Abu'l Chair

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Image from Abu'l-Chair, 1541

Abu'l-Chair (also Abu'l Khair, * around 1412, † 1468 ) was a Khan of the Uzbeks , the founder of their state and belonged to the Scheibanid dynasty.

As early as the 14th century, the name "Uzbeks" was used to designate various Turkic-speaking tribes that were native to western Siberia and northeastern Kazakhstan and were subordinate to rulers from the Scheibanid family. The Uzbeks lived in an area on the Tura , between the southern Urals and the Tobol , southwest of the Irtysh and north of the Syrdarya .

In 1429, Abu'l Chair was elected Khan of the Uzbeks at a meeting, thus establishing the Uzbek Khanate . First conquered Abu'l Chair Khorezm and the city Gurgandsch .

After successful military campaigns against the Timurid and the conquest of the area by the middle and lower Syrdarya , including the city Signaq tried Abu'l-Chair to make the newly conquered territories to the core of a centralized State. Against this turned an opposition within the tribal confederation, the Kazakhs (renegades) were called.

In 1451 Abu'l-Chair supported the Timurid Khan Abu Sa'id in his attack on the equally Timurid ruler Abdallah ibn Ibrahim . Two armies marched on Samarqand and defeated Abdallah. Abu Sa'id brought his soldiers into the city and had the gates closed; Abu'l-Chair and the Uzbeks stood in front of it and they had no choice but to be satisfied with the gifts offered.

In 1456/57 Abu'l-Chair suffered a crushing defeat against the Oirats and the Syrdarya area was plundered and devastated.

Around 1467 the Sibir Khanate broke away from the overlord Abu'l-Chair under the Ibaq , who was also Scheibanid .

Abu'l-Chair was killed by the renegade Kazakhs in 1468 with much of his family. As a result, the Kazakhs founded their own khanate . Abu'l-Chair's sons Budaq and Baruj were then killed by the Chagatai , and the Abu'l-Chairs empire dissolved.

Budaq's son Mohammed Scheibani , the grandson of Abu'l-Chair , fled to Astrakhan , entered the service of the Chagatai-Khan Mahmud b. Yunus, reunited the scattered Uzbek tribes and conquered Bukhara and Samarkand from the descendants of Timur Leng in 1500.

See also

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Jürgen Paul: Central Asia. 2012, p. 274
  2. ^ Jürgen Paul: Central Asia. 2012, p. 274
  3. ^ Jürgen Paul: Central Asia. 2012, p. 274
  4. ↑ Marion Linska, Andrea Handl and Gabriele Rasuly-Paleczek, p. 67
personal data
SURNAME Chair, Abu'l
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Abu'l Khair
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Uzbek Khan
DATE OF BIRTH 1412
DATE OF DEATH 1468