Bearded Wren

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Bearded Wren
Pheugopedius mystacalis - Whiskered wren; Rubio, Táchira, Venezuela.jpg

Bearded wren ( Pheugopedius mystacalis )

Systematics
Order : Passerines (Passeriformes)
Subordination : Songbirds (passeri)
Superfamily : Certhioidea
Family : Wrens (Troglodytidae)
Genre : Pheugopedius
Type : Bearded Wren
Scientific name
Pheugopedius mystacalis
( Sclater, PL , 1860)

The beard Streif Wren ( Pheugopedius mystacalis ) is a bird art from the family of wrens (Troglodytidae) that in Venezuela , Colombia and Ecuador is widespread. The IUCN assesses the population as Least Concern .

features

The bearded wren reaches a body length of about 16.0 cm with a weight of 29.0 g. It has a grayish white stripe over the eyes that extends from the beak to the middle of the ear covers. The matt black ear covers are speckled white, the reins matt black. There is a whitish crescent mark under the eye. The top of the head is grayish black, the neck olive gray, shoulders and rump are light chestnut colored. The hand and arm wings are blackish gray on the hidden inside flags and reddish on the outside flags. This gives the closed wings a reddish brown sheen. The umbrella feathers are blackish gray. The reddish brown control feathers have matt black cross bars. He has a dirty white chin and throat, a noticeable streak of black beard that is lined with white over it. The gray breast becomes olive gray on the belly with reddish flanks. The eyes are brown, the upper beak black, the lower beak gray to gray-brown and the legs gray. Both sexes are similar. Young animals are generally more dull in color, with fewer markings on the face and the beard line is mostly missing. The throat is yellow-brown in color and the eyes are yellowish.

Behavior and nutrition

Little data is available on the diet of the bearded wren. He looks for his food mostly in pairs in the strata from the ground to ten to twelve meters above the ground. He is often out and about in the heliconia thicket.

Vocalizations

Both sexes sing in a duet and give off a magnificent series of gurgling whistles. In many cases they vary them in ascending and descending tones. His sounds include deep throaty bong, bong tones.

Reproduction

The breeding season of the bearded wren is very extended from late December, with nesting observed in May. The nest is a large ball with a diameter of approx. 20 cm and a side entrance. He builds this from roots and grass at 0.3 to 6.5 meters above the ground in small forked trees or in ferns.

distribution and habitat

The bearded wren prefers dense undergrowth on the edges of moist forests or regenerated clearings. In the interior of undisturbed forest it does not occur. It usually moves at altitudes of 1200 to 2400 meters, occasionally up to 2800 meters and locally in Ecuador up to sea level.

migration

It is believed that the bearded wren is a resident bird .

Subspecies

There are six known subspecies.

  • Pheugopedius mystacalis consobrinus ( Madarász , 1904) occurs in the northwest of Venezuela. The subspecies has a slimmer beak, a yellow-brown tinted over-eye stripe, a yellow-brown fore neck and chest.
  • Pheugopedius mystacalis ruficaudatus ( von Berlepsch , 1883) is widespread in northern Venezuela. The subspecies lacks the horizontal stripes on the tail feathers. Compared to the nominate form, it has a more yellow-brown face. The hems of the hand and arm wings are strongly reddish in color.
  • Pheugopedius mystacalis tachirensis ( Phelps & Gilliard , 1941) occurs in the southwest of Venezuela. The subspecies is darker than P. m. consobrinus , the upper head is dark olive-colored, the throat white.
  • Pheugopedius mystacalis saltuensis Bangs , 1910 is common in western Colombia. The subspecies is similar to the nominate form but has more gray on the chest, a more distinct gray on the top of the head and less noticeable tail bands.
  • Pheugopedius mystacalis yananchae ( Meyer de Schauensee , 1951) is widespread in southwest Colombia. The subspecies differs from the nominate form by its slate-gray skull.
  • Pheugopedius mystacalis mystacalis ( Sclater, PL , 1860) occurs in southern Colombia and western Ecuador.
  • Pheugopedius mystacalis macrurus ( Allen, JA , 1889) is common in western central Colombia. The subspecies has a shabby brown tail with vertical stripes on the tail feathers.
  • Pheugopedius mystacalis amaurogaster Chapman , 1914 occurs in central Colombia. The subspecies is clearly darker than the nominate form, with a slate-gray upper head and an ocher-yellow-brown underside.

Etymology and history of research

The first description of Bart Streif wren was in 1860 by Philip Sclater under the scientific name Thryothorus mystacalis . The type specimen was collected by Louis Fraser at Pallatanga . As early as 1851, Jean Louis Cabanis introduced the genus Pheugopedius, which was new to science . This name is derived from "pheugō φευγω " for "avoid, flee" and "pedion, pedon πεδιον, πεδον " for "open land, ground". The species name "mystacalis" is the Latin word for "bearded" and can be derived from the Greek "mystax, mystakos μυσταξ, μυστακος " for "beard". "Tachirensis" refers to the state of Táchira , "yananchae" to the town of Yanancha on the Río Guáitara in the Departamento de Nariño . "Consobrinus" is the Latin word for "cousin". "Ruficaudatus" is a Latin word structure from "rufus" for "reddish" and "-caudatus, cauda" for "-tailed, tail". »Saltuensis« has its origin in »saltus« for »clearing, forest pasture«. "Macrurus" is a Greek word structure from "makros μακρος " for "long" and "-ouros, oura -ουρος, ουρα " for "-tailed, tail", "amaurogaster" from "amauros αμαυρος " for "dark" and "gastēr , gastros γαστηρ, γαστρος «for» belly «.

literature

  • Joel Asaph Allen: Descriptions of new species of South American birds with remarks on various other little known species . In: Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History . tape 2 , no. 3 , 1889, p. 137-151 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Outram Bangs: New or rare birds from western Colombia . In: Proceedings of The Biological Society of Washington . tape 23 , 1910, pp. 71-75 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Hans Hermann Carl Ludwig von Berlepsch: Descriptions of six new Species of Birds from Southern and Central America . In: The Ibis (=  5 ). tape 1 , no. 38 , 1883, p. 487-494 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Jean Louis Cabanis: Museum Heineanum Directory of the ornithological collection of the Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine at Gut St. Burchard in front of Halberstatdt. With critical comments and a description of the new species, systematically edited by Dr. Jean Cabanis, first custodian of the Royal Zoological Collection in Berlin and Ferdinand Heine, student philosopher volume 1 . R. Frantz, Halberstadt 1850 ( biodiversitylibrary.org - 1850–1851).
  • Frank Michler Chapman: Diagnoses of apparently new Colombian birds . In: Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History . tape 33 , no. 12 , 1914, pp. 167–192 ( digitallibrary.amnh.org [PDF; 2.7 MB ]).
  • Edward Clive Dickinson , Leslie K. Overstreet, Robert Jack Dowsett, Murray Duncan Bruce: Priority! The Dating of Scientific Names in Ornithology . Aves Press Limited, Northampton 2012, ISBN 978-0-9568611-1-5 .
  • James A. Jobling: Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names . Christopher Helm, London 2010, ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4 .
  • Donald Eugene Kroodsma, David Brewer in: Josep del Hoyo , Andrew Elliott, Jordi Sargatal , David Andrew Christie , Eduardo de Juana: Whiskered Wren (Pheugopedius mystacalis) in Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive . Lynx Edicions, Barcelona.
  • Gyula Madarász: New species of birds from Venezuela . In: Annales historico-naturales Musei nationalis hungarici . tape 2 , 1904, pp. 115–116 ( publication.nhmus.hu [PDF; 381 kB ]).
  • William Henry Phelps, Ernest Thomas Gilliard: Seventeen new birds from Venezuela . In: American Museum novitates . No. 1153 , November 26, 1941, p. 1–17 (English, digitallibrary.amnh.org [PDF; 2.7 MB ]).
  • Philip Lutley Sclater: List of additional species of birds collected by Mr. Louis Fraser at Pallatanga, Ecuador; with notes and descriptions of new species . In: Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London . tape 28 , 1860, p. 63-73 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Rodolphe Meyer de Schauensee: Colombian Zoological Survey. Part VIII. - On Birds from Nariño, Colombia, with description of four new subspecies . In: Notulae Naturae . No. 232 , February 14, 1951, p. 1-6 ( books.google.de ).

Web links

Commons : Bearded Wren ( Pheugopedius mystacalis )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Donald Eugene Kroodsma u. a.
  2. ↑ IOC World Bird List Dapple-throats, sugarbirds, fairy-bluebirds, kinglets, hyliotas, wrens, gnatcatchers
  3. ↑ Gyula Madarász (1904), p. 115.
  4. ↑ Hans Hermann Carl Ludwig von Berlepsch (1883), pp. 491–492.
  5. ↑ a b William Henry Phelps u. a. (1941), p. 9.
  6. ^ Outram Bangs (1910), p. 74.
  7. ↑ a b Rodolphe Meyer de Schauensee (1951), p. 5.
  8. ^ A b Philip Lutley Sclater (1860), p. 64.
  9. ^ Joel Asaph Allen (1889), p. 137.
  10. ↑ Frank Michler Chapman (1914), p. 179.
  11. ^ A b Jean Louis Cabanis, p. 79.
  12. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 264.
  13. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 116.
  14. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 341.
  15. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 346.
  16. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 236.
  17. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 43.

Remarks

  1. ↑ Cabanis categorized the Corayazaunig ( Pheugopedius coraya ) in the new genus.
  2. ↑ For the history of the publication see Edward Clive Dickinson u. a. Pp. 80-81.