Flapwing Wren

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Flapwing Wren
Henicorhina leucoptera.jpg

Bandy-wing wren ( Henicorhina leucoptera )

Systematics
Order : Passerines (Passeriformes)
Subordination : Songbirds (passeri)
Superfamily : Certhioidea
Family : Wrens (Troglodytidae)
Genre : Henicorhina
Type : Flapwing Wren
Scientific name
Henicorhina leucoptera
Fitzpatrick , Terborgh & Willard , 1977

The tie wings Wren ( Henicorhina leucoptera ) is a bird art from the family of wrens (Troglodytidae) located in Peru and Ecuador is widespread. The IUCN assesses the population as Near Threatened . The species is considered to be monotypical .

features

The band wing wren reaches a body length of about 11.0 cm with a weight of 14.5 to 16.5 g. The reins and the outer eye stripe are white, the interrupted eye ring is white, the wide rear eye stripe is black and the sides of the face are black and white. The front skull is gray, the back light brown, the back dark reddish brown, a color that merges into reddish and finally becomes amber at the rump . The black hand wings have amber-colored stripes, the outermost are also lined with white. The blackish control feathers have fine dark gray-brown stripes on the outer flags. The chin, throat and upper chest are dirty white, which get darker towards the back. The lower part of the chest is white to gray, the lower abdomen is cinnamon-colored and the rump is cinnamon-brown. The eyes are reddish brown, the beak mostly black and the legs dark gray. Both sexes are similar. One specimen in its first adult plumage is known to have a more blurred facial pattern. The reins were gray and the belly was a little brown in color. Young animals have only a hinted over-eye stripe. The cheek area is dark, as is the underside. The belly and the underside of the tail are cinnamon colored.

Behavior and nutrition

There is little data on the diet of the gypsy wren. The stomach contents examined contained mainly invertebrates . Since it has a finer beak and stronger legs than the hermit wren ( Henicorhina leucophrys ), its foraging might be different. So it is possible that he likes to rest on vertical branches and looks for his food closer to the ground. He regularly takes short flights and stops to rest on branches. Often this happens on thin vertical tendrils or leaf stems. While resting, he erects his tail vertically. He often looks for and collects on the adjacent leaves and bromeliads . He also examines the basal crevices between the leaves of the bromeliads. Usually he is out in pairs, rarely alone.

Vocalizations

The bandy-wing wren song includes two types of songs. The first is a series of loud ringing phrases very similar to the hermit wren, but a bit faster, higher up, and with clearer ring tones. The second consists of longer phrases that start and end with a trill. Each gender has its own singing motif in syncopation with its partner. The chant is also described as a gentle, whistled, warbling phrase, usually less complex than the hermit wren, but more complex than the forest wren ( Henicorhina leucosticta ), which is never introduced with high notes. These sound like Wiwer-wurdleWi . The alarm call contains a dry chut tone, which is occasionally followed by a series of quick, lighter chatter.

Reproduction

Little is known about the breeding biology of the gypsy wren. A young animal was observed by the first descriptors in July.

distribution and habitat

The gypsy wren prefers the undergrowth of the elven forest or stunted forests. These forests are fragmented in locations with nutrient-poor sandy soils, typically on remote mountain ridges. The habitat is characterized as a sparse canopy consisting of crooked trees with uneven heights of about 6 to 9 meters, rarely up to 12 meters. The rather dry facies of this ridge vegetation are almost exclusively dominated by monotypical tree species. Heather plants of the genera Weinmania , Miconia , Ilex , Hedyosmum and Podocarpus are typical plants of the undergrowth of this Andean flora. In the lower strata you can find disc flowers , arum plants , orchids and terrestrial bromeliads . The soil itself consists of a thick layer of peat covered with mosses and light-colored pale-flowered lichens. Tea-colored blackwater streams arise from the lower slopes of the mountain ridges and form extensive peat bogs in the valleys. The tabby wren is native to the eastern Andes of southern Ecuador and northern Peru. In Ecuador it occurs only in Cordillera del Cóndor in the province of Zamora Chinchipe at altitudes of 1700 to 1950 meters. It can also be found on the Peruvian side of the Cordillera del Cóndor, but also south to Abra Patricia and the San Martín region . It is also common on the ridges of the upper reaches of the Río Pauya in the Cordillera Azul in the Loreto region. He was also sighted in the eastern part of the Tayabamba district . In Peru it occurs at altitudes between 1350 and 2600 meters.

migration

It is believed that the tabby wren is a resident bird .

Etymology and history of research

The first description of the tie wing wren was made in 1977 by John Weaver Fitzpatrick, John Whittle Terborgh and David Ela Willard under the scientific name Henicorhina leucoptera . The type specimen was collected by Fitzpatrick in Cordillera del Condor a little higher than San José de Lourdes . In 1868 Philip Lutley Sclater and Osbert Salvin introduced the genus Henicorhina, which was new to science . This name is derived from "henikos ἑνικος " for "unique" and "rhis, rhinos ῥις, ῥινος " for "nostrils". The species name "leucoptera" is derived from "leukopteros λευκοπτερος " for "white-winged" and is a combination of "leukos λευκος " for "white" and "-pteros, pteron -πτερος, πτερον " for ".-Winged".

Danger

The bandy-wing wren is considered to be potentially endangered due to its fragmented habitats and very special habitat. However, it is relatively common in the areas where it is present, and very plentiful in some areas of Peru. Due to the remote areas in which it lives, it is currently little endangered by human activities, although its areas of distribution have no protection status.

literature

  • John Weaver Fitzpatrick, John Whittle Terborgh, David Ela Willard: A New Species of Wood-Wren from Peru . In: The Auk . tape 94 , no. 2 , 1977, p. 195–201 (English, sora.unm.edu [PDF; 580 kB ]).
  • James A. Jobling: Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names . Christopher Helm, London 2010, ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4 .
  • Niels Krabbe , Francisco Sornoza Molina: Avifaunistic results of subtropical camp in the Cordillera del Condor, southeastern Ecuador . In: Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club . tape 114 , no. 1 , 1994, p. 55-61 (English, biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Philip Sclater, Osbert Salvin: On Venezuelan Birds collected by Mr. A. Goering Part I . In: Proceedings of the Scientific Meetings of the Zoological Society of London For the Year 1868 . 1868, p. 165-173 ( biodiversitylibrary.org ).
  • Thomas Scott Schulenberg Tom Johnson in: Thomas Scott Schulenberg: Bar-winged Wood-wren (Henicorhina leucoptera) in Birds of the World . Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY.

Web links

Commons : Bandy-winged wren ( Henicorhina leucoptera )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ IOC World Bird List Dapple-throats, sugarbirds, fairy-bluebirds, kinglets, hyliotas, wrens, gnatcatchers
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g Thomas Scott Schulenberg u. a.
  3. ↑ Niels Krabbe et al. a. P. 58.
  4. ↑ John Weaver Fitzpatrick et al. a., p. 195.
  5. ^ Philip Lutley Sclater et al. a., p. 170.
  6. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 190.
  7. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 225.

Remarks

  1. ↑ Sclater u. a. categorized the forest wren ( Henicorhina leucosticta ( Cabanis , 1847)) as a type for the new genus.