Sepia wren

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Sepia wren
Systematics
Order : Passerines (Passeriformes)
Subordination : Songbirds (passeri)
Superfamily : Certhioidea
Family : Wrens (Troglodytidae)
Genre : Cinnycerthia
Type : Sepia wren
Scientific name
Cinnycerthia fulva
( Sclater, PL , 1874)

The Sepia Wren ( Cinnycerthia fulva ) or Southern Sepia Wren is a bird art from the family of wrens (Troglodytidae), in Peru and Bolivia is widespread. The IUCN assesses the population as Least Concern .

features

The sepia wren reaches a body length of about 14.5 centimeters with a weight of the male about 18.4 grams and the female about 14.8 grams. The stripe above the eyes and the area above the beak is pale yellow-brown, which contrasts with the matte brown reins and the reddish-brown skull. The ear covers are cinnamon to yellow-brown. Some adult birds have white feathers on their faces, but these are significantly less numerous than those of the Peruvian wren ( Cinnycerthia peruana ). The back is reddish brown and turns reddish brown at the rump . The hand wings and arm wings are reddish brown on the outer flags. Many narrow black rod patterns can be seen on the closed wing. The control springs are reddish brown and also have narrow black horizontal stripes. The throat is yellow-brown and white, the breast is cinnamon-colored to yellow-brown, the flanks and thighs are dark reddish brown. The eyes are nut brown, the upper bill blackish and the lower bill lead gray. The legs are dark brown. Both sexes are similar. Adolescent young animals resemble adult birds, but the eyes appear dull brown and the top of the head is grayish.

Behavior and nutrition

Little is known about the behavior and diet of the sepia wren. It looks for its food in the lower strata within thick undergrowth or on the ground. He is often out and about in smaller groups.

Vocalizations

The singing of the sepia wren has not yet been described. It is believed that he is a rather quiet contemporary compared to the Peruvian wren. The singing is often given in the choir and consists of variable, musical-sounding drumming, whistles and tingling tones. Warning calls often resound in chorus and consist of quick, dry chatter.

Reproduction

Apart from the fact that birds were observed to breed in Bolivia in the La Paz and Cochabamba departments in January , little is known about the breeding biology of the sepia wren.

distribution and habitat

The sepia wren prefers wet mountain forest and moves at altitudes between 1500 and 3300 meters.

migration

It is believed that the sepia wren is a resident bird .

Subspecies

There are three known subspecies:

  • Cinnycerthia fulva fitzpatricki Remsen & Brumfield , 1998 is distributed in the Cordillera Vilcabamba in the south-central region of Peru. This subspecies has a darker skull than the nominate form, a white stripe above the eyes and a yellow-brown to white chin and throat.
  • Cinnycerthia fulva fulva ( Sclater, PL , 1874) is found in the Cusco region.
  • Cinnycerthia fulva gravesi Remsen & Brumfield , 1998 is distributed in southern Peru to central Bolivia. This subspecies is paler on the underside, has a whitish over-eye stripe that stands out against the dark ear-covers.

Etymology and history of research

The sepia wren was first described in 1874 by Philip Lutley Sclater under the scientific name Thryophilus fulvus . The type specimen was collected by Henry Whitely in March 1872 at Husampilla. In 1846, René Primevère Lesson introduced the new generic name Cinnycerthia . This name is made up of "cinnuris κιννυρις " for "a small bird according to Hesychios of Alexandria ", a name that Georges Cuvier used in 1817 for a genus of nectar birds , and "certhios κερθιος " for "a small tree dweller who, according to Aristotle, eats insects" together. The species name "fulva" is derived from the Latin "fulvus" for "yellow-brown". "Fitzpatricki" is dedicated to John Weaver Fitzpatrick , "gravesi" to  Gary Russell Graves .

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h Donald Eugene Kroodsma u. a.
  2. ↑ Thomas Scott Schulenberg u. a., p. 526.
  3. ↑ IOC World Bird List Dapple-throats, sugarbirds, fairy-bluebirds, kinglets, hyliotas, wrens, gnatcatchers
  4. ↑ James Vanderbeek Remsen et al. a., p. 1008.
  5. ^ A b Philip Lutley Sclater, p. 781.
  6. ↑ James Vanderbeek Remsen et al. a., p. 1012.
  7. ^ René Primevère Lesson, p. 182.
  8. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 108.
  9. ↑ James A. Jobling, p. 166.
  10. ↑ James Vanderbeek Remsen et al. a., p. 1010.
  11. ↑ James Vanderbeek Remsen et al. a., p. 1013.

Remarks

  1. ↑ Lesson categorized Cinnycerthia cinnamomea , a synonym for the monochrome wren ( Cinnycerthia unirufa ( Lafresnaye , 1840)), into the new genus.