Miconia
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Miconia is a genus of plantswithinthe black- mouthed family (Melastomataceae). With around 1000 species, it is the most species-rich genus of the Melastomataceae and one of the most species-rich genera of the Neotropics . Some species are invasive plants in tropical to subtropical areas of the world.
description
Appearance and leaves
Miconia species grow as shrubs or trees . The young branches of many species are square.
The vein of the leaf consists of three or more (up to nine) arched main veins from the base of the leaf to the tip of the leaf (looks a bit like parallel veins). These main veins are connected to one another by side veins branching off more or less at right angles. The simple leaves are always opposite or whorled . The leaves are hairy in very different ways. There are no stipules.
Inflorescences, flowers, fruits and seeds
The flowers are seldom individually in the leaf axils, usually in large numbers in terminal, panicle inflorescences . In some species the display apparatus is formed by bracts . The hermaphroditic flowers are radially symmetrical to strongly zygomorphic and the double flower envelope is usually four or five-fold, sometimes up to nine. Goblet and crown standing on a formed by the axis core flower cups , of the ovary encloses. The color of the mostly small petals is white, pink or yellow. The lower ovary is two to eight chambers. Pollination is carried out by animals.
The goblet is still present on the berries . The berries are eaten by animals and so the seeds are spread. The seeds are pyramidal or ovoid.
distribution
The genus Miconia is widespread in the Neotropics . There are around 200 species in Ecuador .
Miconia calvescens is a neophyte in Hawaii and Tahiti and this invasive plant is considered to be the greatest threat to the ecosystems of these islands. In Tahiti, Miconia calvescens was planted as an ornamental plant in a private botanical garden in 1937 . Today you can find this on about 70% of Tahiti. Miconia calvescens grows quickly, is shade tolerant, has no natural enemies and produces many seeds with a high germination rate. From Miconia calvescens arise as fast pure stands.
Systematics
The genus Miconia was established in 1794 by Hipólito Ruiz López and José Antonio Pavón y Jiménez in Florae Peruvianae, et Chilensis Prodromus , p. 60. Type species is Miconia triplinervis Ruiz & Pav. The generic name Miconia honors the Spanish doctor and botanist Francisco Micón (1528–1992). Synonyms for Miconia Ruiz & Pav. Are: Abrophaes Raf. , Amphitoma Gleason , Angustinea A. Gray , Augustinea A.St.-Hil. & Naudin , Auliphas Raf. , Catonia P.Browne , Catachaenia Griseb. , Chitonia D.Don = Chaenopleura Rich. ex DC. , Prodr. 3: 197 (today Miconia sect. Chaenopleura (Rich. Ex DC.) Triana ex Benth. & Hook. F. ), Chiloporus Naudin , Chaenophora Rich. ex Crueg. , Clastilix Raf. , Copedesma Gleason , Cremanium D.Don , Cyanophyllum Naudin , Cyathanthera Pohl , Decaraphe Miq. , Diplochita DC. , Diplochiton Spreng. , Eurychaenia Griseb. , Folomfis Raf. , Fothergilla Aubl. nom. illeg., Gallasia Mart. ex DC. , Glossocentrum Crueg. , Graffenrieda Mart. , Gynomphis Raf. , Hartigia Miq. (today Miconia sect. Hartigia (Miq.) Griseb. ), Hypoxanthus Rich. ex DC. , Jucunda Cham. (today Miconia subgen. Jucunda (Cham.) Naudin and Miconia sect. Jucunda (Cham.) Triana ex Benth. & Hook. f. ), Leonicenia Scop. nom. rej ., Lieutautia Buc'hoz , Muelleramra Kuntze , Octomeris Naudin , Pachydesmia Gleason , Pholomphis Raf. , Pleurochaenia Griseb. , Pogonorhynchus crueg. , Pterocladon Hook. f. , Schizanthera Turcz. , Sericola Raf. , Soltmannia ex Naudin , Synoptera Raf. , Tamonea Aubl. ex Krasser , Ziegera Raf. The genus Miconia is not monophyletic and belongs to the tribe Miconieae within the family of Melastomataceae .
The genus Miconia contains over 1000 species. There are over 2000 published names.
swell
- Carmen Ulloa Ulloa & Peter Møller Jørgensen: Miconia at Trees and shrubs of the Andes of Ecuador .
- Renato Goldenberg & Claire Martin: Taxonomic Notes on South American Miconia (Melastomataceae) . In: Harvard Papers in Botany , Volume 13 (2), 2008, pp. 223-227. doi : 10.3100 / 1043-4534-13.2.223
Individual evidence
- ↑ Invasives in Melastomataceae of the World .
- ↑ Miconia at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- ↑ a b Enter Miconia in the search mask at melastomataceae.net . ( Memento of the original from July 15, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Miconia in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
further reading
- Walter S. Judd: Revision of Miconia sect. Chaenopleura (Miconieae, Melastomataceae) in the Greater Antilles . In: Systematic Botany Monographs , Volume 81, 2007, pp. 1-235.
- Renato Goldenberg & Claire Martin: Taxonomic Notes on South American Miconia (Melastomataceae) . In: Harvard Papers in Botany , Volume 13 (2), 2008, pp. 223-227. doi : 10.3100 / 1043-4534-13.2.223
