Émile Duclaux
Émile Duclaux (born June 24, 1840 in Aurillac , † February 5, 1904 in Paris ) was a French microbiologist , physicist and chemist . He was an employee of Louis Pasteur and director of the Pasteur Institute . Its official botanical author's abbreviation is " Duclaux ".
Life
Duclaux was the son of a lawyer and attended the Lycée Saint-Louis in Paris and from 1859 the École normal supérieure . From 1862 he was an assistant in Louis Pasteur's laboratory. In 1865 he received his doctorate in chemistry. He then taught at a school in Tours (1865), where he also turned to meteorology, Clermont-Ferrand (1866), from 1873 in Lyon (as a physics professor at the Faculté des Sciences, later the university) and from 1878 in Paris as professor of meteorology at the Institute of Agronomy. In 1887 he was one of the founders and co-editors of the Annales de l´Institut Pasteur and from 1895 as the successor of Pasteur the director of the Pasteur Institute (with Charles Chamberland (1851-1908) and Émile Roux as deputies), at which he was deputy from 1888 Was director and lectured.
With Pasteur he worked on silkworm disease, on wine fermentation and beer brewing, and on the refutation of the theory of the spontaneous generation of life. He was also involved in studies to control phylloxera , examined cheese and milk composition, dealt with physics (capillarity, etc.), agriculture, medical hygiene, chemistry and bacteriology. Duclaux gave the name Enzyman with the commonly used addition - ase . The general importance of enzymes recognized at that time in the Pasteur area was reflected in a review article by Duclaux in 1877. He wrote a biography of Pasteur and a manual on microbiology.
In 1888 he became a member of the Académie des sciences and in 1894 of the Académie nationale de médecine .
In the Dreyfus affair he was a prominent supporter of Alfred Dreyfus . He was a founding member of the French League for Human Rights and its Vice-President.
His first marriage was from 1873 to a daughter of the French mathematician Charles Briot , with whom he had two sons and who died in 1880 of puerperal fever. His second wife (from 1901) Agnes Mary Frances Duclaux (née Robinson, 1857–1944) was a writer, his son Jacques Duclaux (1877–1978) a biologist and chemist. A building of the Pasteur Institute is named after him. The same applies to Duclaux Point , a headland on the Brabant Island in Antarctica.
Fonts
- Traité de microbiologie, 4 volumes 1898 to 1901 (seven volumes were originally planned)
- L'hygiène sociale 1902
- Ferments et maladies
- Pasteur, histoire d'un esprit 1896
literature
- Albert Delaunay: Duclax, Émile . In: Charles Coulston Gillispie (Ed.): Dictionary of Scientific Biography . tape 4 : Richard Dedekind - Firmicus Maternus . Charles Scribner's Sons, New York 1971, p. 210-212 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Otto Hoffmann-Ostenhof, Enzymologie, Springer Verlag 1954, p. 8
- ↑ Ducloux, Action of diastases ou ferments solubles in Dechambre, Dictionnaire des sciences encyclopédique medicales 1877
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Duclaux, Émile |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | French microbiologist, physicist and chemist |
| DATE OF BIRTH | June 24, 1840 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Aurillac |
| DATE OF DEATH | February 5, 1904 |
| Place of death | Paris |