List of the kings of Northumbria
The Anglo-Saxon Kingdom of Northumbria emerged in the 7th century from the union of the kingdoms of Bernicia and Deira ; for the predecessors of the kings listed here, see: List of the Kings of Bernicia and List of the Kings of Deira . The first ruler to rule both kingdoms was Æthelfrith , but under his successors the two kingdoms were separated again or a sub-kingdom was established in Deira under Northumbrian sovereignty.
The year figures are approximate and may vary slightly from the correct information.
- 592–616 Æthelfrith , originally king of Bernicia, conquered Deira
- 616-633 Edwin
- 633–634 Division of Northumbria: Eanfrith in Bernicia, Osric in Deira
- 634-642 Oswald
- 642–670 Division of Northumbria: Oswiu (up to 651 only in Bernicia), Oswine in Deira (642 / 643–651), until 679 dependent sub-kings ruled in Deira
- 670–685 Ecgfrith (since 664 sub-king in Deira)
- around 672 Beornhæth , Lower King
- 686-705 Aldfrith
- 705-706 Eadwulf
- 706-716 Osred I.
- 716-718 Cenred
- 718-729 Osric
- 729-737 Ceolwulf
- 737-758 Eadberht
- 758-759 Oswulf
- 759–765 Æthelwald minor
- 765-774 Ealchred
- 774–778 / 779 Æthelred I.
- 778 / 779–788 Ælfwald
- 788-790 Osred II.
- 790–796 Æthelred I. for the second time
- 796 Osbald
- 796-806? Eardwulf
- 806? -808? Ælfwald II.
- 808? –810? Eardwulf for the second time
- 810? –840/841 Eanred
- 840 / 841–844 Æthelred II.
- 844 Rædwulf
- 844-848? Æthelred II for the second time
- 848 / 849-862 / 863 Osberht
- 862 / 863–867 Æll
- 867 Osberht for the second time together with Ælle
- Kirby points out coin finds that are incompatible with this king list. Based on new research, Rollason indicates an alternative development of the kings between 808 and 867.
- 808 – around 830 Eardwulf for the second time
- around 830 – around 854 Eanred
- around 854 – around 858 Æthelred II.
- around 858 Rædwulf
- around 858 – around 862 Æthelred II for the second time
- around 862 – around 866 Osberht
- around 866–867 Ælle
- 867 Osberht for the second time together with Ælle
- 867–872 Ecgberht I. (only in Bernicia)
- 872–876 Ricsige (from 874/5 only in Bernicia)
- 876–878 Ecgberht II. (Only in Bernicia)
References and comments
- ↑ Simon Keynes: Kings of the Northumbrians . In: Lapidge et al. (Ed.): The Blackwell Encyclopaedia of Anglo-Saxon England . Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford et al. a. 2001, ISBN 978-0-631-22492-1 , pp. 502-505.
- ↑ a b After Barbara Yorke, Eardwulf had no second term. Eanred followed Ælfwald II in 808. Barbara Yorke: Kings and Kingdoms of Early Anglo-Saxon England . Routledge, London / New York 2002, ISBN 978-0-415-16639-3 , pp. 87 and 96.
- ↑ DP Kirby: The Earliest English Kings. Unwin Hyman, London 1991, ISBN 0-04-445691-3
- ↑ David W. Rollason: Eardwulf ( Memento of December 9, 2012 in the Internet Archive ), Ælle ( Memento of September 15, 2012 in the Internet Archive ), Osberht ( Memento of May 22, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) (paid registration required). In: Oxford Dictionary of National Biography , Oxford University Press, 2004. Retrieved February 4, 2012
- ↑ 867 Northumbria came under the rule of the Danish Vikings, who established the kingdom of Jórvík . King Ecgberht ruled as an under-king (de facto as a puppet of the Danish Viking princes). After its overthrow in 872, the Anglo-Saxons tried to rebuild the kingdom, but were pushed back to Bernicia in 874 or 875 , and around 878 the kingdom was completely absorbed into the Kingdom of Jórvík , the local rulers were first Ealdorman and then Earls . With the re-conquest of the country by Æthelstan in 927, Northumbria became part of the Kingdom of England.