1,1-dichloroethane

Structural formula
General
Surname	1,1-dichloroethane
other names	Ethylidene dichloride; Ethylidene chloride; R-150a;
Molecular formula	C 2 H 4 Cl 2
Brief description	chloroform or phenol- like smelling colorless liquid
External identifiers / databases
EC number	200-863-5
ECHA InfoCard	100,000,785
PubChem	6365
Wikidata	Q161282
properties
Molar mass	98.96 g mol −1
Physical state	liquid
density	1.17 g cm −3
Melting point	−98 ° C
boiling point	57 ° C
Vapor pressure	243 h Pa (20 ° C); 371 hPa (30 ° C); 548 hPa (40 ° C); 787 hPa (50 ° C);
solubility	poor in water (5.06 g l −1 at 20 ° C)
Refractive index	1.4164 (20 ° C)
safety instructions
H and P phrases	H: 225-302-319-335-412
	P: 210-261-273-305 + 351 + 338
MAK	DFG : 410 mg m −3 ; Switzerland: 100 ml m −3 or 400 mg m −3 ;
Thermodynamic properties
ΔH f 0	−158.4 kJ / mol
	As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions . Refractive index: Na-D line , 20 ° C

1,1-dichloroethane ( ethylidene dichloride ) is an oily, colorless and easily flammable liquid with a mild, sweet, chloroform- like odor. This chemical compound is one of the chlorinated hydrocarbons . In contrast to 1,2-dichloroethane, 1,1-dichloroethane has both chlorine atoms bonded to the same carbon atom.

Presentation and extraction

1,1-Dichloroethane is largely produced from vinyl chloride by the addition of HCl . This is an electrophilic addition according to Markovnikov .

properties

Safety-related parameters

1,1-dichloroethane forms highly flammable vapor-air mixtures. The compound has a flash point of −10 ° C. The explosion range is between 5.6% by volume (225 g / m ³ ) as the lower explosion limit (LEL) and 16% by volume (660 g / m ³ ) as the upper explosion limit (UEL). The limit gap width was determined to be 1.8 mm. This results in an assignment to explosion group IIA. The ignition temperature is 440 ° C. The substance therefore falls into temperature class T2.

use

1,1-dichloroethane is used in the production of solvents and extractants for special purposes. It used to be used as a surgical anesthetic . It is also used to dissolve substances such as paints or varnishes and to remove grease . 1,1-dichloroethane is a component of many packaging materials and plastic packaging.

hazards

Insufficient data are available to assess the carcinogenicity of 1,1-dichloroethane. However, it is known that the substance causes kidney damage in animal experiments . 1,1-dichloroethane is highly flammable.

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t Entry on 1,1-dichloroethane in the GESTIS substance database of the IFA , accessed on March 15, 2018(JavaScript required) .
↑ David R. Lide (Ed.): CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics . 90th edition. (Internet version: 2010), CRC Press / Taylor and Francis, Boca Raton, FL, Physical Constants of Organic Compounds, pp. 3-154.
↑ Entry on 1,1-dichloroethane in the Classification and Labeling Inventory of the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), accessed on February 1, 2016. Manufacturers or distributors can expand the harmonized classification and labeling .
↑ Swiss Accident Insurance Fund (Suva): Limit values - current MAK and BAT values (search for 75-34-3 or 1,1-dichloroethane ), accessed on November 2, 2015.
↑ David R. Lide (Ed.): CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics . 90th edition. (Internet version: 2010), CRC Press / Taylor and Francis, Boca Raton, FL, Standard Thermodynamic Properties of Chemical Substances, pp. 5-22.
^ ^A ^b ^c E. Brandes, W. Möller: Safety-related parameters - Volume 1: Flammable liquids and gases , Wirtschaftsverlag NW - Verlag für neue Wissenschaft GmbH, Bremerhaven 2003.

[GESTIS-1] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t Entry on 1,1-dichloroethane in the GESTIS substance database of the IFA , accessed on March 15, 2018(JavaScript required) .

[CRC90_3_154-2] David R. Lide (Ed.): CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics . 90th edition. (Internet version: 2010), CRC Press / Taylor and Francis, Boca Raton, FL, Physical Constants of Organic Compounds, pp. 3-154.

[CLP_100.000.785-3] Entry on 1,1-dichloroethane in the Classification and Labeling Inventory of the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), accessed on February 1, 2016. Manufacturers or distributors can expand the harmonized classification and labeling .

[4] Swiss Accident Insurance Fund (Suva): Limit values - current MAK and BAT values (search for 75-34-3 or 1,1-dichloroethane ), accessed on November 2, 2015.

[CRC90_5_22-5] David R. Lide (Ed.): CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics . 90th edition. (Internet version: 2010), CRC Press / Taylor and Francis, Boca Raton, FL, Standard Thermodynamic Properties of Chemical Substances, pp. 5-22.

[Brandes-6] A ^b ^c E. Brandes, W. Möller: Safety-related parameters - Volume 1: Flammable liquids and gases , Wirtschaftsverlag NW - Verlag für neue Wissenschaft GmbH, Bremerhaven 2003.