Lucky wren

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Lucky wren
Happy Wren - Oaxaca - Mexico S4E8421 (16982140919) .jpg

Lucky wren ( Pheugopedius felix )

Systematics
Order : Passerines (Passeriformes)
Subordination : Songbirds (passeri)
Superfamily : Certhioidea
Family : Wrens (Troglodytidae)
Genre : Pheugopedius
Type : Lucky wren
Scientific name
Pheugopedius felix
( Sclater, PL , 1860)

The lucky Wren ( Pheugopedius felix ) or stained cheeks Wren is a bird art from the family of wrens (Troglodytidae), which in Mexico is endemic is. The IUCN assesses the population as Least Concern .

features

The lucky wren reaches a body length of about 12.0 to 14.0 cm with a weight of about 9.0 to 16.4 g. It has a white eye stripe that stands out against the black sides of the face with the striking white stitch markings. The skull and back are deep reddish brown and paler at the back. The shoulders, the handwings and the armwings are reddish brown. The control feathers are brown to grayish brown with dark bands. The throat is whitish. Narrow whitish spots adorn the ear area. The underside looks warm yellow-brown. The eyes are dark brown, the beak black with a gray base and the legs dark gray. It differs from the Sinaloazaunig ( Thryophilus sinaloa ) by the clearly defined facial pattern . Both sexes are similar. Young animals resemble adult birds, but have a more blurred facial pattern. The underside shows gray fringes.

Behavior and nutrition

The lucky wren feeds mostly on invertebrates, such as insects z. B. beetles , caterpillars , Schnabelkerfen , hymenoptera and others. It also feeds on plants, including berries. He looks for his food in the lower strata from the ground to about 2 meters above the ground. Occasionally he also makes trips up to 10 meters above the ground.

Vocalizations

The song of the lucky wren consists of a captivating series of exuberant, gurgling whistles, which are given antiphonically by both sexes. Everyone utters a constant phrase different from each other's. Often he behaves territorially with the Sinaloazaunig. Each species reacts to the song of the other species, although their territories do not overlap. The subspecies from the islands P. f. lawrencii and P. f. magdalenae have fewer variations in their singing.

Reproduction

The lucky wren breeds from late May to June. The island subspecies follow a few weeks later. The nest is an opposing, goblet-shaped bag made of grass, fibers, and similar material. He builds this on branches so that the entrance hangs out on one side and the pocket on the other. They are often located near wasp nests or in Acacia , which are guarded by aggressive strains of ants of the genus Pseudomyrmica . These protect the nest of the lucky wren from nest robbers. It is about three meters above the ground, sometimes up to eighteen meters. It is very rarely found on the ground, but it is more common in the island subspecies. A clutch usually consists of five eggs that are bluish white without spots.

distribution and habitat

The lucky wren prefers dry tropical forests, including thorn forests and oak and hornbeam forests . It can also be found in disturbed habitats and secondary vegetation . It moves at altitudes from sea level to 2000 meters.

migration

The lucky wren is predominantly a resident bird . Some evidence suggests vertical migration behavior in the populations in the upper altitudes at the northern end of the range.

Subspecies

There are six known subspecies.

  • Pheugopedius felix sonorae van Rossem , 1930 occurs in northwestern Mexico. The subspecies is significantly paler than the nominate form . The chin and throat are pure white.
  • Pheugopedius felix pallidus ( Nelson , 1899) is common in western Mexico. The subspecies is smaller and paler than the nominate form.
  • Pheugopedius felix lawrencii ( Ridgway , 1878) occurs on María Madre . The subspecies is similar to P. f. pallidus , but is even paler and has less strikingly striped cheeks.
  • Pheugopedius felix magdalenae ( Nelson , 1898) is widespread on Isla María Magdalena . The subspecies also has indistinct facial markings and appears a bit darker than P. f. lawrencii .
  • Pheugopedius felix grandis ( Nelson , 1900) occurs in south-central Mexico. The color of the subspecies lies between nominate form and P. f. pallidus and is slightly larger than the other two subspecies.
  • Pheugopedius felix felix ( Sclater, PL , 1860) is widespread in southwest Mexico.

Etymology and history of research

The first description of the lucky wren was in 1860 by Philip Lutley Sclater under the scientific name Thryothorus felix . The type specimen was acquired by Adolphe Boucard from Santa Catarina Juquila . As early as 1851, Jean Louis Cabanis introduced the genus Pheugopedius, which was new to science . This name is derived from "pheugō φευγω " for "avoid, flee" and "pedion, pedon πεδιον, πεδον " for "open land, ground". The species name "felix" is derived from the Latin "felicis" for "happy, content". "Pallidus" has its origin in "pallidus, pallere" for "to be pale, pale, pale". »Sonorae« refers to the Mexican state of Sonora , »magdalenae« to Isla María Magdalena. "Lawrencii" is dedicated to George Newbold Lawrence . "Grandis" is the Latin word for "large".

literature

  • Jean Louis Cabanis: Museum Heineanum: Directory of the ornithological collection of the Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine, on Gut St. Burchard before Halberstadt. With critical comments and a description of the new species, systematically edited by Dr. Jean Cabanis, first custodian of the Royal Zoological Collection in Berlin and Ferdinand Heine, student philosopher volume 1 . R. Frantz, Halberstadt 1850 ( biodiversitylibrary.org - 1850–1851).
  • Edward Clive Dickinson , Leslie K. Overstreet, Robert Jack Dowsett, Murray Duncan Bruce: Priority! The Dating of Scientific Names in Ornithology . Aves Press Limited, Northampton 2012, ISBN 978-0-9568611-1-5 .
  • James A. Jobling: Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names . Christopher Helm, London 2010, ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4 .
  • Donald Eugene Kroodsma, David Brewer, Guy Maxwell Kirwan in: Josep del Hoyo , Andrew Elliott, Jordi Sargatal , David Andrew Christie , Eduardo de Juana: Tepui Wren (Troglodytes rufulus) in Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive . Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.
  • Edward William Nelson: Descriptions of new birds from the Tres Marias Islands, western Mexico . In: Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington . tape 12 , 1898, pp. 5-11 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Edward William Nelson: Descriptions of new birds from Northwestern Mexico . In: Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington . tape 13 , 1899, pp. 25-31 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Edward William Nelson: Descriptions of Thirty New North American Birds, in the Biological Survey Collection . In: The Auk . tape 17 , no. 3 , 1900, p. 253–270 (English, sora.unm.edu [PDF; 742 kB ]).
  • Robert Ridgway: Description of a new Wren from the Tres Marias Islands . In: Bulletin of the Nuttall Ornithological Club . tape 3 , no. 1 , 1878, p. 10-11 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Adriaan Joseph van Rossem: New Sonora Races of Toxostoma and Pheugopedius . In: Transactions of the San Diego Society of Natural History . tape 6 , no. 11 , 1930, p. 207-208 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Philip Lutley Sclater: List of Birds collected by MA Boucard in the State of Oaxaca in South-western Mexico, with descriptions of New Species . In: Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London . tape 27 , 1860, p. 369-393 ( biodiversitylibrary.org - 1859).

Web links

Commons : Lucky Wren ( Pheugopedius felix )  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k Donald Eugene Kroodsma u. a.
  2. ↑ IOC World Bird List Dapple-throats, sugarbirds, fairy-bluebirds, kinglets, hyliotas, wrens, gnatcatchers
  3. ^ A b Adriaan Joseph van Rossem (1930), p. 208.
  4. ^ Edward William Nelson (1899), p. 29.
  5. ↑ a b Robert Ridgway (1878), pp. 10-11.
  6. ^ A b Edward William Nelson (1898), p. 11.
  7. ^ Edward William Nelson (1900), p. 269.
  8. ^ A b Philip Lutley Sclater (1860), p. 371.
  9. ^ A b Jean Louis Cabanis, p. 79.
  10. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 279.
  11. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 289.
  12. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 177.

Remarks

  1. ↑ Cabanis categorized the Corayazaunig ( Pheugopedius coraya ) in the new genus.
  2. ↑ For the history of the publication see Edward Clive Dickinson u. a. Pp. 80-81.