Abū Muhammad al-Kikunī

Abū Muhammad Muhammad ibn ʿUthmān al-Madanī al-Kikunī ( Arabic أبو محمد محمد بن عثمان المدني الككني, DMG Abū Muḥammad Muḥammad ibn ʿUṯmān al-Madanī al-Kikunī ; born 1835 ; died 1913 in Güneyköy , Yalova ) was an Avar sheikh of the Naqshbandīya in Dagestan , who was one of the initiators of the uprising of 1877. At the end of the 19th century he emigrated to the Ottoman Empire and founded a Dagestani community in exile there. He is known as Kudiyab šeyx (awar, "supreme sheikh") among the Dagestani population of Turkey . His mausoleum in the village of Güneyköy in the Yalova province between Bursa and Istanbul is an important place of pilgrimage for them.

Life

Al-Kikunīs hometown Kikuni is in what is now Gergebil Rajon of the Republic of Dagestan. Al-Kikunī studied religious science with various scholars and was introduced to the Tarīqa of the Naqschbandīya-Chālidīya by ʿAbd ar-Rahmān ath-Thugūrī, a disciple of Jamāl ad-Dīn al-Ghaziqumuqī . From him he also received his ijāza . He rose to the position of Sheikh of the Brotherhood and was able to gather numerous murids around him. In 1877 al-Kikunī joined the uprising against the Russian Empire , after which he hid for a long time in the mountains. He was captured by the Russian authorities in September 1881 and permanently exiled to Irkutsk a month later . Numerous miracle reports are handed down in Naqshbandī circles about his time in Siberian exile. Al-Khidr is said to have accompanied him on walks there several times . In 1889, however, his murids helped him to escape. Together with some students he went to Istanbul without a permit . First he settled in the village of Armutköy in what is now the province of Bursa . Here three sons were born to him: al-Madanī, ʿAlī-ʿAskar and Muhammad.

Al-Kikunī was personally acquainted with Sultan Abdülhamid II . According to the Naqshbandī tradition, he even introduced Abdülhamid into the Naqshbandīya order. In 1894 the Sultan allocated him a piece of land in what is now the Turkish province of Yalova , five kilometers from the Sea of ​​Marmara . There al-Kikunī founded the village of Almalı, in which he settled with his relatives and students and 15 families from his village. One of his most important students was his nephew Sharaf ad-Dīn ibn ʿAbd ar-Rahmān al-Kikunī, who married his daughter Umm Kulthūm. Al-Kukinī gave him an ijāza, so that he himself was soon regarded as the sheikh of the brotherhood. Together, the two sheikhs called in letters to the Dagestani population to emigrate to the Ottoman Empire. Abū Muhammad al-Kikunī died in the year 1332 of the Hijra (= 1913/14 AD). In many texts his name is given the honorary title al-Hajj (i) , but no information is available about when he performed the Hajj .

Al-Kikunī wrote various works in Arabic and Avar on Shafiite law and Sufik , one of which he called Aiyuhā l-walad ("O son"). In 1905 an anthology was published in Petrovsk with the title Naǧm al-anām ("Star of the People"), which contained verses by him in the Avar language or Avar translation.

Role within the Naqshbandīya tradition

Abū Muhammad al-Kikunīs disciple and successor Sharaf ad-Dīn al-Kikunī (1875-1936) had numerous students, including ʿAbd Allāh ad-Daghistānī (1891-1973), who later emigrated to Syria and there the tradition of the order of Muhammad Nāzim ʿĀdil al-Qibrisī passed on. Al-Qibrisī later founded the extensive network of Naqschbandīya groups in the Eastern Mediterranean, Western Europe and the United States. In the so-called "Golden Chain", the Silsila of al-Qibrisī, Abū Muhammad al-Madanī al-Kikunī is 37th.

The village of Güneyköy and al-Kikunī's mausoleum

The village of Almalı, founded by Abū Muhammad al-Kikunī, was later named Reşadiye in honor of Mehmed V. Reşad . In 1921 it was occupied by Greek troops in connection with the Greco-Turkish War and partially destroyed. On this occasion, the rich library of the Kukinī sheikhs was also destroyed. Some books were saved and taken to Dagestan, such as a Koran manuscript from the 18th century, which is now in the library of the Naqshbandi Sheikh Muhajir-Pilgrimage Holiday Akayev in the village Durgeli the for Rajon of Karabudachkent belongs. Reşadiye was renamed Güneyköy in Republican times. Today there are 350 Avar, Archin , Andean and Dargin families living there , who are descendants of the Dagestani immigrants .

The Türbe of Abū Muhammad and Sharaf ad-Dīn al-Kikunī stands in the middle of a large, tree-covered cemetery on a hill above the village. The six meter high building is clad with marble slabs on the outside and inside. Inside are also the graves of other family members. The mausoleum, which was built between 1923 and 1924 and was given its current appearance during a restoration in the 1960s, is popular with women who seek cures for diseases or infertility there. Larger crowds there on Fridays and on Eid al-Fitr and Feast of Sacrifice , when the sanctuary is visited not only by the residents of the village, but also from dagestanischstämmigen Muslims from surrounding cities. In their circles it is also customary to perform a Ziyāra according to Güney-Köy after the Hajj .

literature

• Vladimir Bobrovnikov: Art. "Al-Kikuni" in Stanislav M. Prozorov (ed.): Islam na territorii byvšey Rossiskoy imperii. Enciklopedičeskij slovar . Vostočnaya Literatura, Moscow, 2006. Vol. I, pp. 194b-196a.
• Zaira Ibrahimova: "Muhammad-Hajji and Sharapuddin of Kikuni" in Moshe Gammer (ed.): Islam and Sufism in Daghestan . 2009, pp. 71-77.
• Michael Kemper and Amri R. Šixsaidov (eds.): The Islamic scholars of Daghestan and their Arabic works: Naḏīr ad-Durgilīs (d. 1935) Nuzhat al-aḏhān fī tarāǧim ʿulamāʾ Dāġistān, edited, translated and commented. Klaus Schwarz, Berlin, 2004. pp. 230-232. Digitized Arab. Part: pp. 150–152.
• Amirxan M. Magomeddadaev: "The Dagestan Diaspora in Turkey and Syria" in Anke von Kügelgen, Michael Kemper, Allen Frank: Muslim culture in Russia and Central Asia from the 18th to the early 20th centuries , Vol. 2: Inter-regional and inter-ethnic relations . Schwarz, Berlin, Schwarz 1998. pp. 281-298. P. 285.
• Philippe de Vos: La Genèse de la sagesse ou la chaîne initiatique chez les maîtres soufis . Editions Dervy, Paris, 1995. pp. 138-143.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ See de Vos: La Genèse de la sagesse . 1995, p. 140.
2. ↑ See Bobrovnikov: Art. "Al-Kikuni". 2006, Vol. I, p. 194b.
3. ↑ See de Vos: La Genèse de la sagesse . 1995, p. 142.
4. ↑ See Bobrovnikov: Art. "Al-Kikuni". 2006, Vol. I, p. 195a.
5. ↑ See Bobrovnikov: Art. "Al-Kikuni". 2006, Vol. I, p. 195a.
6. ↑ See de Vos: La Genèse de la sagesse . 1995, p. 138.
7. ↑ See Bobrovnikov: Art. "Al-Kikuni". 2006, Vol. I, p. 195.
8. ↑ See Bobrovnikov: Art. "Al-Kikuni". 2006, Vol. I, pp. 195f.