1,1-dichloroethane
Structural formula | ||||||||||||||||
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General | ||||||||||||||||
Surname | 1,1-dichloroethane | |||||||||||||||
other names |
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Molecular formula | C 2 H 4 Cl 2 | |||||||||||||||
Brief description |
chloroform or phenol- like smelling colorless liquid |
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properties | ||||||||||||||||
Molar mass | 98.96 g mol −1 | |||||||||||||||
Physical state |
liquid |
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density |
1.17 g cm −3 |
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Melting point |
−98 ° C |
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boiling point |
57 ° C |
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Vapor pressure |
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solubility |
poor in water (5.06 g l −1 at 20 ° C) |
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Refractive index |
1.4164 (20 ° C) |
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safety instructions | ||||||||||||||||
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MAK |
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Thermodynamic properties | ||||||||||||||||
ΔH f 0 |
−158.4 kJ / mol |
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As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions . Refractive index: Na-D line , 20 ° C |
1,1-dichloroethane ( ethylidene dichloride ) is an oily, colorless and easily flammable liquid with a mild, sweet, chloroform- like odor. This chemical compound is one of the chlorinated hydrocarbons . In contrast to 1,2-dichloroethane, 1,1-dichloroethane has both chlorine atoms bonded to the same carbon atom.
Presentation and extraction
1,1-Dichloroethane is largely produced from vinyl chloride by the addition of HCl . This is an electrophilic addition according to Markovnikov .
properties
Safety-related parameters
1,1-dichloroethane forms highly flammable vapor-air mixtures. The compound has a flash point of −10 ° C. The explosion range is between 5.6% by volume (225 g / m 3 ) as the lower explosion limit (LEL) and 16% by volume (660 g / m 3 ) as the upper explosion limit (UEL). The limit gap width was determined to be 1.8 mm. This results in an assignment to explosion group IIA. The ignition temperature is 440 ° C. The substance therefore falls into temperature class T2.
use
1,1-dichloroethane is used in the production of solvents and extractants for special purposes. It used to be used as a surgical anesthetic . It is also used to dissolve substances such as paints or varnishes and to remove grease . 1,1-dichloroethane is a component of many packaging materials and plastic packaging.
hazards
Insufficient data are available to assess the carcinogenicity of 1,1-dichloroethane. However, it is known that the substance causes kidney damage in animal experiments . 1,1-dichloroethane is highly flammable.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Entry on 1,1-dichloroethane in the GESTIS substance database of the IFA , accessed on March 15, 2018(JavaScript required) .
- ↑ David R. Lide (Ed.): CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics . 90th edition. (Internet version: 2010), CRC Press / Taylor and Francis, Boca Raton, FL, Physical Constants of Organic Compounds, pp. 3-154.
- ↑ Entry on 1,1-dichloroethane in the Classification and Labeling Inventory of the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), accessed on February 1, 2016. Manufacturers or distributors can expand the harmonized classification and labeling .
- ↑ Swiss Accident Insurance Fund (Suva): Limit values - current MAK and BAT values (search for 75-34-3 or 1,1-dichloroethane ), accessed on November 2, 2015.
- ↑ David R. Lide (Ed.): CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics . 90th edition. (Internet version: 2010), CRC Press / Taylor and Francis, Boca Raton, FL, Standard Thermodynamic Properties of Chemical Substances, pp. 5-22.
- ^ A b c E. Brandes, W. Möller: Safety-related parameters - Volume 1: Flammable liquids and gases , Wirtschaftsverlag NW - Verlag für neue Wissenschaft GmbH, Bremerhaven 2003.