Acetomicrobium

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Acetomicrobium
Systematics
Domain : Bacteria (bacteria)
Department : Bacteroidetes
Class : Bacteroidia
Order : Bacteroidales
Family : Bacteroidaceae
Genre : Acetomicrobium
Scientific name
Acetomicrobium
Soutschek 1985

Acetomicrobium is a genus of bacteria . It belongs to the department of Bacteroidetes . It is a thermophilic ("heat-loving") genus. It occurs in sewage sludge from wastewater treatment plants .

features

Appearance

They are pointed, straight sticks. The diameter of the cells is 0.6–0.8 µm, the length 2–7 µm. They usually appear in short chains or pairs. Filaments are not formed, which distinguishes them from the genus Acetofilamentum, which is also part of the Bacteroidaceae family . The Gram stain is negative. Endospores are not formed. The cells are highly mobile ( motile ).

Growth and metabolism

Acetomicrobium is strictly anaerobic , so it only grows in the absence of oxygen. The metabolism is based on fermentation . Furthermore, the metabolism is chemoorgano-heterotrophic . Acetomicrobium flavidum ferments glucose to acetate , carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and hydrogen (H 2 ). These products are formed in a molar ratio of 2: 2: 4 (based on 1 mol of glucose). The products of the fermentation of A. faecale are acetate, lactate , ethanol , CO 2 and H 2 using hexoses such as glucose. Glucose is broken down via the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas-Weg . If, on the other hand, pentoses are used as substrates , acetate, ethanol, CO 2 and only a little lactate are formed.

Optimal temperatures for growth are between 58 and 73 ° C, the species are thermophilic . Furthermore, growth takes place at pH values of 6.2 to 8.0. There is no cytochrome . Yeast extract must be included for cultivation in culture media .

Pathogenicity

Acetomicrobium flavidum and Acetomicrobium faecale are non-pathogenic (“pathogenic”) and are assigned to risk group 1 by the Biological Agents Ordinance in conjunction with the TRBA ( Technical Rules for Biological Agents) 466 .

Occurrence

The representatives of the genus Acetomicrobium are typically found in sewage sludge from wastewater treatment plants. When counted microscopically, Acetomicrobium flavidum made up about 25% of the bacteria present in sewage sludge.

Systematics

The genus Acetomicrobium is placed in the family Bacteroidaceae. It was first described by E. Soutschek in 1985. The following is a list of some (as of October 7, 2018) species:

The species Acetomicrobium faecale became Caldicoprobacter faecalis (Winter et al. 1987) Bouanane et al. Asked in 2015 .

etymology

The generic name Acetomicrobium is derived from the Latin word acetum for "vinegar" and the neo-Latin word microbium , which has its origin in the Greek words mikros ("small") and bios ("life"). It refers to the microorganism's ability to produce acetate (the anion of acetic acid).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Noel R. Krieg et al. (Ed.): Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology . 2nd edition, Volume 4: The Bacteroidetes, Spirochaetes, Tenericutes (Mollicutes), Acidobacteria, Fibrobacteres, Fusobacteria, Dictyoglomi, Gemmatimonadetes, Lentisphaerae, Verrucomicrobia, Chlamydiae, and Planctomycetes . Springer, New York 2011, ISBN 978-0-387-68572-4 , pp. 457-467.
  2. ↑ a b c E. Soutschek, J. Winter et al .: Acetomicrobium flavidum, gen. Nov., Sp. nov., a thermophilic, anaerobic bacterium from sewage sludge, forming acetate, CO2 and H2 from glucose. In: Systematic and Applied Microbiology , Vol. 5, No. 3, October 1984, pp. 377-390, doi : 10.1016 / S0723-2020 (84) 80039-9
  3. ↑ a b J. Winter, E. Braun, H.-P. Zabel: Acetomicrobium faecalis spec. nov., a strictly anaerobic bacterium from sewage sludge, producing ethanol from pentoses. In: Systematic and Applied Microbiology , Vol. 9, No. 1-2, February 1987, pp. 71-76, doi : 10.1016 / S0723-2020 (87) 80058-9 .
  4. ↑ TRBA (Technical Rules for Biological Agents) 466: Classification of prokaryotes (Bacteria and Archaea) into risk groups. In: Website of the Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA). April 25, 2012, p. 7 , accessed April 7, 2014 .
  5. ^ A b Jean P. Euzéby, Aidan C. Parte: Genus Acetomicrobium. In: List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature ( LPSN ). Retrieved October 7, 2018 .

literature

  • Noel R. Krieg et al. (Ed.): Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology . 2nd edition, Volume 4: The Bacteroidetes, Spirochaetes, Tenericutes (Mollicutes), Acidobacteria, Fibrobacteres, Fusobacteria, Dictyoglomi, Gemmatimonadetes, Lentisphaerae, Verrucomicrobia, Chlamydiae, and Planctomycetes . Springer, New York 2011, ISBN 978-0-387-95042-6 .

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