Abraham Petrovich Hannibal

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Abraham Petrovich Hannibal , Russian Абрам (Ибрагим) Петрович Ганнибал (* about 1696 in Logon Chewan in Eritrea or Logone-Birni, Cameroon , † May 14. . Jul / 25. May  1781 greg. In Suida at St. Petersburg ) was a son local African prince in “Logon” and Russian major general and governor of Reval , 1759 Commander-in-Chief (General-en-Chef) for sea forts and canal construction and godchild of Peter the Great . He was the maternal great-grandfather of the poet Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin .

Life

Tsar Peter I and Abraham Petrowitsch Hannibal, unknown copper engraving, around 1710

Among the pages of Tsar Peter the Great was a young, dark-skinned man named Abraham for a while (see Pushkin's novella The Czar's Moor ). Its origin is controversial. According to his own statements, he came from Logon and had been brought to the coast by Ottoman troops, from where he came to Constantinople . Since his son-in-law called him an Abyssinian , the region of Logon-Chewan in what is now Eritrea was identified as his region of origin . This also fits with his statement that he was the son of a prince, since this region had become the center of power for local princes at that time. However, there is more recent research that also names the city of Logone on Lake Chad , which was also the seat of princes, as a possible place of origin.

Abraham was bought by the envoy Count Tolstoy in Constantinople and was nine years old with Tsar Peter as godfather and Countess Katharina Opalińska , Queen of Poland, as godmother on July 13, 1705 in Vilnius as Peter Petrovich Petrow (Пётр Петрович Петров, literally translated: Peter, son Peter, Peter's son) was baptized, then entered the service of the Tsar and immediately charmed him with his friendliness and intelligence. He slept in the ruler's workshop and accompanied him on all of his campaigns.

Letter dated March 22, 1744 signed by Abraham Petrowitsch Hannibal: А. Ганибал (A. Ganibal) - Note: only one 'n'. City Archives in Tallinn.

When Abraham was twenty-two years old, he was sent to Paris to complete his education. He joined the French army, was promoted to lieutenant during the 1720 campaign against Spain and suffered a head injury. Abraham returned to Paris, entered engineering school, left with the rank of captain, and finally returned to Russia.

There he served as a lieutenant in the artillery regiment that Peter commanded. The Tsar appreciated the seriousness and devotion of this follower. After Tsar Peter's death, Hannibal fell victim to political intrigues and was exiled to Siberia in 1727 . Three years later he was able to return to the Russian court. Under the government of the Tsaresses Elizabeth I and Catherine II , he rose to become a large landowner. Hannibal died in his country house in Suida near St. Petersburg. He had served under eight tsars and tsaresses and under two Ottoman sultans ( Mustafa II and Ahmed III ).

family

Abraham Petrovich Hannibal was married twice. His first marriage was to the Greek Eudoxia Dioper . The marriage, which was divorced because of her infidelity, had a daughter. From his second marriage with the German - Swedish noblewoman Christina Regina von Sjöberg he had ten children.

His descendants include:

Portrait of the son Abraham Petrowitsch Hannibal, Iwan Abramowitsch Hannibal (1735–1801)

Movie

  • How Tsar Peter married his Moors , USSR 1976

literature

  • Robin Edmonds: Pushkin: The Man and His Age . Macmillan, London 1994. ISBN 0333592093
  • Paul Debreczeny: Alexander Pushkin: Complete Prose Fiction . Stanford University Press 1983. ISBN 0804711429
  • Dieudonné Gnammankou: Abraham Hanibal. L'Aieul noir de Pouchkine . Présence Africaine, Paris 1996. ISBN 2708706098
  • Hugh Barnes: Gannibal: the Moor of Petersburg . Profile Books, London 2005. ISBN 1861973659 (German edition: Der Mohr des Zaren - Eine Spurensuche . Knaus, Munich 2007. ISBN 9783813502060 )
  • Hugh Barnes: The Stolen Prince: Gannibal, Adopted Son of Peter the Great, Great-Grandfather of Alexander Pushkin, and Europe's First Black Intellectual . Ecco, New York 2006. ISBN 0066212650
  • Frances Somers Cocks: Abraham Hannibal and the Raiders of the Sands . Goldhawk Press, London 2003. ISBN 0954403401
  • Frances Somers Cocks: Abraham Hannibal and the Battle of the Throne . Goldhawk Press, London 2003. ISBN 9780954403416
  • Solomon Ghebre-Ghiorghis: The Eritrean Ancestry of Alexander Pushkin . University of Asmara Press, 2003.

Web links

Commons : Abraham Petrowitsch Hannibal  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Dieudonné Gnammankou: Abraham Hanibal - l'aïeul noir de Pouchkine , Paris 1996, pages 15-25.
  2. ↑ Dieudonné Gnammankou: Abraham Hanibal - l'aïeul noir de Pouchkine , Paris 1996, pages 183-184.
  3. ↑ Dieudonné Gnammankou: Abraham Hanibal - l'aïeul noir de Pouchkine , Paris 1996, pages 169-172.
  4. ^ Henri Troyat: Peter the Great ; Wilhelm Heyne Verlag Munich ISBN 3-453-55148-6
  5. ↑ Elin Galtung Lihaug: From Brandenburg to Scandinavia, the Baltics and Russia. A line of descent from Claus von Grabow to Alexander Sergejewitsch Pushkin 1581-1837 . Archive for Family History Research, 11, 32–46, 2007.
  6. ↑ Dieudonné Gnammankou: Abraham Hanibal - l'aïeul noir de Pouchkine , Paris 1996, page 185, fig. 24.
  7. ↑ How Tsar Peter married his Moor. In: Zelluloid.de. Archived from the original on September 29, 2007 ; accessed on August 12, 2018 .
personal data
SURNAME Hannibal, Abraham Petrovich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Hannibal, Ibrahim Petrovich; Ganibal, Ibrahim Petrovich; Hannibal, Abram Petrovich; Ганнибал, Ибрагим Петрович (Russian); Ганнибал, Абрам Петрович (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Prince of Eritrea and Russian Major General
DATE OF BIRTH around 1696
PLACE OF BIRTH Eritrea or Logone-Birni, Cameroon
DATE OF DEATH May 25, 1781
Place of death Suida near St. Petersburg