Spiked currant

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Spiked currant
Branches with fruits

Branches with fruits

Systematics
Eudicotyledons
Nuclear eudicotyledons
Order : Saxifragales (Saxifragales)
Family : Gooseberry Family (Grossulariaceae)
Genre : Currants ( ribes )
Type : Spiked currant
Scientific name
Ribes spicatum
E. Robson
Flowers and leaves
fruit

The spiked currant , in Austria spiked currant ( Ribes spicatum ) is a shrub up to 2 meters high with greenish flowers and red, translucent fruits from the gooseberry family (Grossulariaceae). The natural range of the species is in Europe and Asia. The species is very rarely cultivated .

description

The spiked currant is an unreinforced shrub up to 2 meters high with mostly bare branches . The leaves have a simple, rounded and three to five-lobed leaf blade. It becomes about 10 centimeters wide and has a flat heart-shaped base. The lobes are triangular and more or less pointed. The upper side of the leaf is bare, the underside is usually hairy, rarely bare.

The inflorescences are initially upright and later protruding or bent grapes . The inflorescence axis is more or less hairy and finely glandular. The flowers are greenish and mostly brownish and about 7 millimeters wide. The flower stalk is also more or less hairy and finely glandular. The flower cup is bowl-shaped and has no annular bulge. The counters of the dust bags collide. The fruits are red and translucent. The species blooms from April to May.

The species has chromosome number 2n = 16.

Occurrence and location requirements

The natural distribution area is in Europe in Scandinavia , Great Britain , Austria , Germany and Poland , in Croatia , the Baltic States , Belarus , Ukraine and Russia . In Asia the distribution area extends as far as Eastern Siberia , Kazakhstan and Mongolia . The spiked currant grows in cool, moist forests on slightly acidic to alkaline, humus-rich, sandy-loamy, nutrient-rich soils in light-shaded, cool to cold locations. The species is frost hardy . It is a character species of the boreal Alnetum incanae from the Alno-Ulmion association.

Systematics

The spiked currant ( Ribes spicatum ) is a species from the genus of currants ( Ribes ) in the gooseberry family (Grossulariaceae). It is in the subgenus Ribes of section Ribes assigned. The species was first scientifically described by Edward Robson in 1796 . The generic name Ribes is derived from the Arabic name of a type of rhubarb . The name was adopted for currants in the Middle Ages because of the sour taste of the berries of some species, which is reminiscent of the taste of rhubarb. The specific epithet spicatum comes from Latin and means "eared".

Subspecies

There are three subspecies in Europe:

  • Ribes spicatum subsp. hispidulum (Jancz.) Hämet-Ahti ; it occurs in Europe in Finland and northern Russia
  • Ribes spicatum subsp. lapponicum Hylander ; it occurs in Europe in Scandinavia and northern Russia
  • Ribes spicatum subsp. spicatum

use

The spiked currant is very rarely used as an ornamental shrub because of its fruit decoration . The red currant varieties cultivated as fruit bushes are mostly hybrids between the red currant ( Ribes rubrum ) and the spiked currant.

proof

literature

  • Andreas Roloff , Andreas Bärtels: Flora of the woods. Purpose, properties and use. With a winter key from Bernd Schulz. 3rd, corrected edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2008, ISBN 978-3-8001-5614-6 , pp. 542-543.
  • Jost Fitschen : Woody flora . 12th, revised and expanded edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2007, ISBN 3-494-01422-1 , p. 728 .
  • Manfred A. Fischer , Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol. 3rd, improved edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 , p. 390.
  • Helmut Genaust: Etymological dictionary of botanical plant names. 3rd, completely revised and expanded edition. Nikol, Hamburg 2005, ISBN 3-937872-16-7 (reprint from 1996).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ German name after Roloff et al .: Flora der Gehölze , p. 542
  2. ↑ German name after Fischer, Oswald, Adler: excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol , p. 390
  3. ↑ a b c d Roloff et al .: Flora der Gehölze , p. 540
  4. ↑ a b Fitschen: Gehölzflora , p. 728
  5. ↑ Jaakko Jalas, Juha Suominen, Raino Lampinen, Arto Kurtto: Atlas florae europaeae . Volume 12 (Resedaceae to Platanaceae). Pages 229-231, Helsinki 1999. ISBN 951-9108-12-2
  6. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . 8th edition. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 . Page 495.
  7. ↑ a b c Ribes spicatum. In: Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). United States Department of Agriculture, accessed May 6, 2012 .
  8. ↑ Exactly: Etymological Dictionary of Botanical Plant Names, pp. 538–539
  9. ↑ Exactly: Etymological Dictionary of Botanical Plant Names , p. 603
  10. ↑ Jaakko Jalas, Juha Suominen, Raino Lampinen, Arto Kurtto: Atlas florae europaeae . Volume 12 (Resedaceae to Platanaceae). Pages 229-231, Helsinki 1999. ISBN 951-9108-12-2
  11. ^ Fischer, Oswald, Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol , p. 390

Web links

Commons : Spiked currant ( Ribes spicatum )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files