Acanthobasidium

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Acanthobasidium
Acanthobasidium delicatum the type species of the genus

Acanthobasidium delicatum the type species of the genus

Systematics
Subdivision : Agaricomycotina
Class : Agaricomycetes
Subclass : insecure position (incertae sedis)
Order : Russulales (Russulales)
Family : Layer mushroom relatives (Stereaceae)
Genre : Acanthobasidium
Scientific name
Acanthobasidium
Oberw.

Acanthobasidium is a genus of fungi within the family of the layer fungus relatives (Stereaceae). The mushrooms have very thin, flat, spreading fruit bodies, ornamented spores, a monomitic hyphae system and hyphae with buckles. Acanthobasidia are typical of the genus. The mushrooms usually grow on dead grass or dead, herbaceous plants and cause white rot . The type species of the genus is Acanthobasidium delicatum .

features

The membranous fruit bodies are resupinate and cover the substrate in an irregularly spread, wafer-thin (<1 mm thick) layer. The hymenophore is smooth and whitish to ocher in color. The hymenium contains gloeocystids and acanthocystids or acanthocystid-like cells. According to Oberwinkler, there are no sterile hymenium elements; he interprets the acanthocystid-like cells as basidiols , i.e. as immature precursors of the basidia . The hyphae system is monomitic and consists of thin-walled and hyaline , mostly easily recognizable hyphae that have buckles on almost all septa . The basidia arise laterally on more or less horizontally running hyphae. Such basidia are also called pleurobasidia . The basidia are often typically urn-shaped and narrowed in the middle. They more or less often have spiky outgrowths on their widened basal part and are therefore also called acanthobasidia . The amyloid basidiospores are decorated with warty to prickly ornamentation, but the ornament dissolves in KOH .

Ecology and diffusion

The saprotrophic fungi usually grow on dead grass or on dead, herbaceous parts of plants. Typical substrates are sour grasses such as rush blade, hanging sedge, as well as reeds, bamboo and dead branches of heather, heather, blackberries and porst . Acanthobasidium penicillatum, on the other hand, grows on dead branches of various conifers.

Although there is relatively little evidence, the mushrooms, with their small, nondescript fruiting bodies, are likely to be widespread. For A. delicatum , A. norvegicum and A. phragmitis there is only evidence from Europe, while A. penicillatum has so far only been detected in North America and Eastern Russia.

Systematics

Minimum Evolution family tree of Acanthobasidium . The family tree was created using the MEGA 5.10 program. All 28S ribosomal rDNA sequences are from GenBank . The bootstrap test was carried out with 1000 repetitions, usually only values ​​over 50 are given. All further information is given in the image description.

The genus was created in 1966 by F. Oberwinkler with the type species Aleurodiscus delicatus Wakef. described. Oberwinkler considered it necessary to separate the species from the aleurodiscus complex because it has a completely different basidia morphology (pleurobasidia with more or less lateral outgrowths).

Molecular biological investigations showed that the genus belongs to a main branch of the Aleurodiscus complex, which also includes the two branches Aleurodiscus sensu stricto (Aleurodiscus in the narrower sense) and a branch with Neoaleurodiscus and Aleurodiscus aurantius . The genus is therefore a sister taxon to Aleurodiscus sensu stricto. The three species A. norvegicum , A. phragmitis A. weirii form a clearly separated, monophyletic group within the aleurodiscus complex; the type species has not yet been investigated in molecular biology. The two closely related species A. phragmitis and A. norvegicus have distinct pleurobasidia, but also the basidiols of Al. weirii are strongly reminiscent of pleural basidia , according to Lemke. Therefore, both molecular data and morphological properties suggest that Aleurodiscus weirii also belongs to this genus. A. weirii (syn .: Acanthophysium weirii ) has not yet been placed in the genus by a valid new combination of the name. Since it differs morphologically and ecologically clearly from the three previously mentioned species, there are some arguments against this step.

Different characteristics within the group
A. delicatum, A. phragmitis, etc.
A. norvegicus 		Aleurodiscus weirii A. penicillatum
Fruit body thickness (mm) 0.04-0.1 0.2-1 0.1-0.4
Gloeocystid form club-like to spindle-shaped

(Schizopapille)

cylindrical, spindle-shaped, club-shaped, schizopapilla cylindrical, club-like, moniliform
Gloeocystiden (µm) 20-55 x 6-14 55-80 x 5-8 35-65 x 5-12
Hyphids Acanthohyphids and / or acanthobasidia Parahyphids, Dendrohyphids, Acanthohyphids Parahyphids, Dendrohyphids, Acanthohyphids
Basidia (µm) 20-45 x 8-15 30-45 x 5-7 55-90 (110) x 9-12
Spore shape ellipsoid to cylindrical almost spherical to ellipsoid almost spherical, ovoid, ellipsoid
Spores (µm) 9-15 x 6-8 5-6.5 (7) x 5-7 15-20 (25) × 13-19 (21)
Substrate Grasses, herbs Conifers Conifers

A. penicillatum is a little isolated in the rDNA gene tree between the Aleurodiscus sensu stricto branch and the Acanthobasidium branch. But since the species also has effus-resuspended fruiting bodies and the basidia often have to scattered lateral, thorn-like outgrowths, Wu et al. (2000) suggested that this species should also be included in the genus Acanthobasidium .

Etymology

The genus name "Acanthobasidium" is derived from the ancient Greek word acanthos (sting) and basidium and refers to the acanthobasidia typical of the genus.

species

Today four species are assigned to the genus worldwide.

swell

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Acanthobasidium. In: MycoBank.org. International Mycological Association, accessed February 19, 2013 .
  2. ^ A b Franz Oberwinkler: Revision of some form circles of basidia mushrooms with plastic basidia . In: Sydowia . Vol .: 19 (1-6), 1966, pp. 45 ( PDF on ZOBODAT ).
  3. ↑ a b Aphyllophoroid Russulales database. In: cbs.knaw.nl. Retrieved March 28, 2013 .
  4. ↑ Search Results for 'Acanthobasidium' - GBIF Portal. (No longer available online.) In: data.gbif.org. Archived from the original on July 17, 2014 ; accessed on March 27, 2013 .
  5. ↑ Sheng-Hua Wu, David S. Hibbett, Manfred Binder: Phylogenetic analyzes of Aleurodiscus s. l. and allied genera . In: The Mycological Society of America (Ed.): Mycologia . Vol :: 93 (4). Lawrence 2001, p. 720-731 (English, cybertruffle.org.uk/cyberliber ).
  6. ↑ Sheng-Hua Wu, Dong-Mei Wang, Shi-Yi Yu: Neoaleurodiscus fujii, a new genus and new species found at the timberline in Japan . In: The Mycological Society of America (Ed.): Mycologia . Vol .: 102 (1). Lawrence 2010, p. 217–223 (English, online [PDF]).
  7. ^ Index Fungorum - Search Page. In: indexfungorum.org. Retrieved March 27, 2013 .

Web links

Commons : Acanthobasidium  - collection of images, videos and audio files