Reed warbler
| Reed warbler | ||||||||||||
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Great Reed Warbler ( Acrocephalus arundinaceus ) |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Acrocephalus | ||||||||||||
| JA Naumann & JF Naumann , 1811 |
The reed warbler ( Acrocephalus ) are a genus of birds . Currently the genus is placed in a separate family Acrocephalidae together with other genera , traditionally it was assigned to the family of warblers (Sylviidae). The reed warbler are widespread in the Old World , the greatest biodiversity has the Palearctic . 44 species are currently recognized.
description
Reed warbler are slender songbirds with a narrow to flattened beak, which has few strong bristles at the base. The tail is usually graduated to strongly rounded and the signage on the tarsometatarsus remains visible even in adult birds.
The genus can be divided into two general color types. In one group, the top is largely monochrome brown or olive and the tail is also largely monochrome. B. pond warbler and marsh warbler. The second group is on the upper side on a beige or brownish background, similar to the swirls ( Locustella ), with strong dark stripes and speckles, unlike these, however, the top of the head is also markedly dark, an over-eye stripe is pronounced and the outer edges of the tail are white. To this group belongs in Central Europe z. B. the reed warbler. The genders do not differ externally.
distribution and habitat
The reed warbler are widespread in the Old World , the greatest biodiversity has the Palearctic . Eight species occur in Africa or on neighboring islands, the remaining species inhabit islands in the western Pacific and the Indian Ocean .
Most reed warblers inhabit the silting zones of waterways, only a few endemics of Pacific islands inhabit tropical forests as well as grassy habitats and shrubbery. The sympatric occurrence of the six Central European species is made possible by the largely species-specific choice of habitat. The reed warbler populates the highest vegetation in deep water and the reed warbler the lowest vegetation in shallow water, while pond, mariskin, swamp and reed warbler populate a gradient of decreasing vegetation height and increasing drought in this order with sometimes considerable overlap.
Reproduction
Most species are monogamous , exceptions among the Central European species are reed warbler ( polygyn ) and reed warbler (polygyn to promiscuous ). The nest is built in dense vegetation and, in most species, is anchored to stalks near the water. It is deeply cup-shaped. Depending on the species, the eggs are darkly spotted on a pale green background or have fine and dense olive-colored to rust-brown speckles. The naked nestlings have a yellow-orange throat with yellowish marginal ridges and two black spots on the base of the tongue.
species
37-38 species are currently recognized:
- Fanning reed warbler ( A. aequinoctialis )
- Reed warbler ( A. agricola )
- Great Reed Warbler ( A. arundinaceus )
- Tuamotu warbler ( A. atyphus )
- Australian reed warbler ( A. australis )
- Garden warbler ( A. baeticatus )
- Reed warbler ( A. bistrigiceps )
- Thorn warbler ( A. brevipennis )
- Long-billed warbler ( A. caffer )
- Bush warbler ( A. concinens )
- Reed warbler ( A. dumetorum )
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Hawaiian reed warbler ( A. familiaris )
- Laysan's reed warbler ( A. familiaris familiaris )
- Nihoa reed warbler ( A. familiaris kingi )
- Cape warbler ( A. gracilirostris )
- Basra warbler ( A. griseldis )
- Mangaia warbler ( A. kerearako )
- Moorea reed warbler ( A. longirostris ), is mostly considered a subspecies of the long-billed reed warbler ( A. caffer ).
- Reed warbler ( A. luscinia )
- Mariskensinger ( A. melanopogon )
- Marquesas reed warbler ( A. mendanae )
- Madagascar warbler ( A. newtoni )
- Chinese warbler ( A. orientalis )
- Great-billed warbler ( A. orinus )
- Sedge Warbler ( A. paludicola )
- Marsh warbler ( A. palustris )
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Nuku-Hiva reed warbler ( A. percernis ), was previously considered a subspecies of the Marquesas reed warbler ( A. medanae ).
- Eiao warbler ( A. p. Aquilonis )
- Nauru warbler ( A. rehsei )
- Rimatara reed warbler ( A. rimatarae )
- Rodrigues reed warbler ( A. rodericanus )
- Reed warbler ( A. rufescens )
- Reed Warbler ( A. schoenobaenus )
- Reed warbler ( A. scirpaceus )
- Seychelles reed warbler ( A. Sechellensis )
- Millet warbler ( A. sorghophilus )
- Stentorreed Warbler ( A. stentoreus )
- Caroline warbler ( A. syrinx )
- Henderson reed warbler ( A. taiti )
- Mandschurenrohrsänger ( A. tangorum )
- Pitcairn warbler ( A. vaughani )
literature
- Urs N. Glutz von Blotzheim , Kurt M. Bauer (ed.): Handbook of the birds of Central Europe. Volume 12 / I: Passeriformes. Part 3: Sylviidae. Two singers, silk singers, swirls, scoffers. With the participation of Jürgen Haffer. Aula, Wiesbaden 1991, ISBN 3-89104-021-0 , pp. 208-213.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Johann Andreas Naumann, Friedrich Naumann: Natural history of the land and water birds of northern Germany and neighboring countries. Addendum. 4th issue, Köthen 1811, p. 199
- ↑ a b c Frank Gill, David Donsker: Bushtits, leaf warblers & reed warblers. IOC World Bird Names, 2015 (version 5.2.)