Óscar Osorio Hernández

Óscar Osorio Hernández

Óscar Osorio Hernández (born December 14, 1910 in Sonsonate , El Salvador, † March 6, 1969 in Houston ) was a lieutenant colonel of the FAES and from September 14, 1950 to September 14, 1956 President of El Salvador .

Life

He married twice: first Leticia Rosales, with her he had three children: Ana Maya, Oscar and Rhina. His second wife was Esperanza Llerena with her he had two children, Humberto and Cecilia.

He attended elementary school in Sonsonate, Santa Ana and San Salvador; He did his professional training on the Escuela Militar Capitán General Gerardo Barrios in San Salvador. The dictator and fascist friend Maximiliano Hernández Martínez sent him to Italy from 1940 to 1943 under the fascist dictatorship of Benito Mussolini . Osorio studied at the Istituto di Studi Militari dell'Esercito in Turin .

Remote controlled coup

On December 14, 1948, Capitán Carlos Córdova, deputy commander of the Centro de Instrucción de Transmisiones de la Fuerza Armada (CITFA) telephoned his brother Colonel Manuel Córdova in the Escuela Militar . As a result, shots were fired at the official residence of the presidents, which caused Salvador Castaneda Castro to flee to a police barracks. Maximiliano Hernández Martínez had regained power from this police barracks in 1944. The police were intimidated with gunfire, Castaneda was captured and taken to El Zapote , where he was beaten and insulted by Mayor Roberto López Trejo. He was also charged and convicted of colossal fraud.

At the time of the coup, Osorio was a major, military attaché at the embassy in Mexico City .

Consejo Revolucionario de Gobierno

After the El Golpe de los Mayores coup against Salvador Castaneda Castro, El Salvador was ruled by the Consejo Revolucionario de Gobierno . Osorio became chairman of this junta , other members were: Mayor Óscar Adán Bolaños, Lieutenant Colonel Manuel de Jesús Córdova as civilians, Dr. Humberto Costa and Dr. Raynaldo Galindo Pohl.

In 1950 a constitution was enacted which made insurrection compulsory if a change of power was prevented, and it proclaimed the principle of the social function of private property.

Osorio was a candidate for the Partido Revolucionario de Unificación Democrática in the presidential elections in 1950. His opponent was Colonel José Ascencio Menéndez, who had been nominated by the Partido de Acción Renovadora (PAR).

Presidency

Osorio took office on September 14, 1956. During his tenure, coffee and cotton prices rose steadily. During his tenure there was social legislation : social insurance was introduced for urban workers. There was social housing by the Instituto de Vivienda Urbana (IVU).

The coup of December 14, 1948, officially known as the Revolución de 1948 , was celebrated with great pomp .

The government showed itself to be a patron of the arts and financed a foreign scholarship program for artists.

Corresponding to a democratic opening, basic civil rights were paradoxically revoked by the Ley de Defensa del Orden Constitucional . Based on this law, the Osorio government developed a selective repression from 1952 to 1956 against functionaries of the workers' and student organizations, which had been popular in 1944 in the resistance against the dictatorship of Maximiliano Hernández Martínez.

During his reign the practice of enforced disappearances was practiced by opposition members. Functionaries of the Salvadoran left parties, such as Salvador Cayetano Carpio and his wife Tula Alvarenga, the student leader Gabriel Gallegos Valdés and Celestino Castro disappeared and were tortured by the Policía Nacional , as Carpio reported in his 1956 book Secuestro y capucha .

In terms of repression of political opponents, the government has been on a par with its previous governments since 1932, as a government of oligarchy and imperialism . The Osorio government used demagoguery to accentuate its oppression and terror against the democratic movement. With the support of a union federation loyal to the line , it was able to convey some of its policy to the employees.

Economic policy

Thanks to the rise in coffee prices , there was an economic boom in El Salvador. During Osorio's tenure, cotton began to be grown on a large scale in the coastal region, particularly in the west of El Salvador. There were government impulses for limited industrialization . The income from a coffee export tax financed numerous public works, especially in the area of ​​port construction by the Comisión Ejecutiva de Puertos CEPA, the construction of the 5 de noviembre hydropower station on the Río Lempa, the construction of the Carretera del Litoral CA2 coastal road , the construction of the "Puente de Oro "bridge over the Río Lempa, numerous school buildings and apartment buildings.

Foreign policy

With regard to Central American economic integration , a conference of foreign ministers took place on October 14, 1951, of the Central American states in San Salvador, at which the Carta de San Salvador was signed, which is considered to be the origin of the Organización de Estados Centroamericanos (ODECA). Óscar Osorio Hernández was a staunch enemy of the Somoza clan in Nicaragua.

Formation of government in Guatemala

As part of Operation PBSUCCESS , Osorio was a mediator at the end of June 1954 in negotiations with John Emil Peurifoy to replace Carlos Enrique Díaz de León with Carlos Castillo Armas .

Partido Revolucionario de Unificación Democrática

The PRUD was founded in 1945. Its members included among others: Raynaldo Galindo Pohl, as well as members of the Nicaraguan exile community in El Salvador such as Rigoberto López Pérez and Aldo Díaz Lacayo .

Óscar Osorio died in The Methodist Hospital as a result of kidney failure , which was accompanied by pneumonia .

Individual evidence

1. ^ Time , Jul. 18, 1949, Sick Eyes
2. ↑ ^{a b} El Nuevo Diario , 10 de Octubre de 2007, A los 51 años de la gesta de Rigoberto López Pérez ( Memento from February 23, 2013 in the web archive archive.today )
3. ^ Dwight D. Eisenhower , The White House Years Mandate For Change 1953-1956 Doubleday & Company, Inc, Garden City, New York 1963, 426 OCLC 2551357

predecessor	Office	successor
Consejo Revolucionario de Gobierno Raynaldo Galindo Pohl Mayor Óscar Adán Bolaños Dr. Humberto Costa Mayor Óscar Osorio Lieutenant Colonel Manuel de Jesús Córdova	President of El Salvador 1950–1956	José María Lemus López