Ælfwald I.

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Ælfwald's coin

Ælfwald I. (also Aelfwald, Aelfuualdus, Alfwald, Alfwold, Alwold, Ælfwold etc .; † September 23, 788 ) was king of the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Northumbria from 778/779 to 788 .

Life

family

Ælfwald was probably a son of Oswulf (758-759) and therefore a grandson of Eadberht Eating (737-758). His sons were Ælf († 791) and Ælfwine († 791). His sister (or aunt) Osgifu was married to the former king Ealchred , whose son Osred II (788-790) should be his successor.

Domination

King Æthelred I was deposed in 778/779 and the throne was returned to the Eatingas in the person of Ælfwald. Æthelred had to go into exile during the reign of his successors Ælfwald I and Osred II (788-790). Ælfwald had high-quality coins minted with numerous variants. His rule, however, was not unchallenged. The Ealdormen Osbald and Æthelheard killed patricius Bearn on December 24, 780 by burning him in Seletune (probably Salton, in North Yorkshire ).

When Æthelberht (767–780), the archbishop of York, died in 780, Ælfwald sent an embassy to Rome to receive the pallium from the Pope for his successor Eanbald I (780–796) . Bishop Ealhmund (767–780 / 781) of Hexham also died and was replaced by Tilberht. Ælfwald was considered a pious and just king. The contemporary Alcuin , however, also reports an increasing decline in morals. In 786 the Synod of Fingall was supposed to remedy the situation, in which the papal nuncio George of Ostia also took part in addition to Alcuin . The resolutions of the synod were accepted shortly afterwards by King Offa for Mercia as well.

Ælfwald was murdered on September 23, 788 by the Ealdorman Sicga near Scythlecester (probably today's Chesters). He was buried in the Church of Saint Andrew at Hexham Abbey . A church was built at the site of his death. He was venerated as a saint . Starting from Hexham Abbey there was a cult around Ælfwald. His sons Ælf and Ælfwine were probably still too young as heirs to the throne, so that his nepos (“nephew”, also generally for “relative”) Osred II , the son of Ealchred and Osgifu, succeeded him on the throne. Æthelred came back to the throne in 790. In 791 he had Ælf and Ælfwine, the sons of Ælfwald, kidnapped as rivals to the throne from York and murdered at Wonwaldremere ( Windermere ).

swell

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Simon Keynes: Kings of the Northumbrians . In: Lapidge et al. (Ed.): The Blackwell Encyclopaedia of Anglo-Saxon England . Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford et al. a. 2001, ISBN 978-0-631-22492-1 , pp. 502-505.
  2. ^ Barbara Yorke: Kings and Kingdoms of early Anglo-Saxon England . Routledge, London-New York 2002, ISBN 978-0-415-16639-3 , p. 172.
  3. ^ Barbara Yorke: Kings and Kingdoms of Early Anglo-Saxon England . Routledge, London-New York 2002, ISBN 978-0-415-16639-3 , p. 89.
  4. ↑ see: Alex Woolf : From Pictland to Alba: 789-1070 Volume 2. Edinburgh University Press, 2007, ISBN 978-0-7486-1234-5 , p. 42; DP Kirby: The Earliest English Kings , Routledge, London-New York 2000, ISBN 978-0-415-24211-0 , p. 125
  5. ↑ David W. Rollason: Osred II ( Memento from February 1, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) (paid registration required). In: Oxford Dictionary of National Biography , Oxford University Press, 2004. Retrieved November 13, 2011
  6. ^ Barbara Yorke: Kings and Kingdoms of Early Anglo-Saxon England . Routledge, London-New York 2002, ISBN 978-0-415-16639-3 , p. 88. see: Symeon von Durham: De Gestis Regum Anglorum for the year 779
  7. ^ Philip Grierson , Mark Blackburn : Medieval European Coinage 1. The Early Middle Ages (5th-10th centuries) . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2007 (paperback), ISBN 978-0-521-03177-6 , p. 297.
  8. ^ Barbara Yorke: Kings and Kingdoms of Early Anglo-Saxon England . Routledge, London-New York 2002, ISBN 978-0-415-16639-3 , p. 93. see: Symeon von Durham: De Gestis Regum Anglorum for the year 780 and Anglo-Saxon Chronicle for the year 780.
  9. ^ Anglo-Saxon Chronicle for the year 780.
  10. ↑ Symeon of Durham: De Gestis Regum Anglorum for the year 779
  11. ^ David W. Rollason: Northumbria, 500-1100: Creation and Destruction of a Kingdom . Cambridge University Press, 2003, ISBN 978-0-521-81335-8 , p. 194.
  12. ^ Anglo-Saxon Chronicle for the year 788.
  13. ^ Joseph H. Lynch: Christianizing kinship: ritual sponsorship in Anglo-Saxon England, Cornell University Press, 1998, ISBN 978-0-8014-3527-0 , p. 178.
  14. ↑ a b Anglo-Saxon Chronicle for the year 789.
  15. ^ Symeon of Durham: De Gestis Regum Anglorum for the year 788
  16. ^ A b D. P. Kirby, Alfred Smyth, Ann Williams (Eds.): A Biographical Dictionary of Dark Age Britain, Routledge, London-New York 1991, ISBN 978-1-85264-047-7 , p. 14.
  17. ^ Barbara Yorke: Kings and Kingdoms of Early Anglo-Saxon England . Routledge, London-New York 2002, ISBN 978-0-415-16639-3 , p. 93.
  18. ^ Barbara Yorke: Kings and Kingdoms of Early Anglo-Saxon England . Routledge, London-New York 2002, ISBN 978-0-415-16639-3 , p. 89. see: Symeon von Durham: De Gestis Regum Anglorum for the year 791
predecessor Office successor
Æthelred I. King of Northumbria
778 / 779–788 		Osred II.
personal data
SURNAME Ælfwald I.
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Aelfwald; Aelfuualdus; Alfwald; Alfwold; Alwold; Ælfwold
BRIEF DESCRIPTION King of Northumbria
DATE OF BIRTH 8th century
DATE OF DEATH September 23, 788