2000 Guinea Stakes
The 2000 Guineas Stakes is a Group I - flat racing in the UK for 3-year-old thoroughbreds . It will be played on the Rowley Mile in Newmarket for a distance of 1 mile (1609 m). It takes place in late April or early May.
It is the first of the five classic horse races in Great Britain each year. It's also the first Triple Crown race of the year, followed by the Derby and St Leger .
history
The 2000 Guineas, which is open to both stallions and mares, was held for the first time on April 18, 1809. Five years later, the mare race 1000 Guineas was held for the first time. Both races were established by the Jockey Club under the direction of Sir Charles Bunbury. Bunbury had previously helped found the Epsom Derby . The races were named after their original prize money.
Since the mid-1860s, the 2000 Guinea has been one of the most prestigious horse races for 3-year-olds. Since then, the five most important races for three-year-olds have been called “classic races”. The classic races are characterized by longer distances towards the end of the season. This concept was later adopted by many other countries.
Successors to the British 2000 Guineas include: the Irish 2000 Guineas, the Mehl-Mülhens-Rennen - German 2000 Guineas in Germany, the Poule d'Essai des Poulains held in Longchamp , the Premio Parioli in the Ippodromo Capannelle , the Hungarian Nemzeti Dij, the Australian Thousand Guineas in Melbourne and the Japanese Satsuki Shō in Funabashi .
Since 2001, the 2,000 Guineas and the 1,000 Guineas have been given the same prize money. In 2012, both were awarded £ 350,000. In 2014, the prize pool was £ 450,000, of which the winner received £ 255,195.
Winner 2000 Guinea
year | winner | jockey | Trainer | owner | time | comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1809 | Wizard | Bill Clift | Tom Perren | Christopher Wilson | ||
1810 | Hephestion | Frank Buckle | Robert Robson | 2nd Earl Grosvenor | ||
1811 | Trophonius | Sam Barnard | Dixon Boyce | Robert Andrew | ||
1812 | Cwrw | Sam Chifney | William Chifney | 3rd Earl of Darlington | ||
1813 | Smolensko | H. Miller | Crouch | Sir Charles Bunbury | ||
1814 | olive | Bill Arnull | Dixon Boyce | Charles Wyndham | ||
1815 | Tigris | Bill Arnull | Dixon Boyce | 1st Baron Rous | ||
1816 | Nectar | Bill Arnull | Dixon Boyce | Lord George Cavendish | ||
1817 | Manfred | Will Wheatley | Robert Stephenson | Scott Stonehewer | ||
1818 | interpreter | Bill Clift | Richard Prince | 3rd Baron Foley | ||
1819 | Antar | Edward Edwards | James Edwards | Sir John Shelley | ||
1820 | Pindarrie | Frank Buckle | Robert Robson | 4. Duke of Grafton | ||
1821 | Reginald | Frank Buckle | Robert Robson | 4. Duke of Grafton | ||
1822 | pastille | Frank Buckle | Robert Robson | 4. Duke of Grafton | ||
1823 | Nicolo | Will Wheatley | Joe Rogers | Joe Rogers | ||
1824 | Shahriar | Will Wheatley | James Haffenden | |||
1825 | Enamel | Jem Robinson | Charles Marson | 2nd Marquess of Exeter | ||
1826 | Dervise | John Barham Day | Robert Robson | 4. Duke of Grafton | ||
1827 | Turcoman | Frank Buckle | Robert Robson | 4. Duke of Grafton | ||
1828 | Cadland | Jem Robinson | Dixon Boyce | 5. Duke of Rutland | ||
1829 | patron | Frank Boyce | Charles Marson | 2nd Marquess of Exeter | ||
1830 | Augustus | Patrick Connolly | Charles Marson | 2nd Marquess of Exeter | ||
1831 | Riddlesworth | Jem Robinson | James Edwards | 5th Earl of Jersey | ||
1832 | Archibald | Arthur Pavis | Jonathan Peel | |||
1833 | Clearwell | Jem Robinson | 3rd Earl of Orford | |||
1834 | Glencoe | Jem Robinson | James Edwards | 5th Earl of Jersey | ||
1835 | Ibrahim | Jem Robinson | James Edwards | 5th Earl of Jersey | ||
1836 | Bay Middleton | Jem Robinson | James Edwards | 5th Earl of Jersey | ||
1837 | Achmet | Edward Edwards | James Edwards | 5th Earl of Jersey | ||
1838 | Gray Momus | John Barham Day | John Barham Day | Lord George Bentinck | ||
1839 | The Corsair | Bill Wakefield | John Doe | 1st Earl of Lichfield | ||
1840 | Crucifix | John Barham Day | John Barham Day | Lord George Bentinck | ||
1841 | Ralph | John Barham Day | W. Edwards | 4th Earl of Albemarle | ||
1842 | meteor | Bill Scott | John Scott | John Bowes | ||
1843 | Cotherstone | Bill Scott | John Scott | John Bowes | ||
1844 | The Ugly Buck | John Day | John Barham Day | John Barham Day | ||
1845 | Idas | Nat Flatman | Robert Boyce, Jr. | 2nd Earl of Stradbroke | ||
1846 | Sir Tatton Sykes | Bill Scott | William Oates | Bill Scott | ||
1847 | Conyngham | Jem Robinson | John Day | Sir Robert Pigot | ||
1848 | Flat catcher | Jem Robinson | Henry Stebbing | B. Green | ||
1849 | Nunnykirk | Frank Butler | John Scott | Anthony Nichol | ||
1850 | Pitsford | Alfred Day | John Day | Harry Hill | ||
1851 | Hernandez | Nat Flatman | John Kent, Jr. | Viscount Enfield | ||
1852 | Stockwell | John Norman | William Harlock | 2nd Marquess of Exeter | ||
1853 | West Australian | Frank Butler | John Scott | John Bowes | Triple Crown winner | |
1854 | The Hermit | Alfred Day | John Day | John Gully | ||
1855 | Lord of the Isles | Tom Aldcroft | William Day | James Merry | ||
1856 | Fazzoletto | Nat Flatman | John Scott | 14th Earl of Derby | ||
1857 | Vedette | John Osborne, Jr. | George Abdale | 2nd Earl of Zetland | 1: 51.00 | |
1858 | Fitz-Roland | John Wells | George Manning | Sir Joseph Hawley | ||
1859 | The Promised Land | Alfred Day | William Day | William Day | ||
1860 | The Wizard | Tom Ashmall | John Scott | Anthony Nichol | ||
1861 | Diophantus | Arthur Edwards | Joseph Dawson | 7th Earl of Stamford | 1: 43.00 | |
1862 | The Marquis | Tom Ashmall | John Scott | Stanhope Hawke | ||
1863 | Macaroni | Tom Chaloner | James Godding | Richard Naylor | ||
1864 | General Peel | Tom Aldcroft | Tom Dawson | 5th Earl of Glasgow | 1: 48.50 | |
1865 | Gladiateur | Harry Grimshaw | Tom Jennings, Sr. | Frédéric de Lagrange | Triple Crown winner | |
1866 | Lord Lyon | R. Thomas | James Dover | Richard Sutton | Triple Crown winner | |
1867 | Vauban | George Fordham | John Day | 8. Duke of Beaufort | ||
1868 | Formosa Muslim |
George Fordham Tom Chaloner |
Henry Woolcott Alec Taylor, Sr. |
William Graham William Stirling Crawfurd |
dead heat race | |
1869 | Pretender | John Osborne, Jr. | Tom Dawson | John Johnstone | ||
1870 | Macgregor | John Daley | J. Waugh | James Merry | ||
1871 | Bothwell | John Osborne, Jr. | Tom Dawson | John Johnstone | ||
1872 | Prince Charlie | John Osborne, Jr. | Joseph Dawson | Joseph Dawson | ||
1873 | Gang Forward | Tom Chaloner | Alec Taylor, Sr. | William Stirling Crawfurd | 1: 46.00 | |
1874 | Atlantic | Fred Archer | Mathew Dawson | 6. Viscount Falmouth | ||
1875 | Camballo | John Osborne, Jr. | Mathew Dawson | Clare Vyner | ||
1876 | Petrarch | Harry Luke | John Dawson, Sr. | Viscount Dupplin | ||
1877 | Chamant | Jem goater | Tom Jennings, Sr. | Frédéric de Lagrange | ||
1878 | Pilgrimage | Tom Cannon, Sr. | Joe Cannon | 4th Earl of Lonsdale | 1: 56.00 | |
1879 | Charibert | Fred Archer | Mathew Dawson | 6. Viscount Falmouth | 1: 51.00 | |
1880 | Petronel | George Fordham | Joe Cannon | 8. Duke of Beaufort | 1: 52.00 | |
1881 | Peregrine | Fred Webb | Robert Peck | 1st Duke of Westminster | 1: 49.00 | |
1882 | Shotover | Tom Cannon, Sr. | John Porter | 1st Duke of Westminster | 1: 53.40 | |
1883 | Galliard | Fred Archer | Mathew Dawson | 6. Viscount Falmouth | 1: 50.40 | |
1884 | Scot Free | Billy Platt | Tom Chaloner | John Foy | 1: 48.00 | |
1885 | paradox | Fred Archer | John Porter | William Broderick Cloete | 1: 51.40 | |
1886 | Ormonde | George Barrett | John Porter | 1st Duke of Westminster | 1: 46.80 | Triple Crown winner |
1887 | Enterprise | Tom Cannon, Sr. | James Ryan | Douglas Baird | 1: 45.60 | |
1888 | Ayrshire | John Osborne, Jr. | George Dawson | 6. Duke of Portland | 1: 52.20 | |
1889 | enthusiast | Tom Cannon, Sr. | James Ryan | Douglas Baird | 1: 45.20 | |
1890 | Surefoot | John Liddiard | Charles Jousiffe | Archie Merry | 1: 49.80 | |
1891 | Common | George Barrett | John Porter | Frederick Johnstone | 1: 47.00 | Triple Crown winner |
1892 | Bona Vista | Jack Robinson | William Arthur Jarvis | Charles Day Rose | 1: 54.00 | |
1893 | Isinglass | Tommy Loates | James Jewitt | Harry McCalmont | 1: 42.40 | Triple Crown winner |
1894 | Ladas | John Watts | Mathew Dawson | 5th Earl of Rosebery | 1: 44.20 | |
1895 | Kirkconnel | John Watts | Jos Day | John Blundell Maple | 1: 42.40 | |
1896 | St Frusquin | Tommy Loates | Alfred Hayhoe | Leopold de Rothschild | 1: 43.60 | |
1897 | Galtee More | Charles Wood | Sam darling | John Gubbins | 1: 40.60 | Triple Crown winner |
1898 | Disraeli | Sam Loates | John Dawson, Sr. | Wallace Johnstone | 1: 41.80 | |
1899 | Flying fox | Morny Cannon | John Porter | 1st Duke of Westminster | 1: 43.00 | Triple Crown winner |
1900 | Diamond Jubilee | Herbert Jones | Richard Marsh | Albert Edward, Prince of Wales | 1: 41.60 | Triple Crown winner |
1901 | Handicapper | Bill Halsey | Fred Day | Sir Ernest Cassel | 1: 43.00 | |
1902 | Scepter | Herbert Randall | Bob Sievier | Bob Sievier | 1: 39.00 | |
1903 | Rock sand | Skeets Martin | George Blackwell | Sir James Miller | 1: 42.00 | Triple Crown winner |
1904 | St Amant | Kempton Cannon | Alfred Hayhoe | Leopold de Rothschild | 1: 38.80 | |
1905 | Vedas | Herbert Jones | Jack Robinson | West de Wend-Fenton | 1: 41.20 | |
1906 | Gorgos | Herbert Jones | Richard Marsh | Arthur James | 1: 43.80 | |
1907 | Slieve Gallion | Billy Higgs | Sam darling | Henry Greer | 1: 41.80 | |
1908 | Norman | Otto Madden | John Watson | August Belmont Jr. | 1: 44.60 | |
1909 | Minoru | Herbert Jones | Richard Marsh | Edward VII | 1: 37.80 | |
1910 | Neil Gow | Danny Maher | Percy Peck | 5th Earl of Rosebery | 1: 40.40 | |
1911 | Sunstar | George Stern | Charles Morton | Jack Barnato Joel | 1: 37.60 | |
1912 | Sweeper | Danny Maher | Atty Persse | Herman Duryea | 1: 38.40 | |
1913 | Louvois | Johnny Reiff | Dawson Waugh | Walter Raphael | 1: 38.80 | |
1914 | Kennymore | George Stern | Alec Taylor, Jr. | Sir John Thursby | 1: 38.00 | |
1915 | Pomerania | Steve Donoghue | Charles Peck | Solly Joel | 1: 43.40 | Triple Crown winner |
1916 | Clarissimus | Jimmy Clark | Willie Waugh | 7. Viscount Falmouth | 1: 39.60 | |
1917 | Gay Crusader | Steve Donoghue | Alec Taylor, Jr. | Alfred Cox | 1: 40.80 | Triple Crown winner |
1918 | Gainsborough | Joe Childs | Alec Taylor, Jr. | Lady James Douglas | 1: 44.60 | Triple Crown winner |
1919 | The panther | Dick Cooper | George Manser | Sir Alec Black | 1: 44.40 | |
1920 | Tetratema | Brownie Carslake | Atty Persse | Dermot McCalmont | 1: 43.20 | |
1921 | Craig to Eran | John Brennan | Alec Taylor, Jr. | 2. Viscount Astor | 1: 41.60 | |
1922 | St Louis | George Archibald | Peter Gilpin | 1st Baron Queenborough | 1: 43.60 | |
1923 | Ellangowan | Charlie Elliott | Jack Jarvis | 5th Earl of Rosebery | 1: 37.80 | |
1924 | Diophone | George Hulme | Dick Dawson | Aga Khan III. | 1: 39.00 | |
1925 | manna | Steve Donoghue | Fred Darling | Henry Morriss | 1: 39.40 | |
1926 | Colorado | Tommy Weston | George Lambton | 17th Earl of Derby | 1: 43.60 | |
1927 | Adam's Apple | Jack Leach | Harry Cottrill | Charles Whitburn | 1: 38.20 | |
1928 | flamingo | Charlie Elliott | Jack Jarvis | Sir Laurence Philipps | 1: 38.80 | |
1929 | Mr. Jinks | Harry Beasley | Atty Persse | Dermot McCalmont | 1: 39.80 | |
1930 | Diolites | Freddie Fox | Fred Templeman | Sir Hugo Hirst | 1: 42.40 | |
1931 | Cameronian | Joe Childs | Fred Darling | Arthur Dewar | 1: 39.40 | |
1932 | Orwell | Bobby Jones | Joseph Lawson | Washington Singer | 1: 42.40 | |
1933 | Rodosto | Roger Brethès | Harry Count | Princesse de Lucinge | 1: 40.40 | |
1934 | Colombo | Rae Johnstone | Thomas Hogg | 1. Baron Glanely | 1: 40.00 | |
1935 | Bahram | Freddie Fox | Frank Butters | Aga Khan III. | 1: 41.40 | Triple Crown winner |
1936 | Pay up | Bobby Dick | Joseph Lawson | 2. Viscount Astor | 1: 39.60 | |
1937 | Le Ksar | Charles Semblat | Frank Carter | Evremond de Saint-Alary | 1: 44.60 | |
1938 | Double | Gordon Richards | Fred Darling | Henry Morriss | 1: 38.80 | |
1939 | Blue Peter | Eph Smith | Jack Jarvis | 6th Earl of Rosebery | 1: 39.40 | |
1940 | Djebel | Charlie Elliott | Albert Swann | Marcel Boussac | 1: 42.60 | |
1941 | Lambert Simnel | Charlie Elliott | Fred Templeman | 2. Duke of Westminster | 1: 42.60 | |
1942 | Big game | Gordon Richards | Fred Darling | HM King George VI. | 1: 40.80 | |
1943 | Kingsway | Sam Wragg | Joseph Lawson | Alfred Saunders | 1: 37.60 | |
1944 | Garden Path | Harry Wragg | Walter Earl | 17th Earl of Derby | 1: 39.60 | |
1945 | Court Martial | Cliff Richards | Joseph Lawson | 2. Viscount Astor | 1: 40.80 | |
1946 | Happy Knight | Tommy Weston | Henri Jelliss | Sir William Cooke | 1: 38.20 | |
1947 | Tudor Minstrel | Gordon Richards | Fred Darling | Arthur Dewar | 1: 37.80 | |
1948 | My babu | Charlie Smirke | Sam Armstrong | HH Maharaja of Baroda | 1: 35.80 | |
1949 | nimbus | Charlie Elliott | George Colling | Marion Glenister | 1: 38.00 | |
1950 | Palestine | Charlie Smirke | Marcus Marsh | Aga Khan III. | 1: 36.80 | |
1951 | Ki Ming | Scobie Breasley | Michael Beary | Ley On | 1: 42.00 | |
1952 | Thunderhead | Roger Poincelet | Etienne Pollet | Eugène Constant | 1: 42.48 | |
1953 | Nearula | Edgar Britt | Charles Elsey | William Humble | 1: 38.26 | |
1954 | Darius | Manny Mercer | Harry Wragg | Sir Percy Loraine | 1: 39.45 | |
1955 | Our babu | Doug Smith | Geoffrey Brooke | David Robinson | 1: 38.83 | |
1956 | Gilles de Retz | Frank Barlow | Helen Johnson Houghton | Anthony Samuel | 1: 38.76 | the official trainer was Charles Jerdein, as the Jockey Club did not issue tarin licenses to women |
1957 | Crepello | Lester Piggott | Noel Murless | Sir Victor Sassoon | 1: 38.24 | |
1958 | Pall Mall | Doug Smith | Cecil Boyd-Rochfort | HM Queen Elizabeth II | 1: 39.43 | |
1959 | Taboun | George Moore | Alec Head | Aly Khan | 1: 42.42 | |
1960 | Martial | Ron Hutchinson | Paddy Prendergast | Reginald Webster | 1: 38.33 | |
1961 | Rockavon | Norman Stirk | George Boyd | Thomas Yuill | 1: 39.46 | |
1962 | Privy Councilor | Bill Rickaby | Tom Waugh | Gerald Glover | 1: 38.74 | |
1963 | Only for life | Jimmy Lindley | Jeremy Tree | Monica Sheriffe | 1: 45.00 | |
1964 | Baldric | Bill Pyers | Ernie Fellows | Mrs. Howell Jackson | 1: 38.44 | |
1965 | Niksar | Duncan Keith | Walter Nightingall | Wilfred Harvey | 1: 43.31 | |
1966 | Kashmir | Jimmy Lindley | Mick Bartholomew | Peter Butler | 1: 40.68 | |
1967 | Royal Palace | George Moore | Noel Murless | Jim Joel | 1: 39.37 | |
1968 | Sir Ivor | Lester Piggott | Vincent O'Brien | Raymond Guest | 1: 39.26 | |
1969 | Right tack | Geoff Lewis | John Sutcliffe, Jr. | Jim Brown | 1: 41.65 | |
1970 | Nijinsky | Lester Piggott | Vincent O'Brien | Charles Engelhard | 1: 41.54 | Triple Crown winner |
1971 | Brigadier Gerard | Joe Mercer | Dick Hern | Jean Hislop | 1: 39.20 | |
1972 | High top | Willie Carson | Bernard van Cutsem | Sir Jules Thorn | 1: 40.82 | |
1973 | Mon Fils | Frankie Durr | Richard Hannon, Sr. | Brenda Davis | 1: 42.97 | |
1974 | Nonoalco | Yves Saint-Martin | François Boutin | María Félix Berger | 1: 39.58 | |
1975 | Bolkonsky | Gianfranco Dettori | Henry Cecil | Carlo d'Alessio | 1: 39.49 | |
1976 | Wollow | Gianfranco Dettori | Henry Cecil | Carlo d'Alessio | 1: 38.09 | |
1977 | Nebbiolo | Gabriel Curran | Kevin Prendergast | Niels Schibbye | 1: 38.54 | |
1978 | Roland Gardens | Frankie Durr | Duncan Sasse | John Hayter | 1: 47.33 | |
1979 | Tap on Wood | Steve Cauthen | Barry Hills | Tony Shead | 1: 43.60 | |
1980 | Known Fact | Willie Carson | Jeremy Tree | Khalid Abdullah | 1: 40.46 |
Nureyev reached the first goal, because of opposition downgraded. |
1981 | To-Agori-Mou | Greville Starkey | Guy Harwood | Andry Muinos | 1: 41.43 | |
1982 | Zino | Freddy Head | François Boutin | Gerry Oldham | 1: 37.13 | |
1983 | Lomond | Pat Eddery | Vincent O'Brien | Robert Sangster | 1: 43.87 | |
1984 | El Gran Senor | Pat Eddery | Vincent O'Brien | Robert Sangster | 1: 37.41 | |
1985 | Shadeed | Lester Piggott | Michael Stoute | Maktoum Al Maktoum | 1: 37.41 | |
1986 | Dancing Brave | Greville Starkey | Guy Harwood | Khalid Abdullah | 1: 40.00 | |
1987 | Don't Forget Me | Willie Carson | Richard Hannon, Sr. | James Horgan | 1: 36.74 | |
1988 | Doyoun | Walter Swinburn | Michael Stoute | Karim Aga Khan IV. | 1: 41.73 | |
1989 | Nashwan | Willie Carson | Dick Hern | Hamdan Al Maktoum | 1: 36.44 | |
1990 | Tyrol | Michael Kinane | Richard Hannon, Sr. | John Horgan | 1: 35.84 | |
1991 | Mystiko | Michael Roberts | Clive Brittain | Lady Beaverbrook | 1: 37.83 | |
1992 | Rodrigo de Triano | Lester Piggott | Peter Chapple-Hyam | Robert Sangster | 1: 38.37 | |
1993 | Zafonic | Pat Eddery | André Fabre | Khalid Abdullah | 1: 35.32 | |
1994 | Mister Baileys | Jason Weaver | Mark Johnston | GR Bailey Ltd | 1: 35.08 | |
1995 | Pennekamp | Thierry Jarnet | André Fabre | Sheikh Mohammed | 1: 35.16 | |
1996 | Mark of Esteem | Frankie Dettori | Saeed bin Suroor | Godolphin | 1: 37.59 | |
1997 | Entrepreneur | Michael Kinane | Michael Stoute | Michael Tabor / Sue Magnier | 1: 35.64 | |
1998 | King of Kings | Michael Kinane | Aidan O'Brien | Sue Magnier / Michael Tabor | 1: 39.25 | |
1999 | Iceland Sands | Frankie Dettori | Saeed bin Suroor | Godolphin Racing | 1: 37.14 | |
2000 | King's Best | Kieren Fallon | Michael Stoute | Saeed Suhail | 1: 37.77 | |
2001 | Golan | Kieren Fallon | Michael Stoute | Lord Weinstock | 1: 37.48 | |
2002 | Rock of Gibraltar | Johnny Murtagh | Aidan O'Brien | Ferguson / Sue Magnier | Magnier | 1: 36.50 | |
2003 | Refuse to bend | Pat Smullen | Dermot Weld | Moyglare Stud Farm | 1: 37.98 | |
2004 | Haafhd | Richard Hills | Barry Hills | Hamdan Al Maktoum | 1: 36.64 | |
2005 | Footstepsinthesand | Kieren Fallon | Aidan O'Brien | Michael Tabor / Sue Magnier | 1: 36.10 | |
2006 | George Washington | Kieren Fallon | Aidan O'Brien | Sue Magnier / Michael Tabor / Derrick Smith | 1: 36.86 | |
2007 | Cockney Rebel | Olivier Peslier | Geoff Huffer | Phil Cunningham | 1: 35.28 | |
2008 | Henrythenavigator | Johnny Murtagh | Aidan O'Brien | Sue Magnier | 1: 39.14 | |
2009 | Sea the Stars | Michael Kinane | John Oxx | Christopher Tsui | 1: 35.88 | |
2010 | Makfi | Christophe Lemaire | Mikel Delzangles | Mathieu Offenstadt | 1: 36.35 | |
2011 | Frankel | Tom Queally | Henry Cecil | Khalid Abdullah | 1: 37.30 | |
2012 | Camelot | Joseph O'Brien | Aidan O'Brien | Derrick Smith / Sue Magnier / Michael Tabor | 1: 42.46 | |
2013 | Dawn Approach | Kevin Manning | Jim Bolger | Godolphin Racing | 1: 35.84 | |
2014 | Night of Thunder | Kieren Fallon | Richard Hannon, Jr. | Saeed Manana | 1: 36.61 | |
2015 | Gleneagles | Ryan Moore | Aidan O'Brien | Derrick Smith / Sue Magnier / Michael Tabor | 1: 37.55 | |
2016 | Galileo gold | Frankie Dettori | Hugo Palmer | Al Shaqab Racing | 1:35:91 |
literature
- Edward Abelson, John Tyrrel: The Breedon Book of Horse Racing Records . Breedon Books, 1993, ISBN 1-873626-15-0 , pp. 23-31.
- John Randall, Tony Morris: Horse Racing: The Records . Guinness Superlatives Ltd, 1985, ISBN 0-85112-446-1 , pp. 14-24.
Web links
- Newmarket
- galopp-sieger.de - 2000 Guineas Stakes.
- horseracinghistory.co.uk - 2000 guineas.
- horseracingintfed.com - International Federation of Horseracing Authorities - Two Thousand Guineas (2012).
- tbheritage.com - Two Thousand Guineas Stakes.
- YouTube Race Video
Individual evidence
- ↑ John Randall, Tony Morris: Horse Racing: The Records . Guinness Superlatives Ltd, 1985, ISBN 0-85112-446-1 , p. 14.