Abu'l Chair
Abu'l-Chair (also Abu'l Khair, * around 1412, † 1468 ) was a Khan of the Uzbeks , the founder of their state and belonged to the Scheibanid dynasty.
As early as the 14th century, the name "Uzbeks" was used to designate various Turkic-speaking tribes that were native to western Siberia and northeastern Kazakhstan and were subordinate to rulers from the Scheibanid family. The Uzbeks lived in an area on the Tura , between the southern Urals and the Tobol , southwest of the Irtysh and north of the Syrdarya .
In 1429, Abu'l Chair was elected Khan of the Uzbeks at a meeting, thus establishing the Uzbek Khanate . First conquered Abu'l Chair Khorezm and the city Gurgandsch .
After successful military campaigns against the Timurid and the conquest of the area by the middle and lower Syrdarya , including the city Signaq tried Abu'l-Chair to make the newly conquered territories to the core of a centralized State. Against this turned an opposition within the tribal confederation, the Kazakhs (renegades) were called.
In 1451 Abu'l-Chair supported the Timurid Khan Abu Sa'id in his attack on the equally Timurid ruler Abdallah ibn Ibrahim . Two armies marched on Samarqand and defeated Abdallah. Abu Sa'id brought his soldiers into the city and had the gates closed; Abu'l-Chair and the Uzbeks stood in front of it and they had no choice but to be satisfied with the gifts offered.
In 1456/57 Abu'l-Chair suffered a crushing defeat against the Oirats and the Syrdarya area was plundered and devastated.
Around 1467 the Sibir Khanate broke away from the overlord Abu'l-Chair under the Ibaq , who was also Scheibanid .
Abu'l-Chair was killed by the renegade Kazakhs in 1468 with much of his family. As a result, the Kazakhs founded their own khanate . Abu'l-Chair's sons Budaq and Baruj were then killed by the Chagatai , and the Abu'l-Chairs empire dissolved.
Budaq's son Mohammed Scheibani , the grandson of Abu'l-Chair , fled to Astrakhan , entered the service of the Chagatai-Khan Mahmud b. Yunus, reunited the scattered Uzbek tribes and conquered Bukhara and Samarkand from the descendants of Timur Leng in 1500.
See also
literature
- Marion Linska, Andrea Handl and Gabriele Rasuly-Paleczek: Introduction to the ethnology of Central Asia , script. Vienna, 2003, accessed on October 26, 2019.
- Jürgen Paul : Central Asia . Frankfurt am Main 2012 ( New Fischer World History , Volume 10).
Individual evidence
- ^ Jürgen Paul: Central Asia. 2012, p. 274
- ^ Jürgen Paul: Central Asia. 2012, p. 274
- ^ Jürgen Paul: Central Asia. 2012, p. 274
- ↑ Marion Linska, Andrea Handl and Gabriele Rasuly-Paleczek, p. 67
personal data | |
---|---|
SURNAME | Chair, Abu'l |
ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Abu'l Khair |
BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Uzbek Khan |
DATE OF BIRTH | 1412 |
DATE OF DEATH | 1468 |