family of birds which resemble the titmice. They are very small insectivorous birds in the genus ''Regulus''. The adults have colored crowns, giving rise to their name.
The kinglets are a small family of birds which resemble the titmice. They are very small insectivorous birds in the genus ''Regulus''. The adults have colored crowns, giving rise to their name.
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==Leaf warblers==
==Leaf warblers==
'''Order''': [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Phylloscopidae]]
Order: [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Phylloscopidae]]


Leaf warblers are a family of small insectivorous birds found mostly in Eurasia and ranging into [[Wallacea]] and Africa. The Arctic warbler breeds east into Alaska. The species are of various sizes, often green-plumaged above and yellow below, or more subdued with grayish-green to grayish-brown colors.
Leaf warblers are a family of small insectivorous birds found mostly in Eurasia and ranging into [[Wallacea]] and Africa. The Arctic warbler breeds east into Alaska. The species are of various sizes, often green-plumaged above and yellow below, or more subdued with grayish-green to grayish-brown colors.
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==Sylviid warblers, parrotbills, and allies==
==Sylviid warblers, parrotbills, and allies==
'''Order''': [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Sylviidae]]
Order: [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Sylviidae]]


The family Sylviidae is a group of small insectivorous passerine birds. They mainly occur as breeding species, as the common name implies, in Europe, Asia and, to a lesser extent, Africa. Most are of generally undistinguished appearance, but many have distinctive songs.
The family Sylviidae is a group of small insectivorous passerine birds. They mainly occur as breeding species, as the common name implies, in Europe, Asia and, to a lesser extent, Africa. Most are of generally undistinguished appearance, but many have distinctive songs.
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==Reed warblers and allies==
==Reed warblers and allies==
'''Order''': [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Acrocephalidae]]
Order: [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Acrocephalidae]]


The members of this family are usually rather large for "warblers". Most are rather plain olivaceous brown above with much yellow to beige below. They are usually found in open woodland, reedbeds, or tall grass. The family occurs mostly in southern to western Eurasia and surroundings, but also ranges far into the Pacific, with some species in Africa.
The members of this family are usually rather large for "warblers". Most are rather plain olivaceous brown above with much yellow to beige below. They are usually found in open woodland, reedbeds, or tall grass. The family occurs mostly in southern to western Eurasia and surroundings, but also ranges far into the Pacific, with some species in Africa.
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*[[Blyth's reed warbler]], ''Acrocephalus dumetorum'' (A) {{IUCN status|LC|22714736A111098258}}
*[[Blyth's reed warbler]], ''Acrocephalus dumetorum'' (A) {{IUCN status|LC|22714736A111098258}}
*[[Sedge warbler]], ''Acrocephalus schoenobaenus'' (A) {{IUCN status|LC|22714700A87569807}}
*[[Sedge warbler]], ''Acrocephalus schoenobaenus'' (A) {{IUCN status|LC|22714700A87569807}}
*[[Icterine warbler]], ''Acrocephalus icterina'' (A) LC
*[[Thick-billed warbler]], ''Arundinax aedon'' (A) {{IUCN status|LC|22714871A94431231}}
*[[Thick-billed warbler]], ''Arundinax aedon'' (A) {{IUCN status|LC|22714871A94431231}}



==Donacobius==
==Donacobius==
'''Order''': [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Donacobiidae]]
Order: [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Donacobiidae]]


The black-capped donacobius is found in wet habitats from Panama across northern South America and east of the Andes to Argentina and Paraguay
The black-capped donacobius is found in wet habitats from Panama across northern South America and east of the Andes to Argentina and Paraguay
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==Grassbirds and allies==
==Grassbirds and allies==
'''Order''': [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Locustellidae]]
Order: [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Locustellidae]]


Locustellidae are a family of small insectivorous songbirds found mainly in Eurasia, Africa, and the Australian region. They are smallish birds with tails that are usually long and pointed, and tend to be drab brownish or buffy all over.
Locustellidae are a family of small insectivorous songbirds found mainly in Eurasia, Africa, and the Australian region. They are smallish birds with tails that are usually long and pointed, and tend to be drab brownish or buffy all over.
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==Old World flycatchers==
==Old World flycatchers==
'''Order''': [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Muscicapidae]]
Order: [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Muscicapidae]]


This a large family of small passerine birds found mostly in the Old World. All but two of the species below occur in North America only as vagrants. The appearance of these birds is highly varied, but they mostly have weak songs and harsh calls.
This a large family of small passerine birds found mostly in the Old World. All but two of the species below occur in North America only as vagrants. The appearance of these birds is highly varied, but they mostly have weak songs and harsh calls.
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==Thrushes and allies==
==Thrushes and allies==
[[File:WesternBluebird23.jpg|thumb|right|Western bluebird]]
[[File:WesternBluebird23.jpg|thumb|right|Western bluebird]]
'''Order''': [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Turdidae]]
Order: [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Turdidae]]


The thrushes are a group of passerine birds that occur mainly but not exclusively in the Old World. They are plump, soft plumaged, small to medium-sized insectivores or sometimes omnivores, often feeding on the ground. Many have attractive songs.
The thrushes are a group of passerine birds that occur mainly but not exclusively in the Old World. They are plump, soft plumaged, small to medium-sized insectivores or sometimes omnivores, often feeding on the ground. Many have attractive songs.
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==Mockingbirds and thrashers==
==Mockingbirds and thrashers==
'''Order''': [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Mimidae]]
Order: [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Mimidae]]


The mimids are a family of passerine birds which includes thrashers, mockingbirds, tremblers and the New World catbirds. These birds are notable for their vocalization, especially their remarkable ability to mimic a wide variety of birds and other sounds heard outdoors. The species tend towards dull grays and browns in their appearance.
The mimids are a family of passerine birds which includes thrashers, mockingbirds, tremblers and the New World catbirds. These birds are notable for their vocalization, especially their remarkable ability to mimic a wide variety of birds and other sounds heard outdoors. The species tend towards dull grays and browns in their appearance.
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==Starlings==
==Starlings==
'''Order''': [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Sturnidae]]
Order: [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Sturnidae]]


Starlings and mynas are small to medium-sized Old World passerine birds with strong feet. Their flight is strong and direct and most are very gregarious. Their preferred habitat is fairly open country, and they eat insects and fruit. The plumage of several species is dark with a metallic sheen.
Starlings and mynas are small to medium-sized Old World passerine birds with strong feet. Their flight is strong and direct and most are very gregarious. Their preferred habitat is fairly open country, and they eat insects and fruit. The plumage of several species is dark with a metallic sheen.
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==Waxwings==
==Waxwings==
'''Order''': [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Bombycillidae]]
Order: [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Bombycillidae]]


The waxwings are a group of birds with soft silky plumage and unique red tips to some of the wing feathers. In the Bohemian and cedar waxwings, these tips look like [[sealing wax]] and give the group its name. These are arboreal birds of northern forests. They live on insects in summer and berries in winter.
The waxwings are a group of birds with soft silky plumage and unique red tips to some of the wing feathers. In the Bohemian and cedar waxwings, these tips look like [[sealing wax]] and give the group its name. These are arboreal birds of northern forests. They live on insects in summer and berries in winter.
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==Silky-flycatchers==
==Silky-flycatchers==
'''Order''': [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Ptiliogonatidae]]
Order: [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Ptiliogonatidae]]


The silky-flycatchers are a small family of passerine birds which occur mainly in [[Central America]]. They are related to [[waxwing]]s, and like that group, have soft silky plumage, usually gray or pale-yellow.
The silky-flycatchers are a small family of passerine birds which occur mainly in [[Central America]]. They are related to [[waxwing]]s, and like that group, have soft silky plumage, usually gray or pale-yellow.
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==Palmchat==
==Palmchat==
'''Order''': [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Dulidae]]
Order: [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Dulidae]]


The palmchat is the only member of its family. Its name indicates its strong association with palms for feeding, roosting, and nesting.
The palmchat is the only member of its family. Its name indicates its strong association with palms for feeding, roosting, and nesting.
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==Olive warbler==
==Olive warbler==
'''Order''': [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Peucedramidae]]
Order: [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Peucedramidae]]


The olive warbler is the only representative of its family. It was formally classified with the [[Parulidae]], but DNA studies warrant its classification in a distinct family.
The olive warbler is the only representative of its family. It was formally classified with the [[Parulidae]], but DNA studies warrant its classification in a distinct family.
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==Accentors==
==Accentors==
'''Order''': [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Prunellidae]]
Order: [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Prunellidae]]


The accentors are small, fairly drab birds with thin sharp bills superficially similar, but unrelated to, sparrows. They are endemic to the [[Palearctic]] and only appear in North America as a vagrant.
The accentors are small, fairly drab birds with thin sharp bills superficially similar, but unrelated to, sparrows. They are endemic to the [[Palearctic]] and only appear in North America as a vagrant.
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==Weavers and allies==
==Weavers and allies==
'''Order''': [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Ploceidae]]
Order: [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Ploceidae]]


The weavers are small passerine birds related to the [[finch]]es. They are seed-eating birds with rounded conical bills. The males of many species are brightly colored, usually in red or yellow and black, though some species show variation in color only in the breeding season.
The weavers are small passerine birds related to the [[finch]]es. They are seed-eating birds with rounded conical bills. The males of many species are brightly colored, usually in red or yellow and black, though some species show variation in color only in the breeding season.
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==Indigobirds==
==Indigobirds==
'''Order''': [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Viduidae]]
Order: [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Viduidae]]


The indigobirds are finch-like species which usually have black or indigo predominating in their plumage. All are [[brood parasite]]s, which lay their eggs in the nests of [[estrildid finch]]es
The indigobirds are finch-like species which usually have black or indigo predominating in their plumage. All are [[brood parasite]]s, which lay their eggs in the nests of [[estrildid finch]]es
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==Waxbills and allies==
==Waxbills and allies==
'''Order''': [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Estrildidae]]
Order: [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Estrildidae]]


The estrildid finches are small passerine birds native to the Old World tropics. They are gregarious and often colonial seed eaters with short thick but pointed bills. They are all similar in structure and habits, but have wide variation in plumage colors and patterns.
The estrildid finches are small passerine birds native to the Old World tropics. They are gregarious and often colonial seed eaters with short thick but pointed bills. They are all similar in structure and habits, but have wide variation in plumage colors and patterns.
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==Old World sparrows==
==Old World sparrows==
'''Order''': [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Passeridae]]
Order: [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Passeridae]]


Old World sparrows are small passerine birds. In general, sparrows tend to be small plump brownish or grayish birds with short tails and short powerful beaks. Sparrows are seed eaters, but they also consume small insects.
Old World sparrows are small passerine birds. In general, sparrows tend to be small plump brownish or grayish birds with short tails and short powerful beaks. Sparrows are seed eaters, but they also consume small insects.
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==Wagtails and pipits==
==Wagtails and pipits==
'''Order''': [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Motacillidae]]
Order: [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Motacillidae]]


Motacillidae is a family of small passerine birds with medium to long tails. They include the wagtails, longclaws and pipits. They are slender, ground feeding insectivores of open country.
Motacillidae is a family of small passerine birds with medium to long tails. They include the wagtails, longclaws and pipits. They are slender, ground feeding insectivores of open country.
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*[[American pipit]], ''Anthus rubescens'' {{IUCN status|LC|22718575}}
*[[American pipit]], ''Anthus rubescens'' {{IUCN status|LC|22718575}}
*[[Citrine wagtail]], ''Motacilla citreola'' (A) {{IUCN status|LC|22718379}}
*[[Citrine wagtail]], ''Motacilla citreola'' (A) {{IUCN status|LC|22718379}}
*[[Eastern yellow wagtail]], ''Motacilla tschutschensis'' {{IUCN status|LC|22718385}}
*[[Eastern yellow wagtail]], ''Motacilla tschutschensis'' {{IUCN status|LC|22718385}}
*[[Gray wagtail]], ''Motacilla cinerea'' (A) {{IUCN status|LC|22718392}}
*[[Gray wagtail]], ''Motacilla cinerea'' (A) {{IUCN status|LC|22718392}}
*[[Meadow pipit]], ''Anthus pratensis'' {{IUCN status|NT|22718556}}
*[[Meadow pipit]], ''Anthus pratensis'' {{IUCN status|NT|22718556}}
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==Finches, euphonias, and allies==
==Finches, euphonias, and allies==
[[File:GreyCrownRosyfinch23.jpg|thumb|Gray-crowned rosy-finch]]
[[File:GreyCrownRosyfinch23.jpg|thumb|Gray-crowned rosy-finch]]
'''Order''': [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Fringillidae]]
Order: [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Fringillidae]]


Finches are seed-eating passerine birds, that are small to moderately large and have a strong beak, usually conical and in some species very large. All have twelve tail feathers and nine primaries. These birds have a bouncing flight with alternating bouts of flapping and gliding on closed wings, and most sing well.
Finches are seed-eating passerine birds, that are small to moderately large and have a strong beak, usually conical and in some species very large. All have twelve tail feathers and nine primaries. These birds have a bouncing flight with alternating bouts of flapping and gliding on closed wings, and most sing well.
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{{colbegin}}
{{colbegin}}
*[[American goldfinch]], ''Spinus tristis'' {{IUCN status|LC|22720407}}
*[[American goldfinch]], ''Spinus tristis'' {{IUCN status|LC|22720407}}
⚫
*[[Antillean euphonia]], ''Chlorophonia musica'' {{IUCN status|LC|22722738}}
*[[Antillean siskin]], ''Spinus dominicensis'' {{IUCN status|LC|22720416}}
*[[Antillean siskin]], ''Spinus dominicensis'' {{IUCN status|LC|22720416}}
*[[Asian rosy finch|Asian rosy-finch]], (A) ''Leucosticte arctoa'' {{IUCN status|LC|22720477A132140770}}
*[[Asian rosy finch|Asian rosy-finch]], (A) ''Leucosticte arctoa'' {{IUCN status|LC|22720477A132140770}}
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*[[Hawfinch]], ''Coccothraustes coccothraustes'' (A) {{IUCN status|LC|22720681}}
*[[Hawfinch]], ''Coccothraustes coccothraustes'' (A) {{IUCN status|LC|22720681}}
*[[Hispaniolan crossbill]], ''Loxia megaplaga'' {{IUCN status|EN|22720651}}
*[[Hispaniolan crossbill]], ''Loxia megaplaga'' {{IUCN status|EN|22720651}}
*[[Hispaniolan euphonia]], ''Chlorophonia musica'' {{IUCN status|LC|22722738}}
*[[Hoary redpoll]], ''Acanthis hornemanni''
*[[Hoary redpoll]], ''Acanthis hornemanni''
*[[Hooded grosbeak]], ''Coccothraustes abeillei'' {{IUCN status|LC|22720712}}
*[[Hooded grosbeak]], ''Coccothraustes abeillei'' {{IUCN status|LC|22720712}}
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*[[Jamaican euphonia]], ''Euphonia jamaica'' {{IUCN status|LC|22722694}}
*[[Jamaican euphonia]], ''Euphonia jamaica'' {{IUCN status|LC|22722694}}
*[[Lawrence's goldfinch]], ''Spinus lawrencei'' {{IUCN status|LC|22720413}}
*[[Lawrence's goldfinch]], ''Spinus lawrencei'' {{IUCN status|LC|22720413}}
*[[Lesser Antillean euphonia]], ''Chlorophonia flavifrons'' }
*[[Lesser goldfinch]], ''Spinus psaltria'' {{IUCN status|LC|22720410}}
*[[Lesser goldfinch]], ''Spinus psaltria'' {{IUCN status|LC|22720410}}
*[[Lesser redpoll]], ''Acanthis cabaret'' (A)
*[[Lesser redpoll]], ''Acanthis cabaret'' (A)
*[[Olive-backed euphonia]], ''Euphonia gouldi'' {{IUCN status|LC|22722750}}
*[[Olive-backed euphonia]], ''Euphonia gouldi'' {{IUCN status|LC|22722750}}
*[[Orange-bellied euphonia]], ''Euphonia xanthogaster'' {{IUCN status|LC|22722766}}
*[[Orange-bellied euphonia]], ''Euphonia xanthogaster'' {{IUCN status|LC|22722766}}
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*[[Pine grosbeak]], ''Pinicola enucleator'' {{IUCN status|LC|22720625}}
*[[Pine grosbeak]], ''Pinicola enucleator'' {{IUCN status|LC|22720625}}
*[[Pine siskin]], ''Spinus pinus'' {{IUCN status|LC|22720359}}
*[[Pine siskin]], ''Spinus pinus'' {{IUCN status|LC|22720359}}
*[[Puerto Rican euphonia]], ''Chlorophonia sclateri'' }
*[[Purple finch]], ''Haemorhous purpureus'' {{IUCN status|LC|22720553}}
*[[Purple finch]], ''Haemorhous purpureus'' {{IUCN status|LC|22720553}}
*[[Red crossbill]], ''Loxia curvirostra'' {{IUCN status|LC|22720646}}
*[[Red crossbill]], ''Loxia curvirostra'' {{IUCN status|LC|22720646}}
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*[[Tawny-capped euphonia]], ''Euphonia anneae'' {{IUCN status|LC|22722763}}
*[[Tawny-capped euphonia]], ''Euphonia anneae'' {{IUCN status|LC|22722763}}
*[[Thick-billed euphonia]], ''Euphonia laniirostris'' {{IUCN status|LC|22722724}}
*[[Thick-billed euphonia]], ''Euphonia laniirostris'' {{IUCN status|LC|22722724}}
*[[West Mexican euphonia]], ''Euphonia godmani''
*[[West Mexican euphonia]], ''Euphonia godmani''
*[[White-vented euphonia]], ''Euphonia minuta'' {{IUCN status|LC|22722760}}
*[[White-vented euphonia]], ''Euphonia minuta'' {{IUCN status|LC|22722760}}
*[[White-winged crossbill]], ''Loxia leucoptera'' {{IUCN status|LC|22728944}}
*[[White-winged crossbill]], ''Loxia leucoptera'' {{IUCN status|LC|22728944}}
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==Longspurs and snow buntings==
==Longspurs and snow buntings==
'''Order''': [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Calcariidae]]
Order: [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Calcariidae]]


The Calcariidae are a group of passerine birds that have been traditionally grouped with the Emberizeridae (New World sparrows), but differ in a number of respects and are usually found in open grassy areas.
The Calcariidae are a group of passerine birds that have been traditionally grouped with the Emberizeridae (New World sparrows), but differ in a number of respects and are usually found in open grassy areas.
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==Thrush-tanager==
==Thrush-tanager==
'''Order''': [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Rhodinocichlidae]]
Order: [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Rhodinocichlidae]]


This species was historically placed in family Thraupidae. It was placed in its own family in 2017.
This species was historically placed in family Thraupidae. It was placed in its own family in 2017.
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==Old World buntings==
==Old World buntings==
'''Order''': [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Emberizidae]]
Order: [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Emberizidae]]


Emberizidae is a family of passerine birds containing a single genus. Until 2017, the New World sparrows (Passerellidae) were also considered part of this family.
Emberizidae is a family of passerine birds containing a single genus. Until 2017, the New World sparrows (Passerellidae) were also considered part of this family.
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==New World sparrows==
==New World sparrows==
[[File:Eastern Towhee-27527-2.jpg|thumb|Eastern towhee]]
[[File:Eastern Towhee-27527-2.jpg|thumb|Eastern towhee]]
'''Order''': [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Passerellidae]]
Order: [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Passerellidae]]


Until 2017, these species were considered part of the family Emberizidae. Most of the species are known as sparrows, but these birds are not closely related to the Old World sparrows which are in the family Passeridae. Many of these have distinctive head patterns.
Until 2017, these species were considered part of the family Emberizidae. Most of the species are known as sparrows, but these birds are not closely related to the Old World sparrows which are in the family Passeridae. Many of these have distinctive head patterns.
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*[[Brewer's sparrow]], ''Spizella breweri'' {{IUCN status|LC|22734705}}
*[[Brewer's sparrow]], ''Spizella breweri'' {{IUCN status|LC|22734705}}
*[[Bridled sparrow]], ''Peucaea mystacalis'' {{IUCN status|LC|22721208}}
*[[Bridled sparrow]], ''Peucaea mystacalis'' {{IUCN status|LC|22721208}}
*[[Cabanis's ground-sparrow]], ''Melozone cabanisi''
*[[Cabanis's ground-sparrow]], ''Melozone cabanisi''
*[[California towhee]], ''Melozone crissalis'' {{IUCN status|LC|22721323}} (ssp. ''eremophilus'': {{ESA status|T}})
*[[California towhee]], ''Melozone crissalis'' {{IUCN status|LC|22721323}} (ssp. ''eremophilus'': {{ESA status|T}})
*[[Canyon towhee]], ''Melozone fusca'' {{IUCN status|LC|22721331}}
*[[Canyon towhee]], ''Melozone fusca'' {{IUCN status|LC|22721331}}
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*[[White-crowned sparrow]], ''Zonotrichia leucophrys'' {{IUCN status|LC|22721088}}
*[[White-crowned sparrow]], ''Zonotrichia leucophrys'' {{IUCN status|LC|22721088}}
*[[White-eared ground-sparrow]], ''Melozone leucotis'' {{IUCN status|LC|22721362}}
*[[White-eared ground-sparrow]], ''Melozone leucotis'' {{IUCN status|LC|22721362}}
*[[White-faced ground-sparrow]], ''Melozone biarcuata''
*[[White-faced ground-sparrow]], ''Melozone biarcuata''
*[[White-naped brushfinch]], ''Atlapetes albinucha'' {{IUCN status|LC|22734026}}
*[[White-naped brushfinch]], ''Atlapetes albinucha'' {{IUCN status|LC|22734026}}
*[[White-throated sparrow]], ''Zonotrichia albicollis'' {{IUCN status|LC|22721085}}
*[[White-throated sparrow]], ''Zonotrichia albicollis'' {{IUCN status|LC|22721085}}
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==Chat-tanagers==
==Chat-tanagers==
'''Order''': [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Calyptophilidae]]
Order: [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Calyptophilidae]]


These two species were formerly classified as tanagers (family Thraupidae) but were placed in their own family in 2017.
These two species were formerly classified as tanagers (family Thraupidae) but were placed in their own family in 2017.
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*[[Eastern chat-tanager]], ''Calyptophilus frugivorus'' {{IUCN status|NT|22722307}}
*[[Eastern chat-tanager]], ''Calyptophilus frugivorus'' {{IUCN status|NT|22722307}}
*[[Western chat-tanager]], ''Calyptophilus tertius'' {{IUCN status|VU|22729082A119452615}}
*[[Western chat-tanager]], ''Calyptophilus tertius'' {{IUCN status|VU|22729082A119452615}}



==Hispaniolan tanagers==
==Hispaniolan tanagers==
'''Order''': [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Phaenicophilidae]]
Order: [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Phaenicophilidae]]


The members of this small family were formerly classified as tanagers and New World warblers (family Parulidae) but were placed in their own family in 2017.
The members of this small family were formerly classified as tanagers and New World warblers (family Parulidae) but were placed in their own family in 2017.
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*[[Grey-crowned tanager|Gray-crowned palm-tanager]], ''Phaenicophilus poliocephalus'' {{IUCN status|NT|22722301}}
*[[Grey-crowned tanager|Gray-crowned palm-tanager]], ''Phaenicophilus poliocephalus'' {{IUCN status|NT|22722301}}
*[[White-winged warbler]], ''Xenoligea montana'' {{IUCN status|VU|22722076}}
*[[White-winged warbler]], ''Xenoligea montana'' {{IUCN status|VU|22722076}}



==Puerto Rican tanager==
==Puerto Rican tanager==
'''Order''': [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Nesospingidae]]
Order: [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Nesospingidae]]


This species was formerly classified as a tanager (family Thraupidae) but was placed in its own family in 2017.
This species was formerly classified as a tanager (family Thraupidae) but was placed in its own family in 2017.
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==Spindalises==
==Spindalises==
'''Order''': [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Spindalidae]]
Order: [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Spindalidae]]


The members of this small family are native to the [[Greater Antilles]]. They were formerly classified as tanagers but were placed in their own family in 2017.
The members of this small family are native to the [[Greater Antilles]]. They were formerly classified as tanagers but were placed in their own family in 2017.
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==Wrenthrush==
==Wrenthrush==
'''Order''': [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Zeledoniidae]]
Order: [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Zeledoniidae]]


Despite its name, this species is neither a wren nor a thrush, and is not closely related to either family. It was moved from the wood-warblers (Parulidae) and placed in its own family in 2017.
Despite its name, this species is neither a wren nor a thrush, and is not closely related to either family. It was moved from the wood-warblers (Parulidae) and placed in its own family in 2017.
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==Cuban warblers==
==Cuban warblers==
[[File:Oriente warbler (Teretistris fornsi).JPG|thumb|Oriente warbler]]
[[File:Oriente warbler (Teretistris fornsi).JPG|thumb|Oriente warbler]]
'''Order''': [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Teretistridae]]
Order: [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Teretistridae]]


These two species were formerly placed in the New World warblers (Parulidae) but were moved to their own family in 2017.
These two species were formerly placed in the New World warblers (Parulidae) but were moved to their own family in 2017.
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*[[Oriente warbler]], ''Teretistris fornsi'' {{IUCN status|LC|22721870}}
*[[Oriente warbler]], ''Teretistris fornsi'' {{IUCN status|LC|22721870}}
*[[Yellow-headed warbler]], ''Teretistris fernandinae'' {{IUCN status|LC|22721867}}
*[[Yellow-headed warbler]], ''Teretistris fernandinae'' {{IUCN status|LC|22721867}}



==Yellow-breasted chat==
==Yellow-breasted chat==
'''Order''': [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Icteriidae]]
Order: [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Icteriidae]]


This species was historically placed in the wood-warblers but nonetheless most authorities were unsure if it belonged there. It was placed in its own family in 2017.
This species was historically placed in the wood-warblers but nonetheless most authorities were unsure if it belonged there. It was placed in its own family in 2017.
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==Troupials and allies==
==Troupials and allies==
[[File:Agelaius phoeniceus 0123.JPG|thumb|200px|right|[[Red-winged blackbird]]]]
[[File:Agelaius phoeniceus 0123.JPG|thumb|200px|right|[[Red-winged blackbird]]]]
'''Order''': [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Icteridae]]
Order: [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Icteridae]]


The icterids are a group of small to medium-sized, often colorful passerine birds restricted to the New World and include the grackles, New World blackbirds and New World orioles. Most species have black as a predominant plumage color, often enlivened by yellow, orange or red.
The icterids are a group of small to medium-sized, often colorful passerine birds restricted to the New World and include the grackles, New World blackbirds and New World orioles. Most species have black as a predominant plumage color, often enlivened by yellow, orange or red.
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*[[Yellow-billed cacique]], ''Amblycercus holosericeus'' {{IUCN status|LC|22724065}}
*[[Yellow-billed cacique]], ''Amblycercus holosericeus'' {{IUCN status|LC|22724065}}
*[[Yellow-headed blackbird]], ''Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus'' {{IUCN status|LC|22724169}}
*[[Yellow-headed blackbird]], ''Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus'' {{IUCN status|LC|22724169}}
*[[Yellow-hooded blackbird]], ''Chrysomus icterocephalus'' {{IUCN status|LC|22724200}}
*[[Yellow-hooded blackbird]], ''Chrysomus icterocephalus'' {{IUCN status|LC|22724200}}
*[[Yellow-rumped cacique]], ''Cacicus cela'' {{IUCN status|LC|22724031}}
*[[Yellow-rumped cacique]], ''Cacicus cela'' {{IUCN status|LC|22724031}}
*[[Yellow-shouldered blackbird]], ''Agelaius xanthomus'' {{IUCN status|EN|22724209}} {{ESA status|E}}
*[[Yellow-shouldered blackbird]], ''Agelaius xanthomus'' {{IUCN status|EN|22724209}} {{ESA status|E}}
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==New World warblers==
==New World warblers==
[[File:NashvilleWarbler23.jpg|thumb|right|Nashville warbler]]
[[File:NashvilleWarbler23.jpg|thumb|right|Nashville warbler]]
'''Order''': [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Parulidae]]
Order: [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Parulidae]]


The wood warblers are a group of small often colorful passerine birds restricted to the New World. Most are arboreal, but some are more terrestrial. Most members of this family are insectivores. In August 2011, the North American Committee of the AOS changed their classification of many of the wood warblers. Since this list is based on the AOS classification, changes to scientific names are updated here.
The wood warblers are a group of small often colorful passerine birds restricted to the New World. Most are arboreal, but some are more terrestrial. Most members of this family are insectivores. In August 2011, the North American Committee of the AOS changed their classification of many of the wood warblers. Since this list is based on the AOS classification, changes to scientific names are updated here.
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*[[Cape May warbler]], ''Setophaga tigrina'' {{IUCN status|LC|22721670}}
*[[Cape May warbler]], ''Setophaga tigrina'' {{IUCN status|LC|22721670}}
*[[Cerulean warbler]], ''Setophaga cerulea'' {{IUCN status|NT|22721740}}
*[[Cerulean warbler]], ''Setophaga cerulea'' {{IUCN status|NT|22721740}}
*[[Chestnut-capped warbler]], ''Basileuterus delattrii''
*[[Chestnut-capped warbler]], ''Basileuterus delattrii''
*[[Chestnut-sided warbler]], ''Setophaga pensylvanica'' {{IUCN status|LC|22721664}}
*[[Chestnut-sided warbler]], ''Setophaga pensylvanica'' {{IUCN status|LC|22721664}}
*[[Colima warbler]], ''Leiothlypis crissalis'' {{IUCN status|LC|22721633}}
*[[Colima warbler]], ''Leiothlypis crissalis'' {{IUCN status|LC|22721633}}
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*[[Common yellowthroat]], ''Geothlypis trichas'' {{IUCN status|LC|22721836}}
*[[Common yellowthroat]], ''Geothlypis trichas'' {{IUCN status|LC|22721836}}
*[[Connecticut warbler]], ''Oporornis agilis'' {{IUCN status|LC|22721818}}
*[[Connecticut warbler]], ''Oporornis agilis'' {{IUCN status|LC|22721818}}
*[[Costa Rican warbler]], ''Basileuterus melanotis''
*[[Costa Rican warbler]], ''Basileuterus melanotis''
*[[Crescent-chested warbler]], ''Oreothlypis superciliosa'' {{IUCN status|LC|22721645}}
*[[Crescent-chested warbler]], ''Oreothlypis superciliosa'' {{IUCN status|LC|22721645}}
*[[Elfin-woods warbler]], ''Setophaga angelae'' {{IUCN status|EN|22721749}}
*[[Elfin-woods warbler]], ''Setophaga angelae'' {{IUCN status|EN|22721749}}
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*[[Painted redstart]], ''Myioborus pictus'' {{IUCN status|LC|22721894}}
*[[Painted redstart]], ''Myioborus pictus'' {{IUCN status|LC|22721894}}
*[[Palm warbler]], ''Setophaga palmarum'' {{IUCN status|LC|22721731}}
*[[Palm warbler]], ''Setophaga palmarum'' {{IUCN status|LC|22721731}}
*[[Pine warbler]], ''Setophaga pinus'' {{IUCN status|LC|22721719}}
*[[Pine warbler]], ''Setophaga pinus'' {{IUCN status|LC|22721719}}
*[[Pink-headed warbler]], ''Cardellina versicolor'' {{IUCN status|LC|22721891}}
*[[Pink-headed warbler]], ''Cardellina versicolor'' {{IUCN status|LC|22721891}}
*[[Pirre warbler]], ''Basileuterus ignotus'' {{IUCN status|VU|22722025}}
*[[Pirre warbler]], ''Basileuterus ignotus'' {{IUCN status|VU|22722025}}
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==Mitrospingid tanagers==
==Mitrospingid tanagers==
'''Order''': [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Mitrospingidae]]
Order: [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Mitrospingidae]]


The members of this small family were previously included in Thraupidae ("true" tanagers). They were placed in this new family in 2017.
The members of this small family were previously included in Thraupidae ("true" tanagers). They were placed in this new family in 2017.
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==Cardinals and allies==
==Cardinals and allies==
[[File:RosebreastedGrosbeak08.jpg|thumb|[[Rose-breasted grosbeak]]]]
[[File:RosebreastedGrosbeak08.jpg|thumb|[[Rose-breasted grosbeak]]]]
'''Order''': [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Cardinalidae]]
Order: [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Cardinalidae]]


The cardinals are a family of robust, seed-eating birds with strong bills. They are typically associated with open woodland. The sexes usually have distinct plumages.
The cardinals are a family of robust, seed-eating birds with strong bills. They are typically associated with open woodland. The sexes usually have distinct plumages.
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==Tanagers and allies==
==Tanagers and allies==
'''Order''': [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}'''Family''': [[Thraupidae]]
Order: [[Passeriformes]]{{nbsp|3}}Family: [[Thraupidae]]


The tanagers are a large group of small to medium-sized passerine birds restricted to the New World, mainly in the tropics. Many species are brightly colored. They are seed eaters, but their preference tends towards fruit and nectar. Most have short, rounded wings.
The tanagers are a large group of small to medium-sized passerine birds restricted to the New World, mainly in the tropics. Many species are brightly colored. They are seed eaters, but their preference tends towards fruit and nectar. Most have short, rounded wings.
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| title = Birds of the World: A Checklist
| title = Birds of the World: A Checklist
| edition = fifth and supplements up to July, 2005
| edition = fifth and supplements up to July, 2005
| year = 2000
| year = 2000
| publisher = Ibis Publishing
| publisher = Ibis Publishing
| location = Vista, California
| location = Vista, California

Latest revision as of 22:06, 28 March 2024

"Birds of North America" redirects here. For the book, see Birds of North America (book).
The first edition of the Check-list of North American Birds of the American Ornithological Society, published in 1886

The lists of birds in the light blue box below are divided by biological family. The lists are based on The AOS Check-list of North American Birds of the American Ornithological Society[1] and The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World[2] supplemented with checklists from Panama, Greenland, and Bermuda. It includes the birds of Greenland, Canada, the United States (excluding Hawaii), Mexico, Central America, Bermuda, and the West Indies.


Taxonomy[edit]

The taxonomic treatment[3] (designation and sequence of orders, families and species) and nomenclature (common and scientific names) used in the accompanying bird lists adheres to the conventions of the AOS's (2019) Check-list of North American Birds, the recognized scientific authority on the taxonomy and nomenclature of North America birds. The AOS's Committee on Classification and Nomenclature, the body responsible for maintaining and updating the Check-list, "strongly and unanimously continues to endorse the biological species concept (BSC), in which species are considered to be genetically cohesive groups of populations that are reproductively isolated from other such groups" (AOS 2019). The Sibley-Ahlquist taxonomy is an alternative phylogenetic arrangement based on DNA-DNA hybridization.

Unless otherwise noted, all species listed below are considered to occur regularly in North America as permanent residents, summer or winter residents or visitors, or migrants. The following codes are used to denote certain categories of species:

  • (A) = Accidental occurrence based on one or two (rarely more) records, and unlikely to occur regularly.
  • (E) = Extinct; a recent member of the avifauna that no longer exists.
  • (Ex) = Extirpated; no longer occurs in area of interest, but other populations still exist elsewhere.
  • (I) = Introduced population established solely as result of direct or indirect human intervention; synonymous with non-native and non-indigenous.

Conservation status - IUCN Red List of Threatened Species:

EX - Extinct, EW - Extinct in the Wild
CR - Critically Endangered, EN - Endangered, VU - Vulnerable
NT - Near Threatened, LC - Least Concern
(v. 2019, the data is current as of July 25, 2019

and Endangered Species Act:

E - endangered, T - threatened
XN, XE - experimental non essential or essential population
E(S/A), T(S/A) - endangered or threatened due to similarity of appearance
(including taxa not necessarily found in the USA, the data is current as of March 28, 2014


Tinamous[edit]

Order: Tinamiformes   Family: Tinamidae

The tinamous are one of the most ancient groups of bird. Although they look similar to other ground-dwelling birds like quail and grouse, they have no close relatives and are classified as a single family, Tinamidae, within their own order, the Tinamiformes. They are related to the ratites (order Struthioniformes), which includes the rheas, emus, and kiwis.

Screamers[edit]

Order: Anseriformes   Family: Anhimidae

The screamers are a small family of birds related to the ducks. They are large, bulky birds, with a small downy head, long legs, and large feet which are only partially webbed. They have large spurs on their wings which are used in fights over mates and in territorial disputes.

Ducks, geese, and waterfowl[edit]

Canada goose

Order: Anseriformes   Family: Anatidae

The family Anatidae includes the ducks and most duck-like waterfowl, such as geese and swans. These birds are adapted to an aquatic existence with webbed feet, flattened bills, and feathers that are excellent at shedding water due to special oils.

Guans, chachalacas, and curassows[edit]

Black guan, Chamaepetes unicolor

Order: Galliformes   Family: Cracidae

The chachalacas, guans and curassows are birds in the family Cracidae. These are large birds, similar in general appearance to turkeys. The guans and curassows live in trees, but the smaller chachalacas are found in more open scrubby habitats. They are generally dull-plumaged, but the curassows and some guans have colorful facial ornaments.

Guineafowl[edit]

Helmeted guineafowl (Numida meleagris)

Order: Galliformes   Family: Numididae

Guineafowl are a group of African, seed-eating, ground-nesting birds that resemble partridges, but with featherless heads and spangled grey plumage.

New World quail[edit]

California quail

Order: Galliformes   Family: Odontophoridae

The New World quails are small, plump terrestrial birds only distantly related to the quails of the Old World, but named for their similar appearance and habits.

Pheasants, grouse, and allies[edit]

Wild turkey

Order: Galliformes   Family: Phasianidae

Phasianidae consists of the pheasants and their allies. These are terrestrial species, variable in size but generally plump with broad relatively short wings. Many species are gamebirds or have been domesticated as a food source for humans.

Flamingos[edit]

Caribbean flamingo

Order: Phoenicopteriformes   Family: Phoenicopteridae

Flamingos (genus Phoenicopterus monotypic in family Phoenicopteridae) are gregarious wading birds, usually 3 to 5 feet (0.9 to 1.5 m) tall, found in both the Western and Eastern Hemispheres. Flamingos filter-feed on shellfish and algae. Their oddly-shaped beaks are specially adapted to separate mud and silt from the food they consume and, uniquely, are used upside-down.

Grebes[edit]

Clark's grebe

Order: Podicipediformes   Family: Podicipedidae

Grebes are small to medium-sized diving birds. They breed on fresh water, but often visit the sea when migrating and in winter. They have lobed toes and are excellent swimmers and divers; however, their feet are placed far back on their bodies, making them quite ungainly on land.

Pigeons and doves[edit]

Inca dove

Order: Columbiformes   Family: Columbidae

Pigeons and doves are stout-bodied birds with short necks and short slender bills with a fleshy cere.

Sandgrouse[edit]

Order: Pterocliformes   Family: Pteroclidae

Sandgrouse have small, pigeon like heads and necks, but sturdy compact bodies. They have long pointed wings and sometimes tails and a fast direct flight. Flocks fly to watering holes at dawn and dusk. Their legs are feathered down to the toes.

Cuckoos[edit]

Black-billed cuckoo

Order: Cuculiformes   Family: Cuculidae

The family Cuculidae includes cuckoos, roadrunners and anis. These birds are of variable size with slender bodies, long tails and strong legs.

Nightjars and allies[edit]

Common nighthawk

Order: Caprimulgiformes   Family: Caprimulgidae

Nightjars are medium-sized nocturnal birds that usually nest on the ground. They have long wings, short legs and very short bills. Most have small feet, of little use for walking, and long pointed wings. Their soft plumage is cryptically coloured to resemble bark or leaves.

Oilbird[edit]

Order: Steatornithiformes   Family: Steatornithidae

The oilbird is a slim, long-winged bird related to the nightjars. It is nocturnal and a specialist feeder on the fruit of the oil palm.

Potoos[edit]

Order: Nyctibiiformes   Family: Nyctibiidae

The potoos (sometimes called poor-me-ones) are large near passerine birds related to the nightjars and frogmouths. They are nocturnal insectivores which lack the bristles around the mouth found in the true nightjars.

Swifts[edit]

White-throated swift

Order: Apodiformes   Family: Apodidae

The swifts are small birds which spend the majority of their lives flying. These birds have very short legs and never settle voluntarily on the ground, perching instead only on vertical surfaces. Many swifts have long swept-back wings which resemble a crescent or boomerang.

Hummingbirds[edit]

Ruby-throated hummingbird

Order: Apodiformes   Family: Trochilidae

Hummingbirds are small birds capable of hovering in mid-air due to the rapid flapping of their wings. They are the only birds that can fly backwards.

Rails, gallinules and coots[edit]

King rail

Order: Gruiformes   Family: Rallidae

Rallidae is a large family of small to medium-sized birds which includes the rails, crakes, coots and gallinules. The most typical family members occupy dense vegetation in damp environments near lakes, swamps or rivers. In general they are shy and secretive birds, making them difficult to observe. Most species have strong legs and long toes which are well adapted to soft uneven surfaces. They tend to have short, rounded wings and to be weak fliers.

Finfoots[edit]

Order: Gruiformes   Family: Heliornithidae

Heliornithidae is a small family of tropical birds with webbed lobes on their feet similar to those of grebes and coots.

Limpkin[edit]

Limpkin

Order: Gruiformes   Family: Aramidae

The limpkin is an odd bird that looks like a large rail, but is skeletally closer to the cranes. It is found in marshes with some trees or scrub in the Caribbean, South America and southern Florida.

Cranes[edit]

Order: Gruiformes   Family: Gruidae

Cranes are large, long-legged and long-necked birds. Unlike the similar-looking but unrelated herons, cranes fly with necks outstretched, not pulled back. Most have elaborate and noisy courting displays or "dances".

Thick-knees[edit]

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Burhinidae

The thick-knees are a group of waders found worldwide within the tropical zone, with some species also breeding in temperate Europe and Australia. They are medium to large waders with strong black or yellow-black bills, large yellow eyes and cryptic plumage. Despite being classed as waders, most species have a preference for arid or semi-arid habitats.

Stilts and avocets[edit]

American avocet

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Recurvirostridae

Recurvirostridae is a family of large wading birds, which includes the avocets and stilts. The avocets have long legs and long up-curved bills. The stilts have extremely long legs and long, thin, straight bills.

Oystercatchers[edit]

American oystercatcher

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Haematopodidae

The oystercatchers are large, obvious and noisy plover-like birds, with strong bills used for smashing or prising open molluscs.

Lapwings and plovers[edit]

Killdeer

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Charadriidae

The family Charadriidae includes the plovers, dotterels and lapwings. They are small to medium-sized birds with compact bodies, short, thick necks and long, usually pointed, wings. They are found in open country worldwide, mostly in habitats near water.

Jacanas[edit]

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Jacanidae

The jacanas are a group of waders found worldwide within the tropical zone. They are identifiable by their huge feet and claws which enable them to walk on floating vegetation in the shallow lakes that are their preferred habitat.

Sandpipers and allies[edit]

Greater yellowlegs
Red-necked phalarope

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Scolopacidae

Scolopacidae is a large diverse family of small to medium-sized shorebirds including the sandpipers, curlews, godwits, shanks, tattlers, woodcocks, snipes, dowitchers and phalaropes. The majority of these species eat small invertebrates picked out of the mud or soil. Different lengths of legs and bills enable multiple species to feed in the same habitat, particularly on the coast, without direct competition for food.

Pratincoles and coursers[edit]

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Glareolidae

Pratincoles have short legs, very long pointed wings and long forked tails. Their most unusual feature for birds classed as waders is that they typically hunt their insect prey on the wing like swallows, although they can also feed on the ground. Their short bills are an adaptation to aerial feeding.

Skuas and jaegers[edit]

Great skua

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Stercorariidae

Skuas are in general medium to large birds, typically with gray or brown plumage, often with white markings on the wings. They have longish bills with hooked tips and webbed feet with sharp claws. They look like large dark gulls, but have a fleshy cere above the upper mandible. They are strong, acrobatic fliers.

Auks, murres and puffins[edit]

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Alcidae

Alcids are superficially similar to penguins due to their black-and-white colors, their upright posture and some of their habits, however they are only distantly related to the penguins and are able to fly. Auks live on the open sea, only deliberately coming ashore to nest.

Gulls, terns, and skimmers[edit]

A western gull in front of the Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco
Ring-billed gull

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Laridae

Laridae is a family of medium to large seabirds and includes gulls, terns, kittiwakes and skimmers. Gulls are typically gray or white, often with black markings on the head or wings. They have stout, longish bills and webbed feet. Terns are a group of generally medium to large seabirds typically with grey or white plumage, often with black markings on the head. Most terns hunt fish by diving but some pick insects off the surface of fresh water. Terns are generally long-lived birds, with several species known to live in excess of 30 years. Skimmers are a small family of tropical tern-like birds. They have an elongated lower mandible which they use to feed by flying low over the water surface and skimming the water for small fish.

Sunbittern[edit]

Order: Eurypygiformes   Family: Eurypygidae

The sunbittern is a bittern-like bird of tropical regions of the Americas and the sole member of the family Eurypygidae (sometimes spelled Eurypigidae) and genus Eurypyga.

Tropicbirds[edit]

Red-billed tropicbird; a few breed on Swan Cay off the Caribbean coast.

Order: Phaethontiformes   Family: Phaethontidae

Tropicbirds are slender white birds of tropical oceans which have exceptionally long central tail feathers. Their heads and long wings have black markings.

Penguins[edit]

Order: Sphenisciformes   Family: Spheniscidae

The penguins are a group of aquatic, flightless birds living almost exclusively in the Southern Hemisphere. Most penguins feed on krill, fish, squid, and other forms of sealife caught while swimming underwater.

Loons[edit]

Pacific loon

Order: Gaviiformes   Family: Gaviidae

Loons are aquatic birds the size of a large duck, to which they are unrelated. Their plumage is largely gray or black, and they have spear-shaped bills. Loons swim well and fly adequately, but, because their legs are placed towards the rear of the body, are almost helpless on land.

Albatrosses[edit]

Short-tailed albatross

Order: Procellariiformes   Family: Diomedeidae

The albatrosses are amongst the largest of flying birds, and the great albatrosses from the genus Diomedea have the largest wingspans of any extant birds.

Southern storm-petrels[edit]

Wilson's storm-petrel

Order: Procellariiformes   Family: Oceanitidae

The southern storm-petrels are the smallest seabirds, relatives of the petrels, feeding on planktonic crustaceans and small fish picked from the surface, typically while hovering. The flight is fluttering and sometimes bat-like. Until 2018, this family's three species were included with the other storm-petrels in family Hydrobatidae.

Northern storm-petrels[edit]

Order: Procellariiformes   Family: Hydrobatidae

Though the members of this family are similar in many respects to the southern storm-petrels, including their general appearance and habits, there are enough genetic differences to warrant their placement in a separate family.

Shearwaters and petrels[edit]

Audubon's shearwater chick, this species breeds on Tiger Cays off the Caribbean coast.

Order: Procellariiformes   Family: Procellariidae

The procellariids are the main group of medium-sized "true petrels", characterized by united nostrils with medium septum and a long outer functional primary.

Storks[edit]

Wood stork

Order: Ciconiiformes   Family: Ciconiidae

Storks are large, heavy, long-legged, long-necked wading birds with long stout bills and wide wingspans. They lack the powder down that other wading birds such as herons, spoonbills and ibises use to clean off fish slime. Storks lack a pharynx and are mute.

Frigatebirds[edit]

Order: Suliformes   Family: Fregatidae

Frigatebirds are large seabirds usually found over tropical oceans. They are large, black or black and white, with long wings and deeply forked tails. The males have colored inflatable throat pouches. They do not swim or walk and cannot take off from a flat surface. Having the largest wingspan-to-body-weight ratio of any bird, they are essentially aerial, able to stay aloft for more than a week.

Boobies and gannets[edit]

Blue-footed booby

Order: Suliformes   Family: Sulidae

The sulids comprise the gannets and boobies. Both groups are medium-large coastal seabirds that plunge-dive for fish.

Darters[edit]

Order: Suliformes   Family: Anhingidae

Darters or anhingas are cormorant-like water birds with very long necks and long, straight beaks. They are fish eaters which often swim with only their neck above the water.

Cormorants and shags[edit]

Double-crested cormorant

Order: Suliformes   Family: Phalacrocoracidae

Cormorants are medium-to-large aquatic birds, usually with mainly dark plumage and areas of colored skin on the face. The bill is long, thin and sharply hooked. Their feet are four-toed and webbed.

Pelicans[edit]

Brown pelican

Order: Pelecaniformes   Family: Pelecanidae

Pelicans are very large water birds with a distinctive pouch under their beak. Like other birds in the order Pelecaniformes, they have four webbed toes.

Herons, egrets, and bitterns[edit]

Snowy egret

Order: Pelecaniformes   Family: Ardeidae

The family Ardeidae contains the herons, egrets and bitterns. Herons and egrets are medium to large wading birds with long necks and legs. Bitterns tend to be shorter necked and more secretive. Members of Ardeidae fly with their necks retracted, unlike other long-necked birds such as storks, ibises and spoonbills.

Ibises and spoonbills[edit]

American white ibis

Order: Pelecaniformes   Family: Threskiornithidae

Members of this family have long, broad wings, are strong fliers and, rather surprisingly, given their size and weight, very capable soarers. The body tends to be elongated, the neck more so, with rather long legs. The bill is also long, decurved in the case of the ibises, straight and distinctively flattened in the spoonbills.

New World vultures[edit]

The California condor is one of North America's most endangered birds.

Order: Cathartiformes   Family: Cathartidae

The New World vultures are not closely related to Old World vultures, but superficially resemble them because of convergent evolution. Like the Old World vultures, they are scavengers. However, unlike Old World vultures, which find carcasses by sight, New World vultures have a good sense of smell with which they locate carcasses.

Osprey[edit]

Osprey

Order: Accipitriformes   Family: Pandionidae

Pandionidae is a family of fish-eating birds of prey, possessing a very large, powerful hooked beak for tearing flesh from their prey, strong legs, powerful talons and keen eyesight. The family is monotypic.

Hawks, eagles, and kites[edit]

American goshawk

Order: Accipitriformes   Family: Accipitridae

Accipitridae is a family of birds of prey, which includes hawks, eagles, kites, harriers and Old World vultures. These birds have very large powerful hooked beaks for tearing flesh from their prey, strong legs, powerful talons and keen eyesight.

Barn-owls[edit]

Main article: Barn owl
Barn owl

Order: Strigiformes   Family: Tytonidae

Barn-owls are medium to large owls with large heads and characteristic heart-shaped faces. They have long strong legs with powerful talons.

Owls[edit]

Barred owl

Order: Strigiformes   Family: Strigidae

Typical owls are small to large solitary nocturnal birds of prey. They have large forward-facing eyes and ears, a hawk-like beak and a conspicuous circle of feathers around each eye called a facial disk.

Trogons[edit]

Cuban trogon

Order: Trogoniformes   Family: Trogonidae

Trogons are residents of tropical forests worldwide and have soft, often colorful, feathers with distinctive male and female plumage. They have compact bodies with long tails and short necks.

Hoopoes[edit]

Order: Upupiformes   Family: Upupidae

This black, white and pink bird is quite unmistakable, especially in its erratic flight, which is like that of a giant butterfly. There are three members of its family. The song is a trisyllabic oop-oop-oop, which gives rise to its English and scientific names.

Todies[edit]

Cuban tody

Order: Coraciiformes   Family: Todidae

Todies are a group of small near passerine forest species endemic to the Caribbean. These birds have colorful plumage and resemble small kingfishers, but have flattened bills with serrated edges. They eat small prey such as insects and lizards.

Motmots[edit]

Lesson's motmot

Order: Coraciiformes   Family: Motmotidae

The motmots have colorful plumage and long, graduated tails which they display by waggling back and forth. In most of the species, the barbs near the ends of the two longest (central) tail feathers are weak and fall off, leaving a length of bare shaft and creating a racket-shaped tail.

Kingfishers[edit]

Belted kingfisher

Order: Coraciiformes   Family: Alcedinidae

Kingfishers are medium-sized birds with large heads, long pointed bills, short legs and stubby tails.

Bee-eaters[edit]

Order: Coraciiformes   Family: Meropidae

The bee-eaters are a group of near passerine birds in the family Meropidae. They are characterized by richly colored plumage, slender bodies and usually elongated central tail feathers. All are colorful and have long downturned bills and pointed wings, which give them a swallow-like appearance when seen from afar.

Puffbirds[edit]

Barred puffbird

Order: Piciformes   Family: Bucconidae

The puffbirds are related to the jacamars and have the same range, but lack the iridescent colors of that family. They are mainly brown, rufous, or gray, with large heads and flattened bills with hooked tips. The loose abundant plumage and short tails makes them look stout and puffy, giving rise to the English common name of the family.

Jacamars[edit]

Rufous-tailed jacamar

Order: Piciformes   Family: Galbulidae

The jacamars are near passerine birds from tropical South America, with a range that extends up to Mexico. They feed on insects caught on the wing, and are glossy, elegant birds with long bills and tails. In appearance and behavior they resemble the Old World bee-eaters, although they are more closely related to puffbirds.

New World barbets[edit]

Order: Piciformes   Family: Capitonidae

The barbets are plump birds, with short necks and large heads. They get their name from the bristles which fringe their heavy bills. Most species are brightly colored.

Toucan-barbets[edit]

Order: Piciformes   Family: Semnornithidae

The toucan-barbets are birds of montane forests in the Neotropics. They are highly social and non-migratory.

Toucans[edit]

Keel-billed toucan

Order: Piciformes   Family: Ramphastidae

Toucans are near passerine birds from the Neotropics. They are brightly marked and have enormous, colorful bills which in some species amount to half their body length.

Woodpeckers[edit]

Red-naped sapsucker

Order: Piciformes   Family: Picidae

Woodpeckers are small to medium-sized birds with chisel-like beaks, short legs, stiff tails and long tongues used for capturing insects. Some species have feet with two toes pointing forward and two backward, while several species have only three toes. Many woodpeckers have the habit of tapping noisily on tree trunks with their beaks.

Falcons and caracaras[edit]

American kestrel

Order: Falconiformes   Family: Falconidae

Falconidae is a family of diurnal birds of prey, notably the falcons and caracaras. They differ from hawks, eagles and kites in that they kill with their beaks instead of their talons.

African and New World parrots[edit]

Green parakeet

Parrots are small to large birds with a characteristic curved beak. Their upper mandibles have slight mobility in the joint with the skull and they have a generally erect stance. All parrots are zygodactyl, having the four toes on each foot placed two at the front and two to the back.

Old World parrots[edit]

Order: Psittaciformes   Family: Psittaculidae

Characteristic features of parrots include a strong curved bill, an upright stance, strong legs, and clawed zygodactyl feet. Many parrots are vividly colored, and some are multi-colored. In size they range from 8 cm (3.1 in) to 1 m (3.3 ft) in length. Old World parrots are found from Africa east across south and southeast Asia and Oceania to Australia and New Zealand.

Sapayoa[edit]

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Sapayoidae

The sapayoa is the only member of its family, and is found in the lowland rainforests of Panama and north-western South America. It is usually seen in pairs or mixed-species flocks.

Typical antbirds[edit]

Great antshrike

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Thamnophilidae

The antbirds are a large family of small passerine birds of subtropical and tropical Central and South America. They are forest birds which tend to feed on insects at or near the ground. A sizable minority of them specialize in following columns of army ants to eat small invertebrates that leave their hiding places to flee from the ants. Many species lack bright color, with brown, black, and white being the dominant tones.

Gnateaters[edit]

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Conopophagidae

The members of this small family are found across northern South America and into Central America. They are forest birds, usually seen on the ground or in the low understory.

Antpittas[edit]

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Grallariidae

Antpittas resemble the true pittas with strong, longish legs, very short tails, and stout bills.

Tapaculos[edit]

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Rhinocryptidae

The tapaculos are small suboscine passeriform birds with numerous species in South and Central America. They are terrestrial species that fly only poorly on their short wings. They have strong legs, well-suited to their habitat of grassland or forest undergrowth. The tail is cocked and pointed towards the head.

Antthrushes[edit]

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Formicariidae

Antthrushes resemble small rails with strong, longish legs, very short tails, and stout bills.

Ovenbirds and woodcreepers[edit]

Cocoa woodcreeper

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Furnariidae

Ovenbirds comprise a large family of small sub-oscine passerine bird species found in Central and South America. They are a diverse group of insectivores which gets its name from the elaborate "oven-like" clay nests built by some species, although others build stick nests or nest in tunnels or clefts in rock. The woodcreepers are brownish birds which maintain an upright vertical posture supported by their stiff tail vanes. They feed mainly on insects taken from tree trunks.

Manakins[edit]

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Pipridae

The manakins are a family of subtropical and tropical mainland Central and South America, and Trinidad and Tobago. They are compact forest birds, the males typically being brightly colored, although the females of most species are duller and usually green-plumaged. Manakins feed on small fruits, berries, and insects.

Cotingas[edit]

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Cotingidae

The cotingas are birds of forests or forest edges in tropical Central and South America. Comparatively little is known about this diverse group, although all have broad bills with hooked tips, rounded wings, and strong legs. The males of many of the species are brightly colored or decorated with plumes or wattles.

Tityras and allies[edit]

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Tityridae

Tityridae are suboscine passerine birds found in forest and woodland in the Neotropics. The species in this family were formerly spread over the families Tyrannidae, Pipridae, and Cotingidae. They are small to medium-sized birds. They do not have the sophisticated vocal capabilities of the songbirds. Most, but not all, have plain coloring.

Sharpbill[edit]

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Oxyruncidae

The sharpbill is a small bird of dense forests in Central and South America. It feeds mostly on fruit but also eats insects.

Royal flycatcher and allies[edit]

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Onychorhynchidae

The members of this small family, created in 2018, were formerly considered to be tyrant flycatchers, family Tyrannidae.

Tyrant flycatchers[edit]

Great kiskadee

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Tyrannidae

Tyrant flycatchers are Passerine birds which occur throughout North and South America. They superficially resemble the Old World flycatchers, but are more robust and have stronger bills. They do not have the sophisticated vocal capabilities of the songbirds. Most, but not all, are rather plain. As the name implies, most are insectivorous.

Shrikes[edit]

Northern shrike

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Laniidae

Shrikes are passerine birds known for their habit of catching other birds and small animals and impaling the uneaten portions of their bodies on thorns. A shrike's beak is hooked, like that of a typical bird of prey.

Vireos, shrike-babblers, and erpornis[edit]

Yellow-throated vireo

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Vireonidae

The vireos are a group of small to medium-sized passerine birds. They are typically greenish in color and resemble wood warblers apart from their heavier bills.

Crows, jays, and magpies[edit]

Clark's nutcracker

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Corvidae

The family Corvidae includes crows, ravens, jays, choughs, magpies, treepies, nutcrackers and ground jays. Corvids are above average in size among the Passeriformes, and some of the larger species show high levels of intelligence.

Larks[edit]

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Alaudidae

Larks are small terrestrial birds with often extravagant songs and display flights. Most larks are fairly dull in appearance. Their food is insects and seeds.

Swallows[edit]

Purple martin

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Hirundinidae

The family Hirundinidae is adapted to aerial feeding. They have a slender streamlined body, long pointed wings and a short bill with a wide gape. The feet are adapted to perching rather than walking, and the front toes are partially joined at the base.

Tits, chickadees, and titmice[edit]

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Paridae

The Paridae are mainly small stocky woodland species with short stout bills. Some have crests. They are adaptable birds, with a mixed diet including seeds and insects.

Penduline-tits[edit]

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Remizidae

The penduline-tits are a family of small passerine birds, related to the true tits. The verdin is the only North American representative of its family.

  • Verdin, Auriparus flaviceps LC

Long-tailed tits[edit]

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Aegithalidae

The long-tailed tits are a family of small passerine birds. Their plumage is typically dull gray or brown in color. There is only one North American representative of this primarily Palearctic family.

Nuthatches[edit]

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Sittidae

Nuthatches are small woodland birds. They have the unusual ability to climb down trees head first, unlike other birds which can only go upwards. Nuthatches have big heads, short tails and powerful bills and feet.

Treecreepers[edit]

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Certhiidae

Treecreepers are small woodland birds, brown above and white below. They have thin pointed down-curved bills, which they use to extricate insects from bark. They have stiff tail feathers, like woodpeckers, which they use to support themselves on vertical trees.

Wrens[edit]

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Troglodytidae

Wrens are small and inconspicuous birds, except for their loud songs. They have short wings and thin down-turned bills. Several species often hold their tails upright. All are insectivorous.

Gnatcatchers[edit]

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Polioptilidae

These dainty birds resemble Old World warblers in their build and habits, moving restlessly through the foliage seeking insects. The gnatcatchers and gnatwrens are mainly soft bluish gray in color and have the typical insectivore's long sharp bill. They are birds of fairly open woodland or scrub, which nest in bushes or trees.

Dippers[edit]

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Cinclidae

They are named for their bobbing or dipping movements. They are unique among passerines for their ability to dive and swim underwater.

Bulbuls[edit]

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Pycnonotidae

The bulbuls are a family of medium-sized passerine songbirds native to Africa and tropical Asia. These are noisy and gregarious birds with often beautiful striking songs.

Kinglets[edit]

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Regulidae

The kinglets are a small family of birds which resemble the titmice. They are very small insectivorous birds in the genus Regulus. The adults have colored crowns, giving rise to their name.

Leaf warblers[edit]

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Phylloscopidae

Leaf warblers are a family of small insectivorous birds found mostly in Eurasia and ranging into Wallacea and Africa. The Arctic warbler breeds east into Alaska. The species are of various sizes, often green-plumaged above and yellow below, or more subdued with grayish-green to grayish-brown colors.

Sylviid warblers, parrotbills, and allies[edit]

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Sylviidae

The family Sylviidae is a group of small insectivorous passerine birds. They mainly occur as breeding species, as the common name implies, in Europe, Asia and, to a lesser extent, Africa. Most are of generally undistinguished appearance, but many have distinctive songs.

Reed warblers and allies[edit]

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Acrocephalidae

The members of this family are usually rather large for "warblers". Most are rather plain olivaceous brown above with much yellow to beige below. They are usually found in open woodland, reedbeds, or tall grass. The family occurs mostly in southern to western Eurasia and surroundings, but also ranges far into the Pacific, with some species in Africa.

Donacobius[edit]

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Donacobiidae

The black-capped donacobius is found in wet habitats from Panama across northern South America and east of the Andes to Argentina and Paraguay

Grassbirds and allies[edit]

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Locustellidae

Locustellidae are a family of small insectivorous songbirds found mainly in Eurasia, Africa, and the Australian region. They are smallish birds with tails that are usually long and pointed, and tend to be drab brownish or buffy all over.

Old World flycatchers[edit]

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Muscicapidae

This a large family of small passerine birds found mostly in the Old World. All but two of the species below occur in North America only as vagrants. The appearance of these birds is highly varied, but they mostly have weak songs and harsh calls.

Thrushes and allies[edit]

Western bluebird

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Turdidae

The thrushes are a group of passerine birds that occur mainly but not exclusively in the Old World. They are plump, soft plumaged, small to medium-sized insectivores or sometimes omnivores, often feeding on the ground. Many have attractive songs.

Mockingbirds and thrashers[edit]

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Mimidae

The mimids are a family of passerine birds which includes thrashers, mockingbirds, tremblers and the New World catbirds. These birds are notable for their vocalization, especially their remarkable ability to mimic a wide variety of birds and other sounds heard outdoors. The species tend towards dull grays and browns in their appearance.

Starlings[edit]

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Sturnidae

Starlings and mynas are small to medium-sized Old World passerine birds with strong feet. Their flight is strong and direct and most are very gregarious. Their preferred habitat is fairly open country, and they eat insects and fruit. The plumage of several species is dark with a metallic sheen.

Waxwings[edit]

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Bombycillidae

The waxwings are a group of birds with soft silky plumage and unique red tips to some of the wing feathers. In the Bohemian and cedar waxwings, these tips look like sealing wax and give the group its name. These are arboreal birds of northern forests. They live on insects in summer and berries in winter.

Silky-flycatchers[edit]

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Ptiliogonatidae

The silky-flycatchers are a small family of passerine birds which occur mainly in Central America. They are related to waxwings, and like that group, have soft silky plumage, usually gray or pale-yellow.

Palmchat[edit]

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Dulidae

The palmchat is the only member of its family. Its name indicates its strong association with palms for feeding, roosting, and nesting.

Olive warbler[edit]

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Peucedramidae

The olive warbler is the only representative of its family. It was formally classified with the Parulidae, but DNA studies warrant its classification in a distinct family.

Accentors[edit]

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Prunellidae

The accentors are small, fairly drab birds with thin sharp bills superficially similar, but unrelated to, sparrows. They are endemic to the Palearctic and only appear in North America as a vagrant.

Weavers and allies[edit]

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Ploceidae

The weavers are small passerine birds related to the finches. They are seed-eating birds with rounded conical bills. The males of many species are brightly colored, usually in red or yellow and black, though some species show variation in color only in the breeding season.

Indigobirds[edit]

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Viduidae

The indigobirds are finch-like species which usually have black or indigo predominating in their plumage. All are brood parasites, which lay their eggs in the nests of estrildid finches

Waxbills and allies[edit]

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Estrildidae

The estrildid finches are small passerine birds native to the Old World tropics. They are gregarious and often colonial seed eaters with short thick but pointed bills. They are all similar in structure and habits, but have wide variation in plumage colors and patterns.

Old World sparrows[edit]

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Passeridae

Old World sparrows are small passerine birds. In general, sparrows tend to be small plump brownish or grayish birds with short tails and short powerful beaks. Sparrows are seed eaters, but they also consume small insects.

Wagtails and pipits[edit]

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Motacillidae

Motacillidae is a family of small passerine birds with medium to long tails. They include the wagtails, longclaws and pipits. They are slender, ground feeding insectivores of open country.

Finches, euphonias, and allies[edit]

Gray-crowned rosy-finch

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Fringillidae

Finches are seed-eating passerine birds, that are small to moderately large and have a strong beak, usually conical and in some species very large. All have twelve tail feathers and nine primaries. These birds have a bouncing flight with alternating bouts of flapping and gliding on closed wings, and most sing well.

Longspurs and snow buntings[edit]

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Calcariidae

The Calcariidae are a group of passerine birds that have been traditionally grouped with the Emberizeridae (New World sparrows), but differ in a number of respects and are usually found in open grassy areas.

Thrush-tanager[edit]

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Rhodinocichlidae

This species was historically placed in family Thraupidae. It was placed in its own family in 2017.

Old World buntings[edit]

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Emberizidae

Emberizidae is a family of passerine birds containing a single genus. Until 2017, the New World sparrows (Passerellidae) were also considered part of this family.

New World sparrows[edit]

Eastern towhee

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Passerellidae

Until 2017, these species were considered part of the family Emberizidae. Most of the species are known as sparrows, but these birds are not closely related to the Old World sparrows which are in the family Passeridae. Many of these have distinctive head patterns.

Chat-tanagers[edit]

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Calyptophilidae

These two species were formerly classified as tanagers (family Thraupidae) but were placed in their own family in 2017.

Hispaniolan tanagers[edit]

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Phaenicophilidae

The members of this small family were formerly classified as tanagers and New World warblers (family Parulidae) but were placed in their own family in 2017.

Puerto Rican tanager[edit]

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Nesospingidae

This species was formerly classified as a tanager (family Thraupidae) but was placed in its own family in 2017.

Spindalises[edit]

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Spindalidae

The members of this small family are native to the Greater Antilles. They were formerly classified as tanagers but were placed in their own family in 2017.

Wrenthrush[edit]

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Zeledoniidae

Despite its name, this species is neither a wren nor a thrush, and is not closely related to either family. It was moved from the wood-warblers (Parulidae) and placed in its own family in 2017.

Cuban warblers[edit]

Oriente warbler

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Teretistridae

These two species were formerly placed in the New World warblers (Parulidae) but were moved to their own family in 2017.

Yellow-breasted chat[edit]

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Icteriidae

This species was historically placed in the wood-warblers but nonetheless most authorities were unsure if it belonged there. It was placed in its own family in 2017.

Troupials and allies[edit]

Red-winged blackbird

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Icteridae

The icterids are a group of small to medium-sized, often colorful passerine birds restricted to the New World and include the grackles, New World blackbirds and New World orioles. Most species have black as a predominant plumage color, often enlivened by yellow, orange or red.

New World warblers[edit]

Nashville warbler

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Parulidae

The wood warblers are a group of small often colorful passerine birds restricted to the New World. Most are arboreal, but some are more terrestrial. Most members of this family are insectivores. In August 2011, the North American Committee of the AOS changed their classification of many of the wood warblers. Since this list is based on the AOS classification, changes to scientific names are updated here.

Mitrospingid tanagers[edit]

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Mitrospingidae

The members of this small family were previously included in Thraupidae ("true" tanagers). They were placed in this new family in 2017.

Cardinals and allies[edit]

Rose-breasted grosbeak

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Cardinalidae

The cardinals are a family of robust, seed-eating birds with strong bills. They are typically associated with open woodland. The sexes usually have distinct plumages.

Tanagers and allies[edit]

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Thraupidae

The tanagers are a large group of small to medium-sized passerine birds restricted to the New World, mainly in the tropics. Many species are brightly colored. They are seed eaters, but their preference tends towards fruit and nectar. Most have short, rounded wings.

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ "Check-list of North American Birds (online)". American Ornithological Society. 2019.
  2. ^ Lepage, Denis. "Bird Checklists of the World - North America". Avibase. Retrieved November 1, 2022.
  3. ^ Clements, James F. (2000). Birds of the World: A Checklist (fifth and supplements up to July, 2005 ed.). Vista, California: Ibis Publishing. ISBN 0-934797-16-1.
  4. ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Anhima cornuta". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22679723A92826187. Retrieved 14 October 2023.
  5. ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Netta erythrophthalma". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22680354A92857172. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
  6. ^ BirdLife International (2020). "Pipile pipile". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T22678401A177972653. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
  7. ^ BirdLife International (2018). "Leptotila rufaxilla". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
  8. ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Chordeiles nacunda". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22689723A93245296. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
  9. ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Tachornis squamata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22686751A93125297. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
  10. ^ Lepage, Denis. "Little Swift". Avibase. Retrieved 28 March 2024.
  11. ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Calliphlox amethystina". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22688211A93187412. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
  12. ^ BirdLife International (2012). "Chlorestes notata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2012. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
  13. ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Chlorostilbon mellisugus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T22687313A112399190. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
  14. ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Amazilia tobaci". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
  15. ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Anthracothorax viridigula". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22687122A93141043. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
  16. ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Phaethornis longuemareus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22736557A95137406. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
  17. ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Chaetocercus jourdanii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22688290A93190560. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
  18. ^ BirdLife International (2018). "Lophornis ornatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T22687181A130119414. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
  19. ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Amazilia brevirostris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
  20. ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Polytmus guainumbi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22687482A93154067. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
  21. ^ BirdLife International (2020). "Campylopterus ensipennis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T22687078A179214927. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
  22. ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Porzana albicollis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22692690A93364764. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
  23. ^ BirdLife International (2018). "Pterodroma caribbaea". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T22698097A132625182. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22698097A132625182.en.
  24. ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Ciconia ciconia". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22697691A86248677. Retrieved 19 May 2020.
  25. ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Ixobrychus involucris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22697294A93606613. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
  26. ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Trogon viridis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22736238A95128440. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
  27. ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Trogon violaceus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T61686959A95175649. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
  28. ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Momotus bahamensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T61634940A95173793. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
  29. ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Psittacara leucophthalmus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22685682A93083034. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
  30. ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Sakesphorus canadensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T103657712A93819991. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
  31. ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Procnias averano". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22700965A93806811. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
  32. ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Procnias albus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22700957A93806627. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
  33. ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Tityra cayana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T103676987A93792271. Retrieved 15 October 2023.

External links[edit]

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