Ulmus szechuanica: Difference between revisions
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{{Short description|Species of tree}} |
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{{speciesbox |
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{{Speciesbox |
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|image = SHHG Ulmus szechuanica.jpg |
|image = SHHG Ulmus szechuanica.jpg |
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|image_caption = ''Ulmus szechuanica'', [[Sir Harold Hillier Gardens]] |
|image_caption = ''Ulmus szechuanica'', [[Sir Harold Hillier Gardens]] |
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|species = szechuanica |
|species = szechuanica |
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|authority = Fang |
|authority = Fang |
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| status = LC |
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| status_system = IUCN3.1 |
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| status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 18 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=Lin, Q. |author2=Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI). |author3=IUCN SSC Global Tree Specialist Group |date=2019 |title=''Ulmus szechuanica'' |volume=2019 |page=e.T152844046A152844051 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T152844046A152844051.en |access-date=18 November 2021}}</ref> |
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|synonyms = *Sichuan Elm <small>[[Morton Arboretum]]</small> |
|synonyms = *Sichuan Elm <small>[[Morton Arboretum]]</small> |
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*''Ulmus erythrocarpa'' <small>[[Wan Chun Cheng|W. C. Cheng]]</small> |
*''Ulmus erythrocarpa'' <small>[[Wan Chun Cheng|W. C. Cheng]]</small> |
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==Pests and diseases== |
==Pests and diseases== |
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''Ulmus szechuanica'' was evaluated with other Chinese elms at the [[Morton Arboretum]], [[Illinois]], where it exhibited a resistance to [[Dutch elm disease]]. The species is eschewed by the Elm Leaf Beetle ''[[Xanthogaleruca luteola]]''.<ref name=Miller>Miller, F. & Ware, G. (1884). Preference for and Suitability of Selected Elms ''Ulmus spp.'' and their Hybrids for the Elm Leaf Beetle, ''(Pyrrhalta luteola Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)''. ''Journal of Environmental Horticulture''. 12(4):231 - 235. December 1994.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sunshinenursery.com/survey.htm|access-date=17 July 2017| |
''Ulmus szechuanica'' was evaluated with other Chinese elms at the [[Morton Arboretum]], [[Illinois]], where it exhibited a resistance to [[Dutch elm disease]]. The species is eschewed by the Elm Leaf Beetle ''[[Xanthogaleruca luteola]]''.<ref name=Miller>Miller, F. & Ware, G. (1884). Preference for and Suitability of Selected Elms ''Ulmus spp.'' and their Hybrids for the Elm Leaf Beetle, ''(Pyrrhalta luteola Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)''. ''Journal of Environmental Horticulture''. 12(4):231 - 235. December 1994.</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sunshinenursery.com/survey.htm|access-date=17 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719132152/http://www.sunshinenursery.com/survey.htm|title=Elm Leaf Beetle Survey|archive-date=2011-07-19}}</ref> |
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==Cultivation== |
==Cultivation== |
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Growing best on well-drained soils, ''U. szechuanica'' is cold hardy; in artificial freezing tests at the Morton Arboretum <ref name=Shirazi>Shirazi, A. M. & Ware, G. H. (2004). ''Evaluation of New Elms from China for Cold Hardiness in Northern Latitudes''. International Symposium on Asian Plant Diversity & Systematics 2004, [[Sakura]], Japan.</ref> the [[LT50]] (temp. at which 50% of tissues die) was found to be −30 °[[Celsius|C]]. However, it was also found to be comparatively weak-wooded, making it susceptible to storm damage in winter.<ref name=Ware>Ware, G. (1995). Little-known elms from China: landscape tree possibilities. ''Journal of Arboriculture'', (Nov. 1995). International Society of Arboriculture, Champaign, Illinois, |
Growing best on well-drained soils, ''U. szechuanica'' is cold hardy; in artificial freezing tests at the Morton Arboretum <ref name=Shirazi>Shirazi, A. M. & Ware, G. H. (2004). ''Evaluation of New Elms from China for Cold Hardiness in Northern Latitudes''. International Symposium on Asian Plant Diversity & Systematics 2004, [[Sakura]], Japan.</ref> the [[LT50]] (temp. at which 50% of tissues die) was found to be −30 °[[Celsius|C]]. However, it was also found to be comparatively weak-wooded, making it susceptible to storm damage in winter.<ref name=Ware>Ware, G. (1995). Little-known elms from China: landscape tree possibilities. ''Journal of Arboriculture'', (Nov. 1995). International Society of Arboriculture, Champaign, Illinois, US. [http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/fletcher/programs/nursery/metria/metria8/m87.pdf] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071130221822/http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/fletcher/programs/nursery/metria/metria8/m87.pdf |date=2007-11-30 }}</ref> There are no known [[cultivar]]s of this taxon, nor is it known to be in commerce beyond the United States. |
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==Hybrid cultivars== |
==Hybrid cultivars== |
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''U. szechuanica'' is believed to have been used in post-2000 hybridization experiments at the Morton Arboretum.<ref name=Mittempergher>Mittempergher, L. & Santini, A. (2004). Elm breeding history. ''Invest Agrar: Sist Recur For, (2004), 13 (1), 161-177.</ref> |
''U. szechuanica'' is believed to have been used in post-2000 hybridization experiments at the Morton Arboretum.<ref name=Mittempergher>Mittempergher, L. & Santini, A. (2004). Elm breeding history. ''Invest Agrar: Sist Recur For'', (2004), 13 (1), 161-177.</ref> |
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==Accessions== |
==Accessions== |
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;North America |
;North America |
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*[[Brenton Arboretum]], [[ |
*[[Brenton Arboretum]], [[Iowa]], US. No accession details available. |
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*[[Chicago Botanic Garden]], [[ |
*[[Chicago Botanic Garden]], [[Illinois]], US. 2 trees, no other details available. |
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*[[Denver Botanic Gardens]]. No details available |
*[[Denver Botanic Gardens]], US. No details available |
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*[[Holden Arboretum]]. Acc. nos. 96-179 (unknown provenance), 97-30 wild collected in China. |
*[[Holden Arboretum]], US. Acc. nos. 96-179 (unknown provenance), 97-30 wild collected in China. |
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*Morton Arboretum, US. Acc. nos. 429–84, 53–95. |
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*[[United States |
*[[United States National Arboretum]] [[Washington, D.C.]], US. Acc. nos. 68987, 68991, 76235, 76236, 76250, 68992. |
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;Europe |
;Europe |
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⚫ | |||
*[[Brighton & Hove]] City Council, UK. [[NCCPG]] Elm Collection.<ref name=Brighton>{{cite web|title=List of plants in the {elm} collection|publisher=Brighton & Hove City Council|access-date=23 September 2016|url=http://www.brighton-hove.gov.uk/content/leisure-and-libraries/parks-and-green-spaces/list-plants-collection}}</ref> |
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⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
⚫ | |||
==Nurseries== |
==Nurseries== |
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;North America |
;North America |
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*Sun Valley Garden Centre [http://www.qscaping.com/NetPS-Engine.asp?CCID=20000011&page=results&Keyword=ulmus&Category=&Type=&Spread=Any&SpreadDim=feet&Growth=&Hardiness=7&Height=Any&HeightDim=feet&Canopy=&Application=&Texture=&Wildlife=&Form=&Density=&FlowerColor=&FlowerColorJS=&FoliageColor=&FoliageColorJS=&FallColor=&FallColorJS=&FruitPeriod=&BarkColor=&BarkColorJS=&FlowerPeriod=&Variegation=&VariegationJS=&FruitColor=&FruitColorJS=&Edible=&BarkTexture=&SunShade=&Moisture=&Pollution=&SoilType=&pH=&Submit=Search], [[Eden Prairie]], [[Minnesota]] |
*Sun Valley Garden Centre [http://www.qscaping.com/NetPS-Engine.asp?CCID=20000011&page=results&Keyword=ulmus&Category=&Type=&Spread=Any&SpreadDim=feet&Growth=&Hardiness=7&Height=Any&HeightDim=feet&Canopy=&Application=&Texture=&Wildlife=&Form=&Density=&FlowerColor=&FlowerColorJS=&FoliageColor=&FoliageColorJS=&FallColor=&FallColorJS=&FruitPeriod=&BarkColor=&BarkColorJS=&FlowerPeriod=&Variegation=&VariegationJS=&FruitColor=&FruitColorJS=&Edible=&BarkTexture=&SunShade=&Moisture=&Pollution=&SoilType=&pH=&Submit=Search], [[Eden Prairie]], [[Minnesota]], US. |
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*Sunshine Nursery,<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.sunshinenursery.com/survey.htm|access-date=17 July 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719132152/http://www.sunshinenursery.com/survey.htm|title=Elm Leaf Beetle Survey|archive-date=2011-07-19}}</ref> [[Clinton, Oklahoma|Clinton]], [[Oklahoma]]. |
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;Europe |
;Europe |
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*Pan-Global Plants [http://www.panglobalplants.com/], [[Frampton-on-Severn]], [[Gloucestershire]], UK. |
*Pan-Global Plants [http://www.panglobalplants.com/], [[Frampton-on-Severn]], [[Gloucestershire]], UK. |
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*Pépinière AOBA [https://www.pepiniere-aoba.com/gb/], [[Saint Ouen la Rouerie]], France. |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
{{Reflist}} |
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==External links== |
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*[http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=242353393 efloras.org ''U. szechuanica'' description] |
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*[http://www.efloras.org/object_page.aspx?object_id=50125&flora_id=2 efloras.org ''U. szechuanica'' leaves and fruit illustration (figures 7 to 11)] |
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*[http://ppbc.iplant.cn/sp/11546 Photographs labelled ''U. szechuanica'' on Plant Photo Bank of China, ppbc.iplant] |
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{{Elm species, varieties, hybrids, hybrid cultivars and species cultivars |state=collapsed}} |
{{Elm species, varieties, hybrids, hybrid cultivars and species cultivars |state=collapsed}} |
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{{Taxonbar|from=Q14478222}} |
{{Taxonbar|from=Q14478222}} |
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[[Category:Ulmus]] |
[[Category:Ulmus|szechuanica]] |
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[[Category:Flora of China]] |
[[Category:Flora of China]] |
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[[Category:Trees of China]] |
[[Category:Trees of China]] |
Latest revision as of 22:47, 4 March 2024
Ulmus szechuanica | |
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Ulmus szechuanica, Sir Harold Hillier Gardens | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Clade: | Rosids |
Order: | Rosales |
Family: | Ulmaceae |
Genus: | Ulmus |
Species: | U. szechuanica
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Binomial name | |
Ulmus szechuanica Fang
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Synonyms | |
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Ulmus szechuanica Fang, known as the Szechuan (Sichuan), or red-fruited, elm, is a small to medium deciduous Chinese tree found along the Yangtze river through the provinces of Sichuan, Jiangxi, Anhui, and Jiangsu.
Description[edit]
The tree can reach a height of 18 m, but is usually less than 10 m, with a spreading umbrella-like crown. The leaves, dark red on emergence, are generally obovate < 9 cm long by 5 cm broad, borne on branchlets with an irregular corky layer. The wind-pollinated apetalous flowers are produced on second-year shoots in February, followed in March by suborbicular samarae < 16 mm long by 13 mm wide.[2][3]
Pests and diseases[edit]
Ulmus szechuanica was evaluated with other Chinese elms at the Morton Arboretum, Illinois, where it exhibited a resistance to Dutch elm disease. The species is eschewed by the Elm Leaf Beetle Xanthogaleruca luteola.[4][5]
Cultivation[edit]
Growing best on well-drained soils, U. szechuanica is cold hardy; in artificial freezing tests at the Morton Arboretum [6] the LT50 (temp. at which 50% of tissues die) was found to be −30 °C. However, it was also found to be comparatively weak-wooded, making it susceptible to storm damage in winter.[7] There are no known cultivars of this taxon, nor is it known to be in commerce beyond the United States.
Hybrid cultivars[edit]
U. szechuanica is believed to have been used in post-2000 hybridization experiments at the Morton Arboretum.[8]
Accessions[edit]
- North America
- Brenton Arboretum, Iowa, US. No accession details available.
- Chicago Botanic Garden, Illinois, US. 2 trees, no other details available.
- Denver Botanic Gardens, US. No details available
- Holden Arboretum, US. Acc. nos. 96-179 (unknown provenance), 97-30 wild collected in China.
- Morton Arboretum, US. Acc. nos. 429–84, 53–95.
- United States National Arboretum Washington, D.C., US. Acc. nos. 68987, 68991, 76235, 76236, 76250, 68992.
- Europe
- Grange Farm Arboretum, Lincolnshire, UK. Acc. no. 523
- Sir Harold Hillier Gardens, Hampshire, UK. Acc. no. 1994.0329, one tree, 4.4 m tall in 2008, from seed from the Shanghai Botanical Garden
Nurseries[edit]
- North America
- Sun Valley Garden Centre [3], Eden Prairie, Minnesota, US.
- Europe
- Pan-Global Plants [4], Frampton-on-Severn, Gloucestershire, UK.
- Pépinière AOBA [5], Saint Ouen la Rouerie, France.
References[edit]
- ^ Lin, Q.; Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI).; IUCN SSC Global Tree Specialist Group (2019). "Ulmus szechuanica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T152844046A152844051. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T152844046A152844051.en. Retrieved 18 November 2021.
- ^ Fu, L. & Jin J. (eds). (1992). China Red Data Book. Rare and endangered plants. Vol. 1. Science Press, Beijing.
- ^ Fu, L., Xin, Y. & Whittemore, A. (2002). Ulmaceae, in Wu, Z. & Raven, P. (eds) Flora of China, Vol. 5 (Ulmaceae through Basellaceae). Science Press, Beijing, and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, USA. [1]
- ^ Miller, F. & Ware, G. (1884). Preference for and Suitability of Selected Elms Ulmus spp. and their Hybrids for the Elm Leaf Beetle, (Pyrrhalta luteola Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Journal of Environmental Horticulture. 12(4):231 - 235. December 1994.
- ^ "Elm Leaf Beetle Survey". Archived from the original on 2011-07-19. Retrieved 17 July 2017.
- ^ Shirazi, A. M. & Ware, G. H. (2004). Evaluation of New Elms from China for Cold Hardiness in Northern Latitudes. International Symposium on Asian Plant Diversity & Systematics 2004, Sakura, Japan.
- ^ Ware, G. (1995). Little-known elms from China: landscape tree possibilities. Journal of Arboriculture, (Nov. 1995). International Society of Arboriculture, Champaign, Illinois, US. [2] Archived 2007-11-30 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Mittempergher, L. & Santini, A. (2004). Elm breeding history. Invest Agrar: Sist Recur For, (2004), 13 (1), 161-177.