Wrens

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Wrens
Domestic wren (Troglodytes aedon)

Domestic wren ( Troglodytes aedon )

Systematics
Subclass : New-jawed birds (Neognathae)
Order : Passerines (Passeriformes)
Subordination : Songbirds (passeri)
without rank: Passerida
Superfamily : Certhioidea
Family : Wrens
Scientific name
Troglodytidae
Swainson , 1832

The Wrens (Troglodytidae) are a bird family from the order of perching birds (Passeriformes), subordination songbirds (Passeri).

The family comprises 19 genera and about 88 species . Almost all species are native to the New World and occupy different habitats there. The only exception is the wren, which is widespread in both North America and Eurasia . He is the only representative of this family in Europe.

Appearance

Wrens are insectivorous birds with predominantly brown, sometimes dark, cross-banded plumage . They have short wings, and many hold their short thrust straight up. They are usually small and inconspicuous, apart from their loud singing.

distribution

The family inhabits almost all of North and South America with the exception of the northern parts of Alaska and Canada and most of the West Indies . The greatest density of species is found in mountainous regions with a tropical climate, particularly in the northwest of South America and on the Central American land bridge. The front runners are Colombia with 33 species and Mexico with 31 species.

Only one species, the wren ( Troglodytes troglodytes ), also occurs outside of America, namely in Europe , North Africa , East Asia and parts of Central , South and Western Asia .

Genera and species

Cactus wren ( Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus )
Wren
( Troglodytes troglodytes )
Marsh wren
( Cistothorus palustris )
  1. Salpinctes
    1. Rock Wren ( Salpinctes obsoletus )
  2. Campylorhynchus
    1. Bearded Wren ( Campylorhynchus gularis )
    2. Cactus wren ( Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus )
    3. Harlequin wren ( Campylorhynchus jocosus )
    4. Yukatanzaun king ( Campylorhynchus yucatanicus )
    5. Giant Wren ( Campylorhynchus chiapensis )
    6. Brew wren ( Campylorhynchus griseus )
    7. Red-necked wren ( Campylorhynchus rufinucha )
    8. Thrush wren ( Campylorhynchus turdinus )
    9. Gray binding Wren ( Campylorhynchus megalopterus )
    10. Tiger wren ( Campylorhynchus zonatus )
    11. Bald wren ( Campylorhynchus albobrunneus )
    12. Panther wren ( Campylorhynchus nuchalis )
    13. Binding Wren ( Campylorhynchus fasciatus )
  3. Odontorchilus
    1. Gray- coat wren ( Odontorchilus branickii )
    2. Tooth- billed wren ( Odontorchilus cinereus )
  4. Catherpes
    1. Canyon wren ( Catherpes mexicanus )
  5. Hylorchilus
    1. Narrow-billed wren ( Hylorchilus sumichrasti )
    2. Navaz Wren ( Hylorchilus navai )
  6. Cinnycerthia
    1. Monochrome wren ( Cinnycerthia unirufa )
    2. Peruvian Wren ( Cinnycerthia peruana )
    3. Sepia wren ( Cinnycerthia fulva )
    4. Rust wren ( Cinnycerthia olivascens )
  7. Thryophilus
    1. Santander wren ( Thryophilus nicefori )
    2. Acacia wren ( Thryophilus pleurostictus )
    3. Sinaloazaunig ( Thryophilus sinaloa )
    4. Antioquiac wren ( Thryophilus sernai )
    5. Red-backed wren ( Thryophilus rufalbus )
  8. Thryothorus
    1. Carolina wren ( Thryothorus ludovicianus )
  9. Cantorchilus
    1. Cabanis wren ( Cantorchilus modestus )
    2. Gray wren ( Cantorchilus griseus )
    3. Shore wren ( Cantorchilus semibadius )
    4. Coastal Wren ( Cantorchilus superciliaris )
    5. Long-billed wren ( Cantorchilus longirostris )
    6. Chestnut wren ( Cantorchilus nigricapillus )
    7. Guarayos wren ( Cantorchilus guarayanus )
    8. White-eared wren ( Cantorchilus leucotis )
    9. Zeledon wren ( Cantorchilus zeledoni )
    10. Stripe- breasted wren ( Cantorchilus thoracicus )
    11. Striped- throated wren ( Cantorchilus leucopogon )
    12. Panama wren ( Cantorchilus elutus )
  10. Pheugopedius
    1. Band-bellied wren ( Pheugopedius fasciatoventris )
    2. Black-throated wren ( Pheugopedius atrogularis )
    3. Soot-head wren ( Pheugopedius spadix )
    4. Chestnut-backed wren ( Pheugopedius euophrys )
    5. Inca wren ( Pheugopedius eisenmanni )
    6. Cheek-streaked wren ( Pheugopedius genibarbis )
    7. Bearded wren ( Pheugopedius mystacalis )
    8. Corayazaun king ( Pheugopedius coraya )
    9. Lucky wren ( Pheugopedius felix )
    10. Speckled wren ( Pheugopedius maculipectus )
    11. Red-breasted wren ( Pheugopedius rutilus )
    12. Ligamentous breast wren ( Pheugopedius sclateri )
  11. Thryomanes
    1. Busch Wren ( Thryomanes bewickii )
  12. Ferminia
    1. Cuba Wren ( Ferminia cerverai )
  13. Troglodytes
    1. Wren ( Troglodytes troglodytes )
    2. Domestic wren ( Troglodytes aedon )
    3. White-throated wren ( Troglodytes brunneicollis )
    4. Santa Marta Wren ( Troglodytes monticola )
    5. Pale-streaked wren ( Troglodytes ochraceus )
    6. Rust-browed wren ( Troglodytes rufociliatus )
    7. Falkland wren ( Troglodytes cobbi )
    8. Socorro wren ( Troglodytes sissonii )
    9. Cozumel wren ( Troglodytes beani )
    10. Southern house wren ( Troglodytes musculus )
    11. Tepuiza un king ( Troglodytes rufulus )
    12. Andenza un king ( Troglodytes solstitialis )
    13. Clarión wren ( Troglodytes tanneri )
    14. Winter wren ( Troglodytes hiemalis )
    15. Pacific wren ( Troglodytes pacificus )
  14. Cistothorus
    1. Sedge wren ( Cistothorus platensis )
    2. Marsh wren ( Cistothorus palustris )
    3. Meridae wren ( Cistothorus meridae )
    4. Apolinarz wren ( Cistothorus apolinari )
  15. Uropsila
    1. White-bellied wren ( Uropsila leucogastra )
  16. Thryorchilus
    1. Mountain wren ( Thryorchilus browni )
  17. Henicorhina
    1. Bandy-wing wren ( Henicorhina leucoptera )
    2. Forest wren ( Henicorhina leucosticta )
    3. Hermit wren ( Henicorhina leucophrys )
    4. Negretzaunig ( Henicorhina negreti )
    5. Summit wren ( Henicorhina anachoreta )
  18. Microcerculus
    1. White- banded Wren ( Microcerculus bambla )
    2. Flute wren ( Microcerculus ustulatus )
    3. Nightingale wren ( Microcerculus philomela )
    4. Scaly breast wren ( Microcerculus marginatus )
    5. Northern Scaly Breast Wren ( Microcerculus luscinia )
  19. Cyphorhinus
    1. Chestnut- breasted wren ( Cyphorhinus thoracicus )
    2. Glasses Wren ( Cyphorhinus phaeocephalus )
    3. Flageolet wren ( Cyphorhinus arada )

literature

  • Einhard Bezzel: birds. BLV Verlagsgesellschaft, Munich 1996, ISBN 3-405-14736-0 .
  • Juan Esteban Martínez Gómez, Brian Rex Barber, Andrew Townsend Peterson: Phylogenetic position and generic placement of the Socorro Wren (Thryomanes sissonii) . In: The Auk . tape 122 , no. 1 , 2005, p. 50-56 , doi : 10.1093 / auk / 122.1.50 , JSTOR : 4090348 .
  • Nigel Ian Mann, Frederick Keith Barker, Jefferson Alden Graves, Kimberly Anne Dingess-Mann, Peter James Bramwell Slater: Molecular data delineate four genera of "Thryothorus" wrens . In: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution . tape 40 , no. 3 , September 1, 2006, p. 750-759 , doi : 10.1016 / j.ympev.2006.04.014 (2006).
  • Jacob R. Saucier, César Sánchez, Matthew David Carling: Patterns of genetic and morphological divergence reveal a species complex in the Plain Wren (Cantorchilus modestus) . In: The Auk . tape 132 , no. 4 , October 2015, p. 750-759 , doi : 10.1642 / AUK-15-8.1 .
  • Maribel A. González, Jessica Reese Eberhard, Irby John Lovette, Storrs Lovejoy Olson, Eldredge Bermingham: Mitochondrial DNA phylogeography of the Bay Wren (Troglodytidae: Thryothorus nigricapillus) complex . In: The Condor . tape 105 , no. 2 , 2003, p. 228-238 , doi : 10.1093 / condor / 105.2.228 .
  • Fernanda Bocalini, Luís Fábio Silveira: A taxonomic revision of the Musician Wren, Cyphorhinus arada (Aves, Troglodytidae), reveals the existence of six valid species endemic to the Amazon basin . In: Zootaxa . tape 4193 , no. 3 , November 17, 2016, p. 541-564 , doi : 10.11646 / zootaxa.4193.3.5 .
  • Caroline Dingle, Irby John Lovette, Chris Canaday, Thomas Bates Smith: A review of the White-breasted Woodwrens of Mexico and Central America . In: The Auk . tape 123 , no. 1 , 2006, p. 119-134 , doi : 10.1093 / auk / 123.1.119 (English).
  • Celestino Aguilar, Luis Fernando De Léon, José del Rosario Loaiza, William Owen McMillan, Matthew Joseph Miller: Extreme sequence divergence between mitochondrial genomes of two subspecies of White-breasted Wood-wren (Henicorhina leucosticta, Cabanis, 1847) from western and central Panamá . In: Mitochondrial DNA A DNA Mapp Seq Anal . tape 27 , no. 2 , 2016, p. 956-957 , doi : 10.3109 / 19401736.2014.926503 (English).

Web links

Commons : Wrens (Troglodytidae)  - Collection of images, videos, and audio files

Single receipts

  1. ↑ Bezzel, p. 37.