Field bellflower

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Field bellflower
Field Bellflower (Campanula rapunculoides)

Field Bellflower ( Campanula rapunculoides )

Systematics
Asterids
Euasterids II
Order : Astern-like (Asterales)
Family : Bellflower family (Campanulaceae)
Genre : Bluebells ( campanula )
Type : Field bellflower
Scientific name
Campanula rapunculoides
L.

The field bellflower ( Campanula rapunculoides ) is a plant from the genus of bellflowers ( Campanula ) in the family of the bell flower plants (Campanulaceae).

description

The field bellflower is a perennial, herbaceous plant, a hemicryptophyte . It often forms beet-like thickened roots , but always subterranean runners . The plants reach heights of 30 to 80 cm. On their bald or short, rough-haired, blunt-edged stems, the leaves stand upwards with ever shorter petioles , the uppermost are sessile. The basal leaves are absent during flowering, they are heart-shaped to triangular, notched to a point and stalked. The lower stem leaves are narrow, heart-shaped, stalked and over 2 cm wide. The upper stalk leaves are lanceolate, with short stalk to sessile. The leaves are green and short-haired on the underside.

inflorescence

The flowers stand individually in one-sided clusters. They are 2 to 3 cm long, have short stems and are strong blue-violet. The bracts differ significantly from the foliage leaves, are much smaller than these and only slightly rise above the flowers. The sepals are lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, with entire margins, up to 2.5 mm wide at the base and splaying out to be curved back. There are no appendages in the bays between the sepals. The crown is split almost to the middle, the crown tips are slightly ciliate, the crown is not crinkled at the base. Flowering time is June to September.

The fruits are nodding, hairy and open near the base with three pores (poricidal capsule fruit ).

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 68 or 102.

distribution

The field bellflower is native to Europe and western Siberia. It grows on the edge of sunny bushes, in sparse deciduous and pine forests, on the edges of forests and roads and fields, preferably in partially shaded, dry to fresh locations. It is a character species of the Geranion sanguinei association, but also occurs in societies of the Berberidion, Erico-Pinion or the order Quercetalia pubescentis, more rarely of the Caucalidion lappulae association. In the Allgäu Alps, it rises in the Tyrolean part near Madaun am Schneidbach above Köglen near Elbigenalp up to an altitude of 1,600 meters.

The plant is a so-called apophyte in Central Europe , as the species originally native to the forest switched to anthropogenic locations when forests were cleared by people in Central Europe about 7,000 years ago to make space for fields. These locations were more open than most natural ones and they were regularly disturbed and thus offered the field bluebell optimal living conditions.

Systematics

One can distinguish the following subspecies:

  • Campanula rapunculoides subsp. cordifolia (K.Koch) Damboldt : It occurs from northern and eastern Turkey to the Caucasus.
  • Campanula rapunculoides subsp. rapunculoides : It occurs from Europe to Iran and Siberia.

Common names

For the field bellflower, there are or existed, in some cases only regionally, the other German-language trivial names : Esswurzel ( Eifel near Bertrich ), Mausöhrle ( Memmingen ), Milchglöckel ( Silesia ) and Sauwurzel (Eifel near Altenahr ).

swell

  • Siegmund Seybold (Ed.): Schmeil-Fitschen interactive (CD-Rom), Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2001/2002, ISBN 3-494-01327-6 (features)

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 892-893 .
  2. ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 2, IHW, Eching 2004, ISBN 3-930167-61-1 , p. 553.
  3. ↑ Ingo Kowarik: Biological Invasions. Neophytes and Neozoa in Central Europe. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2003, ISBN 3-800-13924-3
  4. ↑ a b c Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Campanula - data sheet at World Checklist of Selected Plant Families of the Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Last accessed on April 5, 2016.
  5. ^ Georg August Pritzel , Carl Jessen : The German folk names of plants. New contribution to the German linguistic treasure. Philipp Cohen, Hannover 1882, page 75. ( online ).

Web links

Commons : Field Bellflower ( Campanula rapunculoides )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files