Field ox tongue

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Field ox tongue
Field ox tongue (Lycopsis arvensis)

Field ox tongue ( Lycopsis arvensis )

Systematics
Euasterids I
Family : Boraginaceae (Boraginaceae)
Subfamily : Boraginoideae
Tribe : Boragineae
Genre : Lycopsis
Type : Field ox tongue
Scientific name
Lycopsis arvensis
L.

The Anchusa arvensis ( Lycopsis arvensis ), also known as field-Krumm neck or Wolfsauge called, is a plant in the family of Borage Family (Boraginaceae).

description

Hairy stem and hairy upper stem leaf
Illustration from Otto Wilhelm Thomé: Flora of Germany Austria and Switzerland , Gera-Untermhaus, 1885
Detail of an inflorescence and flower
Flower with a kneeling corolla tube
Fruit cut open: the partial fruits are surrounded by a bulging ring at the base
Klausen

Vegetative characteristics

The field ox tongue is an annual herbaceous plant and reaches heights of 15 to 40 centimeters. A tap root is formed.

The leaves are arranged alternately. The densely bristly hairy leaf blades are 10 to 15 inches long and 1 to 2 inches wide. The wavy edge of the leaf is serrated. The upper stem leaves are sessile, the lower stem-like narrowed.

Generative characteristics

The flowering period extends from May to September. Numerous flowers stand together in composite pseudo-spike inflorescences . The hermaphroditic flowers are five-fold with a double flower envelope . The light blue flower crowns are about 7 millimeters in diameter and have a white, curved corolla tube . There are white scales on the throat that cover the stamens .

The fruits are arranged in upright fruit stands. The Klaus fruits disintegrate into four unequal and rough Klausen.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 48.

ecology

The pollination is done by bees or by self-pollination . The spread of the diaspores , it is the Klausen, is carried out by ants ( myrmecochory ) or by Velcro spreading ( epichory ), since the above-ground parts of the plant can stick to animal fur due to rigid bristle hairs.

Occurrence

The area of ​​distribution of the ox tongue extends over the whole of Europe, in the south of Spain, Italy and Greece to the north to Norway , Finland and Great Britain and in the east to the European part of Russia . The species is also found in Armenia.

The Anchusa arvensis grows on fields and wasteland and prefers to grow nitrogen-containing salt, lime and base poor soils . It occurs scattered in the lowlands and in sandy areas of the mountainous region. In Central Europe, the ox tongue is an archaeophyte . In Central Europe, Lycopsis arvensis is a character species of the Lycopsietum from the sub-association Polygono-Chenopodienion, but also occurs in societies of the Polygono-Chenopodion association or, more rarely, the Sisymbrion association.

Taxonomy

Lycopsis arvensis was first published in 1753 by Carl von Linné . Synonyms of Lycopsis arvensis L. are: Anchusa arvensis (L.) M.Bieb. , Anchusa arvensis subsp. occidentalis (Kusn.) Nordh. , Lycopsis arvensis subsp. occidentalis Kusn. , Anchusa guculeaci Sennen , Anchusa rigolei Sennen .

ingredients

The ox tongue may contain pyrrolizidine alkaloids , which cause cancer and are considered liver toxins . No poisoning is known.

Common names

For the field ox tongue, the names false dog tongue, crooked neck ( Silesia ), Liebäugelein (Silesia), wild ox tongue, sheep and wolf face are or were, sometimes only regionally, in use.

proof

literature

  • Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of plants in Germany. A botanical-ecological excursion companion to the most important species . 6th, completely revised edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2005, ISBN 3-494-01397-7 , p. 52-53 .
  • Dietmar Aichele, Marianne Golte-Bechtle: What is blooming there? 57th edition. Kosmos, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-440-10212-2 , pp. 344 .
  • Thomas Schauer, Claus Caspari: The FSVO plant guide for on the go . 2nd, revised edition. BLV, Munich 2008, ISBN 978-3-8354-0354-3 , p. 290 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g Dietmar Aichele, Marianne Golte-Bechtle: What is blooming there? 57th edition. Kosmos, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-440-10212-2 , pp. 344 .
  2. ↑ a b c d e Thomas Schauer, Claus Caspari: The FSVO plant guide for on the go . 2nd, revised edition. BLV, Munich 2008, ISBN 978-3-8354-0354-3 , p. 290 .
  3. ↑ a b c d e f Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of plants in Germany. A botanical-ecological excursion companion to the most important species . 6th, completely revised edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2005, ISBN 3-494-01397-7 , p. 52-53 .
  4. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 784-785 .
  5. ↑ a b Anchusa arvensis in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved July 19, 2020.
  6. ↑ Benito Valdés: Boraginaceae. : Lycopsis arvensis. In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Berlin 2011.
  7. ^ Georg August Pritzel , Carl Jessen : The German folk names of plants. New contribution to the German linguistic treasure. Philipp Cohen, Hannover 1882, p. 26 (online).

Web links

Commons : Acker-Ochsenzunge ( Lycopsis arvensis )  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files