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{{Short description|Species of tree}}
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{{DISPLAYTITLE: ''Ulmus szechuanica''
{{Speciesbox
}}
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|image = SHHG Ulmus szechuanica.jpg
{{Taxobox
| name = ''Ulmus szechuanica''
|image_caption = ''Ulmus szechuanica'', [[Sir Harold Hillier Gardens]]
| image = AB Ulmus szechuanica.jpg
|genus = Ulmus
| image_caption = ''Ulmus szechuanica'', [[Sir Harold Hillier Gardens]]
|species = szechuanica
|authority = Fang
| regnum = [[Plant]]ae
| status = LC
| divisio = [[flowering plant|Magnoliophyta]]
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| classis = [[dicotyledon|Magnoliopsida]]
| status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 18 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=Lin, Q. |author2=Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI). |author3=IUCN SSC Global Tree Specialist Group |date=2019 |title=''Ulmus szechuanica'' |volume=2019 |page=e.T152844046A152844051 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T152844046A152844051.en |access-date=18 November 2021}}</ref>
| ordo = [[Rosales]]
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|synonyms = *Sichuan Elm <small>[[Morton Arboretum]]</small>
| familia = [[Ulmaceae]]
| genus = ''[[Ulmus]]''
| species = '''''U. szechuanica'''''
| binomial = ''Ulmus szechuanica''
| binomial_authority = Fang
| synonyms =
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*Sichuan Elm <small>[[Morton Arboretum]]</small>
*''Ulmus erythrocarpa'' <small>[[Wan Chun Cheng|W. C. Cheng]]</small>
*''Ulmus erythrocarpa'' <small>[[Wan Chun Cheng|W. C. Cheng]]</small>
}}
}}

'''''Ulmus szechuanica''''' <small>Fang</small>, known as the '''Szechuan (Sichuan)''', or '''Red-fruited, Elm''', is a small to medium [[deciduous]] Chinese tree found along the [[Yangtze]] river through the provinces of [[Sichuan]], [[Jiangxi]], [[Anhui]], and [[Jiangsu]].
'''''Ulmus szechuanica''''' <small>Fang</small>, known as the '''Szechuan (Sichuan)''', or '''red-fruited, elm''', is a small to medium [[deciduous]] Chinese tree found along the [[Yangtze]] river through the provinces of [[Sichuan]], [[Jiangxi]], [[Anhui]], and [[Jiangsu]].

==Description==
==Description==
[[Image: Szechuanica leaves.jpg|thumb|left|140px]]
[[Image:Szechuanica leaves.jpg|thumb|left|140px]]
The tree can reach a height of 18 m, but is usually less than 10 m, with a spreading umbrella-like crown. The leaves, distinguished by their emergent red colour, are generally [[leaf shape|obovate]] < 9 cm long by 5 cm broad, borne on branchlets with an irregular corky layer. The wind-pollinated [[apetalous]] flowers are produced on second-year shoots in February, followed by suborbicular [[Samara (fruit)|samarae]] < 16 mm by 13 mm in March <ref name=Fu,a>Fu, L. & Jin J. (eds). (1992). ''China Red Data Book. Rare and endangered plants. Vol. 1''. Science Press, Beijing.</ref> <ref name=Fu,b>Fu, L., Xin, Y. & Whittemore, A. (2002). Ulmaceae, in Wu, Z. & Raven, P. (eds) ''Flora of China'', Vol. 5 (Ulmaceae through Basellaceae). Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, USA. [http://flora.huh.harvard.edu/china/PDF/PDF05/Ulmus.pdf]</ref>.
The tree can reach a height of 18&nbsp;m, but is usually less than 10&nbsp;m, with a spreading umbrella-like crown. The leaves, dark red on emergence, are generally [[leaf shape|obovate]] < 9&nbsp;cm long by 5&nbsp;cm broad, borne on branchlets with an irregular corky layer. The wind-pollinated [[apetalous]] flowers are produced on second-year shoots in February, followed in March by suborbicular [[Samara (fruit)|samarae]] < 16&nbsp;mm long by 13&nbsp;mm wide.<ref name=Fu,a>Fu, L. & Jin J. (eds). (1992). ''China Red Data Book. Rare and endangered plants. Vol. 1''. Science Press, Beijing.</ref><ref name=Fu,b>Fu, L., Xin, Y. & Whittemore, A. (2002). Ulmaceae, in Wu, Z. & Raven, P. (eds) ''Flora of China'', Vol. 5 (Ulmaceae through Basellaceae). Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, USA. [http://flora.huh.harvard.edu/china/PDF/PDF05/Ulmus.pdf]</ref>

==Pests and diseases==
==Pests and diseases==
''U. szechuanica'' was evaluated with other Chinese elms at the [[Morton Arboretum]], [[Illinois]], where it exhibited a resistance to [[Dutch elm disease]]. The species is eschewed by the Elm Leaf Beetle ''[[Xanthogaleruca luteola]]'' <ref name=Miller>Miller, F. & Ware, G. (1884). Preference for and Suitability of Selected Elms ''Ulmus spp.'' and their Hybrids for the Elm Leaf Beetle, ''(Pyrrhalta luteola Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)''. ''Journal of Environmental Horticulture''. 12(4):231 - 235. December 1994.</ref> [http://www.sunshinenursery.com/survey.htm].
''Ulmus szechuanica'' was evaluated with other Chinese elms at the [[Morton Arboretum]], [[Illinois]], where it exhibited a resistance to [[Dutch elm disease]]. The species is eschewed by the Elm Leaf Beetle ''[[Xanthogaleruca luteola]]''.<ref name=Miller>Miller, F. & Ware, G. (1884). Preference for and Suitability of Selected Elms ''Ulmus spp.'' and their Hybrids for the Elm Leaf Beetle, ''(Pyrrhalta luteola Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)''. ''Journal of Environmental Horticulture''. 12(4):231 - 235. December 1994.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sunshinenursery.com/survey.htm|access-date=17 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719132152/http://www.sunshinenursery.com/survey.htm|title=Elm Leaf Beetle Survey|archive-date=2011-07-19}}</ref>

==Cultivation==
==Cultivation==
Growing best on well-drained soils,''U. szechuanica'' is also cold hardy; in artificial freezing tests at the Morton Arboretum <ref name=Shirazi>Shirazi, A. M. & Ware, G. H. (2004). ''Evaluation of New Elms from China for Cold Hardiness in Northern Latitudes''. International Symposium on Asian Plant Diversity & Systematics 2004, [[Sakura]], [[Japan]].</ref> the [[LT50]] (temp. at which 50% of tissues die) was found to be - 30 °[[Celsius|C]]. However, it was also found to be comparatively weak-wooded, making it susceptible to storm damage in winter <ref name=Ware>Ware, G. (1995). Little-known elms from China: landscape tree possibilities. ''Journal of Arboriculture'', (Nov. 1995). International Society of Arboriculture, Champaign, Illinois, USA. [http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/fletcher/programs/nursery/metria/metria8/m87.pdf]</ref>. There are no known [[cultivar]]s of this taxon, nor is it known to be in commerce beyond the [[USA]].
Growing best on well-drained soils, ''U. szechuanica'' is cold hardy; in artificial freezing tests at the Morton Arboretum <ref name=Shirazi>Shirazi, A. M. & Ware, G. H. (2004). ''Evaluation of New Elms from China for Cold Hardiness in Northern Latitudes''. International Symposium on Asian Plant Diversity & Systematics 2004, [[Sakura]], Japan.</ref> the [[LT50]] (temp. at which 50% of tissues die) was found to be −30&thinsp;°[[Celsius|C]]. However, it was also found to be comparatively weak-wooded, making it susceptible to storm damage in winter.<ref name=Ware>Ware, G. (1995). Little-known elms from China: landscape tree possibilities. ''Journal of Arboriculture'', (Nov. 1995). International Society of Arboriculture, Champaign, Illinois, US. [http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/fletcher/programs/nursery/metria/metria8/m87.pdf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071130221822/http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/fletcher/programs/nursery/metria/metria8/m87.pdf |date=2007-11-30 }}</ref> There are no known [[cultivar]]s of this taxon, nor is it known to be in commerce beyond the United States.

==Hybrid cultivars==
==Hybrid cultivars==
''U. szechuanica'' is believed to have been used in recent (post 2000) hybridization experiments at the Morton Arboretum <ref name=Mittempergher>Mittempergher, L. & Santini, A. (2004). Elm breeding history. ''Invest Agrar: Sist Recur For, (2004), 13 (1), 161-177. </ref> but results have yet (2008) to be published.
''U. szechuanica'' is believed to have been used in post-2000 hybridization experiments at the Morton Arboretum.<ref name=Mittempergher>Mittempergher, L. & Santini, A. (2004). Elm breeding history. ''Invest Agrar: Sist Recur For'', (2004), 13 (1), 161-177.</ref>

==Accessions==
==Accessions==
;North America
;North America
*[[Brenton Arboretum]], [[Dallas Center]], [[Iowa]]. No accession details available.
*[[Brenton Arboretum]], [[Iowa]], US. No accession details available.
*[[Chicago Botanic Garden]], [[Glencoe, Illinois|Glencoe]], [[Illinois]]. 2 trees, no other details available.
*[[Chicago Botanic Garden]], [[Illinois]], US. 2 trees, no other details available.
*[[Denver Botanic Gardens]]. No details available
*[[Denver Botanic Gardens]], US. No details available
*[[Holden Arboretum]]. Acc. nos. 96-179 (unknown provenance), 97-30 wild collected in China.
*[[Holden Arboretum]], US. Acc. nos. 96-179 (unknown provenance), 97-30 wild collected in China.
*Morton Arboretum, US. Acc. nos. 429–84, 53–95.
*[[United States National Arboretum|U S National Arboretum]] [http://www.usna.usda.gov/index.htm], [[Washington, D.C.]], [[USA]]. Acc. nos. 68987, 68991, 76235, 76236, 76250, 68992.
*[[United States National Arboretum]] [[Washington, D.C.]], US. Acc. nos. 68987, 68991, 76235, 76236, 76250, 68992.
;Europe
;Europe
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*[[Grange Farm Arboretum]], [[Lincolnshire]], UK. Acc. no. 523
*[[Brighton & Hove]] City Council, [[UK]]. [[NCCPG]] elm collection [http://www.brighton-hove.gov.uk/index.cfm?request=c1108042],
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*[[Sir Harold Hillier Gardens]], [[Hampshire]], UK. Acc. no. 1994.0329, one tree, 4.4 m tall in 2008, from seed from the [[Shanghai Botanical Garden]]
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*[[Grange Farm Arboretum]], [[Sutton St. James]], [[Spalding, Lincolnshire|Spalding]], [[Lincolnshire]], [[UK]]. Acc. no. 523

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*[[Sir Harold Hillier Gardens]], [[UK]]. Acc. no. 1994.0329, one tree, 4.4 m tall in [[2008]], from seed from the [[Shanghai Botanic Garden]] [http://www.asiarooms.com/travel-guide/china/shanghai/shanghai--parks-&-gardens/shanghai-botanical-gardens.html].
==Nurseries==
==Nurseries==
;North America
;North America
*Sun Valley Garden Centre [http://www.qscaping.com/NetPS-Engine.asp?CCID=20000011&page=results&Keyword=ulmus&Category=&Type=&Spread=Any&SpreadDim=feet&Growth=&Hardiness=7&Height=Any&HeightDim=feet&Canopy=&Application=&Texture=&Wildlife=&Form=&Density=&FlowerColor=&FlowerColorJS=&FoliageColor=&FoliageColorJS=&FallColor=&FallColorJS=&FruitPeriod=&BarkColor=&BarkColorJS=&FlowerPeriod=&Variegation=&VariegationJS=&FruitColor=&FruitColorJS=&Edible=&BarkTexture=&SunShade=&Moisture=&Pollution=&SoilType=&pH=&Submit=Search], [[Eden Prairie]], [[Minnesota]]
*Sun Valley Garden Centre [http://www.qscaping.com/NetPS-Engine.asp?CCID=20000011&page=results&Keyword=ulmus&Category=&Type=&Spread=Any&SpreadDim=feet&Growth=&Hardiness=7&Height=Any&HeightDim=feet&Canopy=&Application=&Texture=&Wildlife=&Form=&Density=&FlowerColor=&FlowerColorJS=&FoliageColor=&FoliageColorJS=&FallColor=&FallColorJS=&FruitPeriod=&BarkColor=&BarkColorJS=&FlowerPeriod=&Variegation=&VariegationJS=&FruitColor=&FruitColorJS=&Edible=&BarkTexture=&SunShade=&Moisture=&Pollution=&SoilType=&pH=&Submit=Search], [[Eden Prairie]], [[Minnesota]], US.
;Europe
*Sunshine Nursery [http://www.sunshinenursery.com/survey.htm], [[Clinton, Oklahoma|Clinton]], [[Oklahoma]].
*Pan-Global Plants [http://www.panglobalplants.com/], [[Frampton-on-Severn]], [[Gloucestershire]], UK.
*Pépinière AOBA [https://www.pepiniere-aoba.com/gb/], [[Saint Ouen la Rouerie]], France.

==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist}}

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[[Category:Ulmaceae]]
==External links==
*[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=242353393 efloras.org ''U. szechuanica'' description]
*[http://www.efloras.org/object_page.aspx?object_id=50125&flora_id=2 efloras.org ''U. szechuanica'' leaves and fruit illustration (figures 7 to 11)]
*[http://ppbc.iplant.cn/sp/11546 Photographs labelled ''U. szechuanica'' on Plant Photo Bank of China, ppbc.iplant]

{{Elm species, varieties, hybrids, hybrid cultivars and species cultivars |state=collapsed}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q14478222}}


[[Category:Ulmus|szechuanica]]
[[zh:红果榆]]
[[Category:Flora of China]]
[[Category:Trees of China]]
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[[Category:Trees of Asia]]
[[Category:Ulmus articles with images]]
[[Category:Elm species and varieties]]

Latest revision as of 22:47, 4 March 2024

Ulmus szechuanica
Ulmus szechuanica, Sir Harold Hillier Gardens
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Rosales
Family: Ulmaceae
Genus: Ulmus
Species:
U. szechuanica
Binomial name
Ulmus szechuanica
Fang
Synonyms

Ulmus szechuanica Fang, known as the Szechuan (Sichuan), or red-fruited, elm, is a small to medium deciduous Chinese tree found along the Yangtze river through the provinces of Sichuan, Jiangxi, Anhui, and Jiangsu.

Description[edit]

The tree can reach a height of 18 m, but is usually less than 10 m, with a spreading umbrella-like crown. The leaves, dark red on emergence, are generally obovate < 9 cm long by 5 cm broad, borne on branchlets with an irregular corky layer. The wind-pollinated apetalous flowers are produced on second-year shoots in February, followed in March by suborbicular samarae < 16 mm long by 13 mm wide.[2][3]

Pests and diseases[edit]

Ulmus szechuanica was evaluated with other Chinese elms at the Morton Arboretum, Illinois, where it exhibited a resistance to Dutch elm disease. The species is eschewed by the Elm Leaf Beetle Xanthogaleruca luteola.[4][5]

Cultivation[edit]

Growing best on well-drained soils, U. szechuanica is cold hardy; in artificial freezing tests at the Morton Arboretum [6] the LT50 (temp. at which 50% of tissues die) was found to be −30 °C. However, it was also found to be comparatively weak-wooded, making it susceptible to storm damage in winter.[7] There are no known cultivars of this taxon, nor is it known to be in commerce beyond the United States.

Hybrid cultivars[edit]

U. szechuanica is believed to have been used in post-2000 hybridization experiments at the Morton Arboretum.[8]

Accessions[edit]

North America
Europe

Nurseries[edit]

North America
Europe

References[edit]

  1. ^ Lin, Q.; Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI).; IUCN SSC Global Tree Specialist Group (2019). "Ulmus szechuanica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T152844046A152844051. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T152844046A152844051.en. Retrieved 18 November 2021.
  2. ^ Fu, L. & Jin J. (eds). (1992). China Red Data Book. Rare and endangered plants. Vol. 1. Science Press, Beijing.
  3. ^ Fu, L., Xin, Y. & Whittemore, A. (2002). Ulmaceae, in Wu, Z. & Raven, P. (eds) Flora of China, Vol. 5 (Ulmaceae through Basellaceae). Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, USA. [1]
  4. ^ Miller, F. & Ware, G. (1884). Preference for and Suitability of Selected Elms Ulmus spp. and their Hybrids for the Elm Leaf Beetle, (Pyrrhalta luteola Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Journal of Environmental Horticulture. 12(4):231 - 235. December 1994.
  5. ^ "Elm Leaf Beetle Survey". Archived from the original on 2011-07-19. Retrieved 17 July 2017.
  6. ^ Shirazi, A. M. & Ware, G. H. (2004). Evaluation of New Elms from China for Cold Hardiness in Northern Latitudes. International Symposium on Asian Plant Diversity & Systematics 2004, Sakura, Japan.
  7. ^ Ware, G. (1995). Little-known elms from China: landscape tree possibilities. Journal of Arboriculture, (Nov. 1995). International Society of Arboriculture, Champaign, Illinois, US. [2] Archived 2007-11-30 at the Wayback Machine
  8. ^ Mittempergher, L. & Santini, A. (2004). Elm breeding history. Invest Agrar: Sist Recur For, (2004), 13 (1), 161-177.

External links[edit]

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ulmus_szechuanica&oldid=1211869790"