3D documentation
3D documentation describes the realistic and three-dimensional representation of bodies in digital form. The required data is recorded by laser scanners , for example , and converted into 3D models using special software on the PC.
General
The data stored in 3D documentation can be collected with the help of laser scanners, among other things, and then converted into virtual models with computer programs. In this virtual 3D environment, the objects and rooms can then be viewed, measured or edited. In contrast to conventional two-dimensional documentation, with 3D documentation complex surface structures and volumes can be recorded with millimeter precision and spatial relationships can be reproduced without errors.
technology
In recent years, the development of mobile 3D measuring systems has made a significant contribution to the fact that 3D documentation is used more and more across industries. On the one hand, 3D laser scanning makes it possible to record the current state of objects and rooms directly on site. They work much faster and more precisely than conventional documentation methods. It works on both a large and a small scale: depending on the model design, the laser scanners document the smallest components or entire factories. The most powerful laser scanners generate a point cloud of the entire environment at a speed of around one million measuring points per second. The measurement data are stored in digital form on a storage medium (e.g. SD card).
The raw data are processed further on the PC. In the computer-aided design , the point cloud is converted into volume models of the objects. These can then be reproduced in two- or three-dimensional drawings or in movable visualizations. New components can be tested on the PC on an existing system.
application areas
Technological advances and new application possibilities make 3D documentation interesting for a large number of companies. The entry into series production lowers the costs of the measuring systems. 3D documentation is establishing itself in architecture and civil engineering .
However, the technology is very versatile. Applications range from the acquisition of industrial sites , monuments , prototypes , tunnels, forests to scenarios in a high and civil engineering in archaeological excavations as well as in the automotive and aerospace industries . In addition, 3D documentation is also used in industries such as film production , accident research , forensic medicine and medical technology .
In the construction and real estate industry, 3D documentation is suitable for a wide range of applications: for example, for recording existing buildings or damaged structures. With the help of the 3D documentation, the objects can be depicted in a photo-realistic manner, areas and volumes can be calculated for determining the dimensions and floor plans , sections and views can be generated. In addition to the building envelope, measuring devices such as laser scanners can record all relevant installations such as supply roads and visible pipelines in three dimensions and with their exact dimensions, which significantly reduces the workload.
With the data obtained, the creation of as-built plans, implementation documentation, virtual construction drawings and as-built analyzes can be implemented easily, quickly and inexpensively, as can Building Information Modeling (BIM) as a planning basis and for virtual building models.
3D documentation also changes the way you work. Once captured, digital data sets can be distributed to any number of people via the Internet and can be made available for processing regardless of location. Furthermore, only little space is required for archiving and the documents can be reused as required.
See also
Web links
- Model-based Analysis and Evaluation of Point Sets from Optical 3D Laser Scanners - u. a. Processing of the point cloud in the creation of 3D documentation (PDF file; 9.55 MB)