List of the kings of Northumbria

The Anglo-Saxon Kingdom of Northumbria emerged in the 7th century from the union of the kingdoms of Bernicia and Deira ; for the predecessors of the kings listed here, see: List of the Kings of Bernicia and List of the Kings of Deira . The first ruler to rule both kingdoms was Æthelfrith , but under his successors the two kingdoms were separated again or a sub-kingdom was established in Deira under Northumbrian sovereignty.

The year figures are approximate and may vary slightly from the correct information.

592–616 Æthelfrith , originally king of Bernicia, conquered Deira
616-633 Edwin
633–634 Division of Northumbria: Eanfrith in Bernicia, Osric in Deira
634-642 Oswald
642–670 Division of Northumbria: Oswiu (up to 651 only in Bernicia), Oswine in Deira (642 / 643–651), until 679 dependent sub-kings ruled in Deira
670–685 Ecgfrith (since 664 sub-king in Deira)
- around 672 Beornhæth , Lower King
686-705 Aldfrith
705-706 Eadwulf
706-716 Osred I.
716-718 Cenred
718-729 Osric
729-737 Ceolwulf
737-758 Eadberht
758-759 Oswulf
759–765 Æthelwald minor
765-774 Ealchred
774–778 / 779 Æthelred I.
778 / 779–788 Ælfwald
788-790 Osred II.
790–796 Æthelred I. for the second time
796 Osbald
796-806? Eardwulf
806? -808? Ælfwald II.
808? –810? Eardwulf for the second time
810? –840/841 Eanred
840 / 841–844 Æthelred II.
844 Rædwulf
844-848? Æthelred II for the second time
848 / 849-862 / 863 Osberht
862 / 863–867 Æll
867 Osberht for the second time together with Ælle

Kirby points out coin finds that are incompatible with this king list. Based on new research, Rollason indicates an alternative development of the kings between 808 and 867.

808 – around 830 Eardwulf for the second time
around 830 – around 854 Eanred
around 854 – around 858 Æthelred II.
around 858 Rædwulf
around 858 – around 862 Æthelred II for the second time
around 862 – around 866 Osberht
around 866–867 Ælle
867 Osberht for the second time together with Ælle

867–872 Ecgberht I. (only in Bernicia)
872–876 Ricsige (from 874/5 only in Bernicia)
876–878 Ecgberht II. (Only in Bernicia)

References and comments

↑ Simon Keynes: Kings of the Northumbrians . In: Lapidge et al. (Ed.): The Blackwell Encyclopaedia of Anglo-Saxon England . Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford et al. a. 2001, ISBN 978-0-631-22492-1 , pp. 502-505.
↑ ^a ^b After Barbara Yorke, Eardwulf had no second term. Eanred followed Ælfwald II in 808. Barbara Yorke: Kings and Kingdoms of Early Anglo-Saxon England . Routledge, London / New York 2002, ISBN 978-0-415-16639-3 , pp. 87 and 96.
↑ DP Kirby: The Earliest English Kings. Unwin Hyman, London 1991, ISBN 0-04-445691-3
↑ David W. Rollason: Eardwulf ( Memento of December 9, 2012 in the Internet Archive ), Ælle ( Memento of September 15, 2012 in the Internet Archive ), Osberht ( Memento of May 22, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) (paid registration required). In: Oxford Dictionary of National Biography , Oxford University Press, 2004. Retrieved February 4, 2012
↑ 867 Northumbria came under the rule of the Danish Vikings, who established the kingdom of Jórvík . King Ecgberht ruled as an under-king (de facto as a puppet of the Danish Viking princes). After its overthrow in 872, the Anglo-Saxons tried to rebuild the kingdom, but were pushed back to Bernicia in 874 or 875 , and around 878 the kingdom was completely absorbed into the Kingdom of Jórvík , the local rulers were first Ealdorman and then Earls . With the re-conquest of the country by Æthelstan in 927, Northumbria became part of the Kingdom of England.

[enc509-1] Simon Keynes: Kings of the Northumbrians . In: Lapidge et al. (Ed.): The Blackwell Encyclopaedia of Anglo-Saxon England . Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford et al. a. 2001, ISBN 978-0-631-22492-1 , pp. 502-505.

[babs87-2] After Barbara Yorke, Eardwulf had no second term. Eanred followed Ælfwald II in 808. Barbara Yorke: Kings and Kingdoms of Early Anglo-Saxon England . Routledge, London / New York 2002, ISBN 978-0-415-16639-3 , pp. 87 and 96.

[3] DP Kirby: The Earliest English Kings. Unwin Hyman, London 1991, ISBN 0-04-445691-3

[4] David W. Rollason: Eardwulf ( Memento of December 9, 2012 in the Internet Archive ), Ælle ( Memento of September 15, 2012 in the Internet Archive ), Osberht ( Memento of May 22, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) (paid registration required). In: Oxford Dictionary of National Biography , Oxford University Press, 2004. Retrieved February 4, 2012

[5] 867 Northumbria came under the rule of the Danish Vikings, who established the kingdom of Jórvík . King Ecgberht ruled as an under-king (de facto as a puppet of the Danish Viking princes). After its overthrow in 872, the Anglo-Saxons tried to rebuild the kingdom, but were pushed back to Bernicia in 874 or 875 , and around 878 the kingdom was completely absorbed into the Kingdom of Jórvík , the local rulers were first Ealdorman and then Earls . With the re-conquest of the country by Æthelstan in 927, Northumbria became part of the Kingdom of England.