Valhalla Golf Club and Vendée Globe: Difference between pages

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[[Image:VendeeGlobeRaceRoute.png|300px|right|The route of the [[Vendée Globe]] race.]]
'''Valhalla Golf Club''', located in [[Louisville, Kentucky]], USA, is a private golf club designed by professional golfer [[Jack Nicklaus]]. The course, which sits on a 486-acre (197 ha) property on [[U.S. Route 60|Shelbyville Road]] in the eastern portion of Louisville just outside the [[Interstate 265|Gene Snyder Freeway]], was envisioned by local business leader Dwight Gahm (pronounced "game") and his three sons in [[1981]], and opened in [[1986]].
The '''Vendée Globe''' is a [[circumnavigation|round-the-world]] [[single-handed sailing|single-handed]] [[Yacht racing|yacht race]], sailed non-stop and without assistance.<ref>[http://vendeeglobe.migration.lbn.fr/uk/home ''Vendée Globe''], the official web site (English version)</ref> The race was founded by [[Philippe Jeantot]] in [[1989]], and since [[1992]] has taken place every four years.


As the only single-handed non-stop round-the-world race (in contrast to the [[VELUX 5 Oceans Race]], which is sailed in stages), the race is a serious test of individual endurance, and is regarded by many as the ultimate in ocean racing.
In [[1992]], Valhalla was named as host of the [[1996]] [[PGA Championship]]. The following year, the [[Professional Golfers' Association of America|PGA of America]] purchased a 25% interest in the club. After the 1996 PGA Championship, the PGA of America raised its stake to 50%, and announced that the event would return to Valhalla in [[2000]]. At the end of the 2000 event, the PGA of America exercised an option to purchase the remaining interest in the club. Later that year, it announced that the [[2008 Ryder Cup|2008]] [[Ryder Cup]] would be held at Valhalla.


== History ==
Valhalla also hosted the 2002 [[PGA Club Professional Championship]] and the 2004 [[Senior PGA Championship]].


The race was founded in 1989 by French yachtsman [[Philippe Jeantot]]. Jeantot had competed in the [[VELUX 5 Oceans Race|''BOC Challenge'']] (now the ''VELUX 5 Oceans Race'') in 1982-1983 and 1986-1987, winning both times; dissatisfied with the "stopping" format, he decided to set up a new non-stop race, which he felt would be the ultimate challenge for [[single-handed sailing|single-handed]] sailors.<ref>[http://vendeeglobe.migration.lbn.fr/uk/presentation <s>''Introduction''], <s>from the official web site</s></s></ref>
==Major tournaments hosted==

The [[1996 PGA Championship]] was won in a play-off by Mark Brooks over Kenny Perry with a birdie on the first extra hole, which was Mark Brooks' first and only major title. The [[2000 PGA Championship]] was won also in a play-off by Tiger Woods over Bob May in a three hole format. Tiger Woods had a 3-4-5=12 to Bob May's 4-4-5=13. This was Tiger Woods' second PGA Championship for his career, and was Woods' fifth major overall. The United States defeated Europe in the [[2008 Ryder Cup]] with a score of 16½ to 11½.
The first edition of the race was run in [[1989]]-[[1990]], and was won by [[Titouan Lamazou]]; Jeantot himself took part, and placed fourth.<ref>[http://vendeeglobe.migration.lbn.fr/uk/historique ''1989/1990 Edition: A great race is born''], from the official web site</ref> The next edition of the race was in [[1992]]-[[1993]]; since then it has been run every four years.
[[Image:RyderCup2008Logo.svg|right|100px|right]]

[[Image:2000PGALogo.jpg|100px|right|]]
== The boats ==
[[Image:1996PGALogo.jpg|100px|right]]

{| class="wikitable"
The race is open to monohull yachts conforming to the [[International Monohull Open Classes Association|Open 60]] class criteria. (Prior to 2004, the race was also open to Open 50 boats.) The Open classes are unrestricted in certain aspects but a box rule governs parameters such as overall length, draught, appendages and stability, as well as numerous other safety features.

== The race ==

The race starts and finishes in [[Les Sables-d'Olonne]], in the [[Vendée]] [[département]] of [[France]]; both Les Sables d’Olonne and the Vendée Conseil Général are official race sponsors.<ref>[http://vendeeglobe.migration.lbn.fr/uk/partenaires ''Partners''], from the official web site</ref> The course is essentially a circumnavigation along the [[clipper route]]: from Les Sables d’Olonne, down the [[Atlantic Ocean]] to the [[Cape of Good Hope]]; then clockwise around [[Antarctica]], keeping [[Cape Leeuwin]] and [[Cape Horn]] to port; then back to Les Sables d’Olonne.<ref>[http://vendeeglobe.migration.lbn.fr/uk/parcours ''Route''], from the official web site</ref> The race generally runs from November to February; it is timed to place the competitors in the [[Southern Ocean]] in [[summer]].

Additional waypoints may be set in the sailing instructions for a particular race, in order to ensure safety relative to ice conditions, etc. For example, in 2004, the racers had to pass north of the following flexible waypoints:<ref>[http://vendeeglobe.migration.lbn.fr/popup.php?L=UK&T=classhelp ''Positions and Theoretical Route''], from the official web site</ref>
* a gate south of South Africa, situated at 44° South, between 005° East and 014° East
* [[Heard Island]]
* a gate to the South west of Australia, situated at 47° South, between 103° East and 113° East
* a gate to the south east of Australia, situated at 52° South, between 136° East and 147° East
* a gate in the Pacific Ocean, situated at 55° South, between 160° West and 149° West
* a gate in the Pacific Ocean, situated at 55° South, between 126° West and 115° West

The competitors may stop at anchor, but may not draw alongside a quay or another vessel; they may receive no outside assistance, including customised weather or routing information. The only exception is that a competitor who has an early problem may return to the start for repairs and then re-start the race, as long the re-start is within 10 days of the official start.<ref>[http://vendeeglobe.migration.lbn.fr/uk/reglement ''Main Rules for the Vendée Globe 2004''], from the official web site</ref>

The race presents significant challenges; most notably the severe wind and wave conditions in the [[Southern Ocean]], the long unassisted duration of the race, and the fact that the course takes competitors far from the reach of any normal emergency response. A significant proportion of the entrants usually retire, and in the [[1996]]-[[1997]] race Canadian [[Gerry Roufs]] was tragically lost at sea.<ref>[http://vendeeglobe.migration.lbn.fr/uk/historique ''1996/1997 Edition : The Globe spinning out of control''], from the official web site</ref>

To mitigate the risks, competitors are required to undergo medical and survival courses. They must also be able to demonstrate prior racing experience; either a completed single-handed trans-oceanic race, or a completion of the previous ''Vendée Globe''. The qualifying passage must have been completed on the same boat to be raced in the ''Vendée''; or the competitor must complete an additional trans-oceanic observation passage, of not less than 2,500 miles, in that boat, at an average speed of at least 7 [[knot (speed)|knot]]s (13&nbsp;[[kilometre per hour|km/h]]).<ref>[http://vendeeglobe.migration.lbn.fr/uk/reglement ''Main Rules for the Vendée Globe 2004''], from the official web site</ref> Since trans-ocean races typically have significant qualifying criteria of their own,<ref>[http://www.o6t.com/index.cfm?articleid=74 ''Qualifying for the Route du Rhum''], Conrad Humphreys Racing</ref> any entrant to the ''Vendée'' will have amassed substantial sailing experience.

== Previous results ==

=== 1989-1990 ===

The inaugural edition of the race was led from early on by the eventual winner, [[Titouan Lamazou]], on ''Ecureuil d'Aquitaine II''. [[Philippe Jeantot]], the race's founder, had problems with breakdowns, and then unfavourable winds, which held him back from the race lead. [[Philippe Poupon]]'s [[ketch]] ''Fleury Michon X'' capsized in the [[Southern Ocean]]; Poupon was rescued by [[Loïck Peyron]], who finally finished second, in what was generally a successful first run of the race.<ref>[http://vendeeglobe.migration.lbn.fr/uk/historique ''1989/1990 Edition: A great race is born''], from the official web site</ref>

{|class="wikitable" width=600px
!Name !!Yacht !! Nationality !! Time
|-
|-
| [[Titouan Lamazou]] || Ecureuil d'Aquitaine II ||{{FRA}} || 109 d 08 h 48'50''
!Year!!Tournament!!Winner
|-
|-
| [[Loïck Peyron]]|| Lada Poch ||{{FRA}} || 110 d 01 h 18'06''
|'''1996''' ||[[PGA Championship]] ||{{flagicon|USA}}[[Mark Brooks (golfer)|Mark Brooks]]
|-
|-
| [[Jean-Luc Van den Heede]]|| 36.15 MET ||{{FRA}} || 112 d 01 h 14'00''
|'''2000''' ||[[PGA Championship]] ||{{flagicon|USA}}[[Tiger Woods]]
|-
|-
| [[Philippe Jeantot]]|| Crédit Agricole IV || {{FRA}} || 113 d 23 h 47'47''
|2008 ||[[2008 Ryder Cup|Ryder Cup]] ||{{flagicon|USA}}[[United States]]
|-
| [[Pierre Follenfant]] || TBS-Charente Maritime ||{{FRA}} ||114 d 21 h 09'06''
|-
| [[Alain Gautier]] || Generali Concorde ||{{FRA}} || 132 d 13 h 01'48''
|-
| [[Jean-François Coste]] || Cacharel || {{FRA}} || 163 d 01 h 19'20''
|-
!colspan=4|Did not finish
|-
| [[Patrice Carpentier]]|| Le Nouvel Observateur ||{{FRA}} ||damaged auto-pilot (Falklands)
|-
| [[Mike Plant]]|| Duracell || {{USA}} || received help (New Zealand)
|-
| [[Bertie Reed]] || Grinaker || {{RSA}} ||damaged rudder
|-
| [[Jean-Yves Terlain]] || UAP ||{{FRA}} ||dismasted
|-
| [[Philippe Poupon]] || Fleury Michon X ||{{FRA}} ||capsized
|-
| [[Guy Bernardin]] || O-Kay ||{{USA}} || toothache
|}
|}
=== 1992-1993 ===
'''Bolded Years''' are [[Men's major golf championships|major championships]] on the [[PGA Tour]].

The second edition of the race attracted a great deal of media coverage; with several participants from the first race, and some promising newcomers, it was set to be an exciting event. Unfortunately, American [[Mike Plant]], one of the entrants in the first race, failed to make the start; he was lost at sea on the way to the race.

The race set off into extremely bad weather in the [[Bay of Biscay]]; several racers returned to the start to make repairs, before setting off again (the only stopover allowed by the rules). Four days after the start, British sailor [[Nigel Burgess]] was found drowned off [[Cape Finisterre]], having presumably fallen overboard. [[Alain Gautier]] and [[Bertrand de Broc]] led the race down the Atlantic; however, keel problems forced de Broc to retire in [[New Zealand]]. Gautier continued with [[Philippe Poupon]] close behind, but a dismasting close to the finish held Poupon back and gave second place to [[Jean-Luc van den Heede]].<ref>[http://vendeeglobe.migration.lbn.fr/uk/historique ''1992/1993 Edition: The edition with the first real dramas''], from the official web site</ref>

{|class="wikitable" width=600px
!Name !!Yacht !! Nationality !! Time
|-
| [[Alain Gautier]] || Bagages Superior || {{FRA}} || 110 d 02 h 22'35''
|-
| [[Jean-Luc van den Heede]]|| Groupe Sofap-Helvim ||{{FRA}} || 116 d 15 h 01'11''
|-
| [[Philippe Poupon]] || Fleury-Michon X ||{{FRA}} || 117 d 03 h 34'24''
|-
| [[Yves Parlier]]|| Cacolac d'Aquitaine ||{{FRA}} || 125 d 02 h 42'24''
|-
| [[Nándor Fa]] || K&H Banque Matav || {{HUN}} || 128 d 16 h 05'04''
|-
| [[José de Ugarte]]|| Euskadi Europ 93 BBK || {{ESP}} || 134 d 05 h 04'00''
|-
| [[Jean-Yves Hasselin]]|| PRB/Solo Nantes ||{{FRA}} || 153 d 05 h 14'00''
|-
!colspan=4|Did not finish
|-
| [[Bernard Gallay]]|| Vuarnet Watches ||{{SUI}} || rigging problems
|-
| [[Vittorio Malingri]]|| Everlast/Neil Pryde Sails ||{{ITA}} || lost rudder
|-
| [[Bertrand de Broc]]|| Groupe LG ||{{FRA}} ||keel problems
|-
| [[Alan Wynne-Thomas]] || Cardiff Discovery ||{{GBR}} ||medical reasons
|-
| [[Loïck Peyron]]|| Fujicolor III ||{{FRA}} ||sail failure
|-
| [[Thierry Arnaud]]|| Maître Coq/Le Monde ||{{FRA}} ||unprepared
|-
| [[Nigel Burgess]] || Nigel Burgess Yachts || {{GBR}} ||lost at sea
|-
| [[Mike Plant]] || Duracell || {{USA}} ||lost at sea while relying departure
|}

=== 1996-1997 ===

Another heavy-weather start in the Bay of Biscay knocked [[Nandor Fa]] and [[Didier Munduteguy]] out of the race early; several others once again returned to the start for repairs before continuing. The rest of the fleet raced to the Southern Ocean, where a second attrition began. [[Yves Parlier]] was knocked out after hitting ice, and [[Isabelle Autissier]] had rudder damage, leaving [[Christophe Auguin]] to lead the way into the south.

Heavy weather took a more serious toll in the far Southern Ocean. [[Raphaël Dinelli]] was capsized and dramatically rescued by [[Pete Goss]]; then, within a few hours of each other, [[Thierry Dubois]] and [[Tony Bullimore]] were capsized, and rescued by Australian rescue teams. Finally, contact was lost with [[Gerry Roufs]]; despite four of the racers combing the ocean, no trace of him was found.

The race was won by [[Christophe Auguin]]; and [[Catherine Chabaud]], sixth and last, was the first woman to finish the race.<ref>[http://vendeeglobe.migration.lbn.fr/uk/historique ''1996/1997 Edition : The Globe spinning out of control''], from the official web site</ref>

Pete Goss was later awarded the [[Légion d'honneur]] for his rescue of Dinelli.<ref>[http://www.nyt.co.uk/pete.goss.htm ''Pete Goss MBE''], from Now You're Talking</ref> The capsize of several boats in this race prompted tightening up of the safety rules for entrants, particularly regarding boat safety and stability.<ref>[http://www.sailnet.com/collections/articles/index.cfm?articleid=ddcksn0357 ''Vendée Globe — Entering a New Era''], from Sailnet.com</ref>

The book ''Godforsaken Sea: The True Story of a Race Through the World's Most Dangerous Waters'' by [[Derek Lundy]] profiles this edition of the race.<ref>''Godforsaken Sea: The True Story of a Race Through the World's Most Dangerous Waters'', by Derek Lundy. Anchor, 2000. ISBN 0385720009</ref>

{|class="wikitable" width=600px
!Name !!Yacht !! Nationality !! Time
|-
| [[Christophe Auguin]] || Geodis || {{FRA}} || 105 d 20 h 31'
|-
| [[Marc Thiercelin]] || Crédit Immobilier ||{{FRA}} || 113 d 08 h 26'
|-
| [[Hervé Laurent]] || Groupe LG-Traitmat || {{FRA}} || 114 d 16 h 43'
|-
| [[Eric Dumont]] || Café Legal-Le Goût || {{FRA}} || 116 d 16 h 43'
|-
| [[Pete Goss]] || Aqua Quorum ||{{GBR}} || 126 d 21 h 25'
|-
| [[Catherine Chabaud]] || Whirlpool-Europe 2 || {{FRA}} ||140 d 04 h 38'
|-
!colspan=4|Did not finish
|-
| [[Isabelle Autissier]]|| PRB ||{{FRA}} ||broken rudder
|-
| [[Yves Parlier]]|| Aquitaine Innovations ||{{FRA}} ||broken rudder
|-
| [[Bertrand de Broc]]|| Pommes Rhône Alpes || {{FRA}} ||capsized
|-
| [[Tony Bullimore]]|| Exide Challenger ||{{GBR}} ||capsized
|-
| [[Thierry Dubois]]|| Amnesty International ||{{FRA}} ||capsized
|-
| [[Nándor Fa]] || Budapest || {{HUN}} || collision
|-
| [[Didier Munduteguy]] || Club 60è Sud || {{FRA}} ||dismasted
|-
| [[Raphaël Dinelli]] || Algimouss ||{{FRA}} ||capsized
|-
| [[Patrick de Radiguès]] || Afibel || {{BEL}} || beached
|-
| [[Gerry Roufs]] || Groupe LG2 || {{CAN}} || lost at sea
|}

=== 2000-2001 ===

This race was the first major test of the new safety rules, introduced following the tragedy in the previous race. Overall, it was a success; although some boats were again forced to retire from the race, none were lost. This race also featured the youngest entrant ever; [[Ellen MacArthur]] of the UK, who at 24 years old had managed to put together a serious campaign with her custom-built boat ''Kingfisher''.

[[Yves Parlier]] of France, on ''Aquitaine Innovations'', was the first to establish a lead; however, this was soon under attack by [[Michel Desjoyeaux]] on ''PRB'', who moved into the lead. Pushing hard to catch up, Parlier was dismasted and lost contact with race organisers. MacArthur diverted to render assistance, but was then told to resume racing when contact with Parlier was restored, and managed to maintain fourth place.

Desjoyeaux extended his lead to 600 miles by [[Cape Horn]]; however, MacArthur was closing steadily, having moved up to second place. By the mid-Atlantic she had caught up, and while negotiating the calms and variable winds of the Doldrums, the two traded the lead position several times.

MacArthur's chances of a win were ruined when she struck a semi-submerged [[containerization|container]] and was forced to make repairs. Desjoyeaux won the race; but MacArthur pulled in just over a day later, to a rapturous reception, as the fastest single-handed woman around the planet. Parlier, meanwhile, had anchored off [[New Zealand]], and managed to fabricate a new [[carbon-fiber|carbon-fibre]] mast from the remains of his broken mast, all without outside assistance. He continued racing, and gained an official place.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/in_depth/2001/vendee_globe/1162111.stm ''Vendee Globe: The full story''], from the BBC</ref><ref>[http://vendeeglobe.migration.lbn.fr/uk/historique ''2000/2001 Edition : The Express Globe''], from the official web site</ref>

{|class="wikitable" width=600px
!Name !!Yacht !! Nationality !! Time
|-
| [[Michel Desjoyeaux]] || PRB ||{{FRA}} || 93 d 3 h 57'
|-
| [[Ellen MacArthur]] || Kingfisher || {{GBR}} || 94 d 4 h 25'
|-
| [[Roland Jourdain]] || Sill Matines La potagère || {{FRA}} || 96 d 1 h 2'
|-
| [[Marc Thiercelin]] || Active Wear ||{{FRA}} || 102 d 20 h 37'
|-
| [[Dominic Wavre]] || Union bancaire Privée ||{{SUI}} || 105 d 2 h 45'
|-
| [[Thomas Coville]]|| Sodébo || {{FRA}} || 105 d 7 h 24'
|-
| [[Mike Golding]]|| Team Group 4 || {{GBR}} || 110 d 16 h 22'
|-
| [[Bernard Gallay]]|| Voilà.fr || {{FRA}}/{{SUI}} || 111 d 16 h 7'
|-
| [[Josh Hall]] || Gartmore || {{GBR}} || 111 d 19 h 48'
|-
| [[Joé Seeten]]|| Chocolats du Monde || {{FRA}} || 115 d 16 h 46'
|-
| [[Patrice Carpentier]]|| VM Matériaux || {{FRA}} || 116 d 00 h 32'
|-
| [[Simone Bianchetti]] || Aquarelle.com ||{{ITA}} || 121 d 1 h 28'
|-
| [[Yves Parlier]]|| Aquitaine Innovations ||{{FRA}} ||126 d 23 h 36''
|-
| [[Didier Munduteguy]] || DDP/60è Sud ||{{FRA}} || 135 d 15 h 17'
|-
| [[Pasquale de Gregorio]]|| Wind Telecommunicazioni ||{{ITA}} || 158 d 2 h 37'
|-
!colspan=4|Did not finish
|-
| [[Catherine Chabaud]] || Whirlpool ||{{FRA}} || lost her mast
|-
| [[Thierry Dubois]]|| Solidaires || {{FRA}} || electronic problems
|-
| [[Raphaël Dinelli]] || Sogal Extenso ||{{FRA}} || damaged rudder
|-
| [[Fedor Konioukhov]]|| Modern Univ./Humanities ||{{RUS}} || retired
|-
| [[Javier Sanso]]|| Old Spice ||{{ESP}} || retired
|-
| [[Eric Dumont]] || Euroka Services ||{{FRA}} || damaged rudder
|-
| [[Richard Tolkien]] || ? ||{{GBR}} || rig damage
|-
| [[Bernard Stamm]] || Armor-Lux/foies Gras || {{SUI}} || steering problem
|-
| [[Patrick de Radiguès]] || Libre Belgique || {{BEL}} || beached
|}

=== 2004-2005 ===

300,000 people watched the start of the [[2004]] race, which for once took place in mild weather. A fast start was followed by a few minor equipment problems; still, the first racers crossed the [[equator]] after just 10 days, 3 days faster than the previous race, and all of the starters were still sailing.

Attrition began on entry into the [[roaring forties]]: Alex Thomson diverted to [[Cape Town]] to make unassisted repairs and continue racing, and a number of other problems hit the fleet; then [[Hervé Laurent]] retired with serious rudder problems. Thomson retired, and [[Conrad Humphreys]] anchored to make unassisted rudder repairs. Gear problems and retirements continued; then the fleet ran into an area of ice, with [[Sébastien Josse]] hitting a berg head-on.

As the fleet re-entered the Atlantic, the lead changed several times; the race remained close right to the finish, which saw three boats finish within 29 hours.<ref>[http://vendeeglobe.migration.lbn.fr/uk/magazine/3999.html ''Vendée Globe 2004: A Look Back at the Race''], from the official web site</ref><ref>[http://vendeeglobe.migration.lbn.fr/uk/classements ''Rankings and Positions''], from the official web site</ref><ref>[http://sailing.about.com/b/a/153679.htm ''Vendée Globe 2004-05 Final Results''], from about.com</ref>

{|class="wikitable" width=600px
!Name !!Yacht !! Nationality !! Time
|-
| [[Vincent Riou]]|| PRB || {{FRA}} || 87 d 10 h 47'55''
|-
| [[Jean Le Cam]] || Bonduelle || {{FRA}} || 87 d 17 h 20'8''
|-
| [[Mike Golding]]|| Ecover || {{GBR}} || 88 d 15 h 15'13''
|-
| [[Dominique Wavre]] || Temenos || {{SUI}} || 92 d 17 h 13'20''
|-
| [[Sébastien Josse]] || VMI || {{FRA}} || 93 d0 h 2'10''
|-
| [[Jean-Pierre Dick]]|| Virbac-Paprec || {{FRA}} || 98 d3 h 49'38''
|-
| [[Conrad Humphreys]]|| Hellomoto || {{GBR}} || 104 d 14 h 32'24''
|-
| [[Joé Seeten]]|| Arcelor Dunkerque || {{FRA}} || 104 d 23 h 2'45''
|-
| [[Bruce Schwab]]|| Ocean Planet || {{USA}} || 109 d 19 h 58'57''
|-
| [[Benoît Parnaudeau]] || Max Havelaar / Best Western || {{FRA}}/{{CAN}} || 116 d 1 h 6'54
|-
| [[Anne Liardet]] || ROXY || {{FRA}} || 119 d 5 h 28'40''
|-
| [[Raphaël Dinelli]] || AKENA Vérandas || {{FRA}} || 125 d 4 h 7'14''
|-
| [[Karen Leibovici (sailor)|Karen Leibovici]] || Benefic || {{FRA}} || 126 d 8 h 2'20''
|-
!colspan=4|Did not finish
|-
| [[Marc Thiercelin]] || Pro-Form || {{FRA}} || retired
|-
| [[Roland Jourdain]] || Sill Véolia || {{FRA}} || retired
|-
| [[Alex Thomson (sailor)|Alex Thomson]] || Hugo Boss || {{GBR}} || retired
|-
| [[Patrice Carpentier]] || VM Matériaux || {{FRA}} || retired
|-
| [[Nick Moloney]] || Skandia || {{AUS}} || retired
|-
| [[Hervé Laurent]] || UUDS || {{FRA}} || retired
|-
| [[Norbert Sedlacek]] || Brother || {{flagcountry|Austria}} || retired
|}

=== 2008-2009 ===

The 2008 edition of the Vendée Globe is due to start on November 9, 2008.

{|class="wikitable" width=600px
!Name !!Yacht !! Nationality !! Time
|-
| [[Unai Basurko]]|| Pakea Bizkaia || {{ESP}} ||
|-
| [[Yannick Bestaven]] || Energies Autour du Monde || {{FRA}} ||
|-
| [[Jérémie Beyou]] || Delta Dore || {{FRA}} ||
|-
| [[Arnaud Boissières]] || Akena Verandas || {{FRA}} ||
|-
| [[Dee Caffari]] || Aviva || {{GBR}} ||
|-
| [[Samantha Davies]] || Roxy || {{GBR}} ||
|-
| [[Kito de Pavant]] || Groupe Bel || {{FRA}} ||
|-
| [[Jean-Baptiste Dejeanty]] || Groupe Maisonneuve || {{FRA}} ||
|-
| [[Michel Desjoyeaux]] || Foncia || {{FRA}} ||
|-
| [[Jean-Pierre Dick]]|| Paprec-Virbac 2 || {{FRA}} ||
|-
| [[Raphaël Dinelli]] || Fondation Ocean Vital || {{FRA}} ||
|-
| [[Yann Eliès]] || Generali || {{FRA}} ||
|-
| [[Mike Golding]]|| Ecover 3 || {{GBR}} ||
|-
| [[Marc Guillemot]] || Safran || {{FRA}} ||
|-
| [[Derek Hatfield]] || Algimouss Spirit of Canada || {{CAN}} ||
|-
| [[Sébastien Josse]] || BT || {{FRA}} ||
|-
| [[Roland Jourdain]] || Veolia Environnement || {{FRA}} ||
|-
| [[Jean Le Cam]] || VM Matériaux || {{FRA}} ||
|-
| [[Armel Le Cléac’h]] || Brit Air || {{FRA}} ||
|-
| [[Jonny Malbon]] || Artemis || {{GBR}} ||
|-
| [[Loïck Peyron]] || Gitana Eighty || {{FRA}} ||
|-
| [[Vincent Riou]] || PRB || {{FRA}} ||
|-
| [[Norbert Sedlacek]] || Nauticsport-Kapsch || {{AUT}} ||
|-
| [[Bernard Stamm]] || Cheminées Poujoulat || {{SUI}} ||
|-
| [[Marc Thiercelin]] || DCNS || {{FRA}} ||
|-
| [[Brian Thompson]] || Pindar || {{GBR}} ||
|-
| [[Alex Thomson]] || Hugo Boss || {{GBR}} ||
|-
| [[Dominique Wavre]] || Temenos || {{SUI}} ||
|-
| [[Steve White]] || Spirit of Weymouth || {{GBR}} ||
|-
| [[Rich Wilson]] || Great American III || {{USA}} ||
|}

== See also ==
* [[VELUX 5 Oceans Race]]
* [[Route du Rhum]]
* [[Volvo Ocean Race]]
* [[Clipper Round the World Yacht Race]]
* [[Global Challenge]]

== External links ==


* [http://www.vendeeglobe.org/en/ Official website]
==See also==
* [http://ecolecentreferte.free.fr/Vendee-globe/Les-cartes.htm A diagram of the race]
*[[List of attractions and events in Louisville]]


==External links==
== References ==
*[http://valhallagolfclub.com/ Official Valhalla Golf Club Website]
*[http://www.nicklaus.com/design/valhalla/ Nicklaus Design's Valhalla Golf Club webpage]
*[http://www.rydercup.com/2008/course/history.html Course description at 2008 Ryder Cup site]
*[http://www.pga.com/rydercup/2008/index.html 2008 Ryder Cup Website]
*[http://www.ryderdiary.com Ryder Cup Diary (Independent)]


<div class="references-small">
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[[Category:Golf clubs and courses in Kentucky]]
[[Category:Single-handed sailing]]
[[Category:Sports venues in Louisville]]
[[Category:Yachting races]]
[[Category:Ryder Cup venues]]


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Revision as of 21:44, 10 October 2008

The route of the Vendée Globe race.
The route of the Vendée Globe race.

The Vendée Globe is a round-the-world single-handed yacht race, sailed non-stop and without assistance.[1] The race was founded by Philippe Jeantot in 1989, and since 1992 has taken place every four years.

As the only single-handed non-stop round-the-world race (in contrast to the VELUX 5 Oceans Race, which is sailed in stages), the race is a serious test of individual endurance, and is regarded by many as the ultimate in ocean racing.

History

The race was founded in 1989 by French yachtsman Philippe Jeantot. Jeantot had competed in the BOC Challenge (now the VELUX 5 Oceans Race) in 1982-1983 and 1986-1987, winning both times; dissatisfied with the "stopping" format, he decided to set up a new non-stop race, which he felt would be the ultimate challenge for single-handed sailors.[2]

The first edition of the race was run in 1989-1990, and was won by Titouan Lamazou; Jeantot himself took part, and placed fourth.[3] The next edition of the race was in 1992-1993; since then it has been run every four years.

The boats

The race is open to monohull yachts conforming to the Open 60 class criteria. (Prior to 2004, the race was also open to Open 50 boats.) The Open classes are unrestricted in certain aspects but a box rule governs parameters such as overall length, draught, appendages and stability, as well as numerous other safety features.

The race

The race starts and finishes in Les Sables-d'Olonne, in the Vendée département of France; both Les Sables d’Olonne and the Vendée Conseil Général are official race sponsors.[4] The course is essentially a circumnavigation along the clipper route: from Les Sables d’Olonne, down the Atlantic Ocean to the Cape of Good Hope; then clockwise around Antarctica, keeping Cape Leeuwin and Cape Horn to port; then back to Les Sables d’Olonne.[5] The race generally runs from November to February; it is timed to place the competitors in the Southern Ocean in summer.

Additional waypoints may be set in the sailing instructions for a particular race, in order to ensure safety relative to ice conditions, etc. For example, in 2004, the racers had to pass north of the following flexible waypoints:[6]

  • a gate south of South Africa, situated at 44° South, between 005° East and 014° East
  • Heard Island
  • a gate to the South west of Australia, situated at 47° South, between 103° East and 113° East
  • a gate to the south east of Australia, situated at 52° South, between 136° East and 147° East
  • a gate in the Pacific Ocean, situated at 55° South, between 160° West and 149° West
  • a gate in the Pacific Ocean, situated at 55° South, between 126° West and 115° West

The competitors may stop at anchor, but may not draw alongside a quay or another vessel; they may receive no outside assistance, including customised weather or routing information. The only exception is that a competitor who has an early problem may return to the start for repairs and then re-start the race, as long the re-start is within 10 days of the official start.[7]

The race presents significant challenges; most notably the severe wind and wave conditions in the Southern Ocean, the long unassisted duration of the race, and the fact that the course takes competitors far from the reach of any normal emergency response. A significant proportion of the entrants usually retire, and in the 1996-1997 race Canadian Gerry Roufs was tragically lost at sea.[8]

To mitigate the risks, competitors are required to undergo medical and survival courses. They must also be able to demonstrate prior racing experience; either a completed single-handed trans-oceanic race, or a completion of the previous Vendée Globe. The qualifying passage must have been completed on the same boat to be raced in the Vendée; or the competitor must complete an additional trans-oceanic observation passage, of not less than 2,500 miles, in that boat, at an average speed of at least 7 knots (13 km/h).[9] Since trans-ocean races typically have significant qualifying criteria of their own,[10] any entrant to the Vendée will have amassed substantial sailing experience.

Previous results

1989-1990

The inaugural edition of the race was led from early on by the eventual winner, Titouan Lamazou, on Ecureuil d'Aquitaine II. Philippe Jeantot, the race's founder, had problems with breakdowns, and then unfavourable winds, which held him back from the race lead. Philippe Poupon's ketch Fleury Michon X capsized in the Southern Ocean; Poupon was rescued by Loïck Peyron, who finally finished second, in what was generally a successful first run of the race.[11]

Name Yacht Nationality Time
Titouan Lamazou Ecureuil d'Aquitaine II  France 109 d 08 h 48'50
Loïck Peyron Lada Poch  France 110 d 01 h 18'06
Jean-Luc Van den Heede 36.15 MET  France 112 d 01 h 14'00
Philippe Jeantot Crédit Agricole IV  France 113 d 23 h 47'47
Pierre Follenfant TBS-Charente Maritime  France 114 d 21 h 09'06
Alain Gautier Generali Concorde  France 132 d 13 h 01'48
Jean-François Coste Cacharel  France 163 d 01 h 19'20
Did not finish
Patrice Carpentier Le Nouvel Observateur  France damaged auto-pilot (Falklands)
Mike Plant Duracell  United States received help (New Zealand)
Bertie Reed Grinaker  South Africa damaged rudder
Jean-Yves Terlain UAP  France dismasted
Philippe Poupon Fleury Michon X  France capsized
Guy Bernardin O-Kay  United States toothache

1992-1993

The second edition of the race attracted a great deal of media coverage; with several participants from the first race, and some promising newcomers, it was set to be an exciting event. Unfortunately, American Mike Plant, one of the entrants in the first race, failed to make the start; he was lost at sea on the way to the race.

The race set off into extremely bad weather in the Bay of Biscay; several racers returned to the start to make repairs, before setting off again (the only stopover allowed by the rules). Four days after the start, British sailor Nigel Burgess was found drowned off Cape Finisterre, having presumably fallen overboard. Alain Gautier and Bertrand de Broc led the race down the Atlantic; however, keel problems forced de Broc to retire in New Zealand. Gautier continued with Philippe Poupon close behind, but a dismasting close to the finish held Poupon back and gave second place to Jean-Luc van den Heede.[12]

Name Yacht Nationality Time
Alain Gautier Bagages Superior  France 110 d 02 h 22'35
Jean-Luc van den Heede Groupe Sofap-Helvim  France 116 d 15 h 01'11
Philippe Poupon Fleury-Michon X  France 117 d 03 h 34'24
Yves Parlier Cacolac d'Aquitaine  France 125 d 02 h 42'24
Nándor Fa K&H Banque Matav  Hungary 128 d 16 h 05'04
José de Ugarte Euskadi Europ 93 BBK  Spain 134 d 05 h 04'00
Jean-Yves Hasselin PRB/Solo Nantes  France 153 d 05 h 14'00
Did not finish
Bernard Gallay Vuarnet Watches  Switzerland rigging problems
Vittorio Malingri Everlast/Neil Pryde Sails  Italy lost rudder
Bertrand de Broc Groupe LG  France keel problems
Alan Wynne-Thomas Cardiff Discovery  United Kingdom medical reasons
Loïck Peyron Fujicolor III  France sail failure
Thierry Arnaud Maître Coq/Le Monde  France unprepared
Nigel Burgess Nigel Burgess Yachts  United Kingdom lost at sea
Mike Plant Duracell  United States lost at sea while relying departure

1996-1997

Another heavy-weather start in the Bay of Biscay knocked Nandor Fa and Didier Munduteguy out of the race early; several others once again returned to the start for repairs before continuing. The rest of the fleet raced to the Southern Ocean, where a second attrition began. Yves Parlier was knocked out after hitting ice, and Isabelle Autissier had rudder damage, leaving Christophe Auguin to lead the way into the south.

Heavy weather took a more serious toll in the far Southern Ocean. Raphaël Dinelli was capsized and dramatically rescued by Pete Goss; then, within a few hours of each other, Thierry Dubois and Tony Bullimore were capsized, and rescued by Australian rescue teams. Finally, contact was lost with Gerry Roufs; despite four of the racers combing the ocean, no trace of him was found.

The race was won by Christophe Auguin; and Catherine Chabaud, sixth and last, was the first woman to finish the race.[13]

Pete Goss was later awarded the Légion d'honneur for his rescue of Dinelli.[14] The capsize of several boats in this race prompted tightening up of the safety rules for entrants, particularly regarding boat safety and stability.[15]

The book Godforsaken Sea: The True Story of a Race Through the World's Most Dangerous Waters by Derek Lundy profiles this edition of the race.[16]

Name Yacht Nationality Time
Christophe Auguin Geodis  France 105 d 20 h 31'
Marc Thiercelin Crédit Immobilier  France 113 d 08 h 26'
Hervé Laurent Groupe LG-Traitmat  France 114 d 16 h 43'
Eric Dumont Café Legal-Le Goût  France 116 d 16 h 43'
Pete Goss Aqua Quorum  United Kingdom 126 d 21 h 25'
Catherine Chabaud Whirlpool-Europe 2  France 140 d 04 h 38'
Did not finish
Isabelle Autissier PRB  France broken rudder
Yves Parlier Aquitaine Innovations  France broken rudder
Bertrand de Broc Pommes Rhône Alpes  France capsized
Tony Bullimore Exide Challenger  United Kingdom capsized
Thierry Dubois Amnesty International  France capsized
Nándor Fa Budapest  Hungary collision
Didier Munduteguy Club 60è Sud  France dismasted
Raphaël Dinelli Algimouss  France capsized
Patrick de Radiguès Afibel  Belgium beached
Gerry Roufs Groupe LG2  Canada lost at sea

2000-2001

This race was the first major test of the new safety rules, introduced following the tragedy in the previous race. Overall, it was a success; although some boats were again forced to retire from the race, none were lost. This race also featured the youngest entrant ever; Ellen MacArthur of the UK, who at 24 years old had managed to put together a serious campaign with her custom-built boat Kingfisher.

Yves Parlier of France, on Aquitaine Innovations, was the first to establish a lead; however, this was soon under attack by Michel Desjoyeaux on PRB, who moved into the lead. Pushing hard to catch up, Parlier was dismasted and lost contact with race organisers. MacArthur diverted to render assistance, but was then told to resume racing when contact with Parlier was restored, and managed to maintain fourth place.

Desjoyeaux extended his lead to 600 miles by Cape Horn; however, MacArthur was closing steadily, having moved up to second place. By the mid-Atlantic she had caught up, and while negotiating the calms and variable winds of the Doldrums, the two traded the lead position several times.

MacArthur's chances of a win were ruined when she struck a semi-submerged container and was forced to make repairs. Desjoyeaux won the race; but MacArthur pulled in just over a day later, to a rapturous reception, as the fastest single-handed woman around the planet. Parlier, meanwhile, had anchored off New Zealand, and managed to fabricate a new carbon-fibre mast from the remains of his broken mast, all without outside assistance. He continued racing, and gained an official place.[17][18]

Name Yacht Nationality Time
Michel Desjoyeaux PRB  France 93 d 3 h 57'
Ellen MacArthur Kingfisher  United Kingdom 94 d 4 h 25'
Roland Jourdain Sill Matines La potagère  France 96 d 1 h 2'
Marc Thiercelin Active Wear  France 102 d 20 h 37'
Dominic Wavre Union bancaire Privée  Switzerland 105 d 2 h 45'
Thomas Coville Sodébo  France 105 d 7 h 24'
Mike Golding Team Group 4  United Kingdom 110 d 16 h 22'
Bernard Gallay Voilà.fr  France/ Switzerland 111 d 16 h 7'
Josh Hall Gartmore  United Kingdom 111 d 19 h 48'
Joé Seeten Chocolats du Monde  France 115 d 16 h 46'
Patrice Carpentier VM Matériaux  France 116 d 00 h 32'
Simone Bianchetti Aquarelle.com  Italy 121 d 1 h 28'
Yves Parlier Aquitaine Innovations  France 126 d 23 h 36
Didier Munduteguy DDP/60è Sud  France 135 d 15 h 17'
Pasquale de Gregorio Wind Telecommunicazioni  Italy 158 d 2 h 37'
Did not finish
Catherine Chabaud Whirlpool  France lost her mast
Thierry Dubois Solidaires  France electronic problems
Raphaël Dinelli Sogal Extenso  France damaged rudder
Fedor Konioukhov Modern Univ./Humanities  Russia retired
Javier Sanso Old Spice  Spain retired
Eric Dumont Euroka Services  France damaged rudder
Richard Tolkien ?  United Kingdom rig damage
Bernard Stamm Armor-Lux/foies Gras  Switzerland steering problem
Patrick de Radiguès Libre Belgique  Belgium beached

2004-2005

300,000 people watched the start of the 2004 race, which for once took place in mild weather. A fast start was followed by a few minor equipment problems; still, the first racers crossed the equator after just 10 days, 3 days faster than the previous race, and all of the starters were still sailing.

Attrition began on entry into the roaring forties: Alex Thomson diverted to Cape Town to make unassisted repairs and continue racing, and a number of other problems hit the fleet; then Hervé Laurent retired with serious rudder problems. Thomson retired, and Conrad Humphreys anchored to make unassisted rudder repairs. Gear problems and retirements continued; then the fleet ran into an area of ice, with Sébastien Josse hitting a berg head-on.

As the fleet re-entered the Atlantic, the lead changed several times; the race remained close right to the finish, which saw three boats finish within 29 hours.[19][20][21]

Name Yacht Nationality Time
Vincent Riou PRB  France 87 d 10 h 47'55
Jean Le Cam Bonduelle  France 87 d 17 h 20'8
Mike Golding Ecover  United Kingdom 88 d 15 h 15'13
Dominique Wavre Temenos  Switzerland 92 d 17 h 13'20
Sébastien Josse VMI  France 93 d0 h 2'10
Jean-Pierre Dick Virbac-Paprec  France 98 d3 h 49'38
Conrad Humphreys Hellomoto  United Kingdom 104 d 14 h 32'24
Joé Seeten Arcelor Dunkerque  France 104 d 23 h 2'45
Bruce Schwab Ocean Planet  United States 109 d 19 h 58'57
Benoît Parnaudeau Max Havelaar / Best Western  France/ Canada 116 d 1 h 6'54
Anne Liardet ROXY  France 119 d 5 h 28'40
Raphaël Dinelli AKENA Vérandas  France 125 d 4 h 7'14
Karen Leibovici Benefic  France 126 d 8 h 2'20
Did not finish
Marc Thiercelin Pro-Form  France retired
Roland Jourdain Sill Véolia  France retired
Alex Thomson Hugo Boss  United Kingdom retired
Patrice Carpentier VM Matériaux  France retired
Nick Moloney Skandia  Australia retired
Hervé Laurent UUDS  France retired
Norbert Sedlacek Brother  Austria retired

2008-2009

The 2008 edition of the Vendée Globe is due to start on November 9, 2008.

Name Yacht Nationality Time
Unai Basurko Pakea Bizkaia  Spain
Yannick Bestaven Energies Autour du Monde  France
Jérémie Beyou Delta Dore  France
Arnaud Boissières Akena Verandas  France
Dee Caffari Aviva  United Kingdom
Samantha Davies Roxy  United Kingdom
Kito de Pavant Groupe Bel  France
Jean-Baptiste Dejeanty Groupe Maisonneuve  France
Michel Desjoyeaux Foncia  France
Jean-Pierre Dick Paprec-Virbac 2  France
Raphaël Dinelli Fondation Ocean Vital  France
Yann Eliès Generali  France
Mike Golding Ecover 3  United Kingdom
Marc Guillemot Safran  France
Derek Hatfield Algimouss Spirit of Canada  Canada
Sébastien Josse BT  France
Roland Jourdain Veolia Environnement  France
Jean Le Cam VM Matériaux  France
Armel Le Cléac’h Brit Air  France
Jonny Malbon Artemis  United Kingdom
Loïck Peyron Gitana Eighty  France
Vincent Riou PRB  France
Norbert Sedlacek Nauticsport-Kapsch  Austria
Bernard Stamm Cheminées Poujoulat  Switzerland
Marc Thiercelin DCNS  France
Brian Thompson Pindar  United Kingdom
Alex Thomson Hugo Boss  United Kingdom
Dominique Wavre Temenos  Switzerland
Steve White Spirit of Weymouth  United Kingdom
Rich Wilson Great American III  United States

See also

External links

References

  1. ^ Vendée Globe, the official web site (English version)
  2. ^ Introduction, from the official web site
  3. ^ 1989/1990 Edition: A great race is born, from the official web site
  4. ^ Partners, from the official web site
  5. ^ Route, from the official web site
  6. ^ Positions and Theoretical Route, from the official web site
  7. ^ Main Rules for the Vendée Globe 2004, from the official web site
  8. ^ 1996/1997 Edition : The Globe spinning out of control, from the official web site
  9. ^ Main Rules for the Vendée Globe 2004, from the official web site
  10. ^ Qualifying for the Route du Rhum, Conrad Humphreys Racing
  11. ^ 1989/1990 Edition: A great race is born, from the official web site
  12. ^ 1992/1993 Edition: The edition with the first real dramas, from the official web site
  13. ^ 1996/1997 Edition : The Globe spinning out of control, from the official web site
  14. ^ Pete Goss MBE, from Now You're Talking
  15. ^ Vendée Globe — Entering a New Era, from Sailnet.com
  16. ^ Godforsaken Sea: The True Story of a Race Through the World's Most Dangerous Waters, by Derek Lundy. Anchor, 2000. ISBN 0385720009
  17. ^ Vendee Globe: The full story, from the BBC
  18. ^ 2000/2001 Edition : The Express Globe, from the official web site
  19. ^ Vendée Globe 2004: A Look Back at the Race, from the official web site
  20. ^ Rankings and Positions, from the official web site
  21. ^ Vendée Globe 2004-05 Final Results, from about.com
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