Ada Kaleh
| Ada Kaleh | ||
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| Waters | Danube | |
| Geographical location | 44 ° 42 '58 " N , 22 ° 27' 20" E | |
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| length | 1.75 km | |
| width | 500 m | |
| surface | 80 ha | |
| Highest elevation | 59 m | |
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Ada Kaleh ( Ottoman آطه قلعه İA aṭa ḳalʿe , German for 'island fortress' ), at times also called Caroline Island and Neu-Orschowa, was an island in the Danube that was relocated from 1968 due to the construction of the Romanian-Yugoslav power station Iron Gate 1 and sank into the Danube in 1971 . It was level with the Romanian city of Orșova and the Serbian town of Tekija .
description
Ada Kaleh was a surviving Turkish exclave until 1912 . On the approximately 1.7 km long and 0.5 km wide island there was a fortress and a small village with a mosque, a bazaar, a small Orthodox chapel, several coffee houses, a governor's palace and several winding streets. The last 600 (according to other sources 1000) mostly Turkish residents lived mainly from fishing and the production of confectionery and tobacco products. In the 20th century a lively tourism developed. Ada Kaleh served the residents of the surrounding regions as a romantic excursion destination and, thanks to a tax exemption, as a popular shop for Turkish delicacies, jewelry and tobacco products. Ada Kaleh was also famous for his rose cultivation and the products made from it ( rose oil and perfume ).
Ada Kaleh's bazaar, 1968
Ada Kaleh 1968 with the minaret
Ada Kaleh 1968. You can see the post office with CEC Bank and the minaret in the background.
Ada Kaleh 1968
Postcard from around 1900
Ada Kaleh (late 19th century)
Postcard by Ada Kaleh from between 1890 and 1905. The residents' facilities are easy to see.
Ada Kaleh Fortress (1912)
Ada Kaleh's bazaar (1912)
Ada Kaleh recorded
Ada Kaleh on a Hungarian map from 1918
Remnants of the island in August 1970 (view from the south)
history
In the conflict between Austria and the Ottoman Empire, the island gained a certain strategic importance due to its exposed location. The Austrian army built a fortress there in 1689 as a bulwark against the Ottoman Empire and henceforth called the island Neu-Orschowa. In the following decades Ada Kaleh switched back and forth between Austria and the Turkish Empire several times, finally staying with the Ottomans after the Peace of Belgrade in 1739, only interrupted by an interim Austrian occupation from 1789 to 1791. The island became part of Austria in 1877 -Hungary occupied, but at the Berlin Congress it was forgotten to clarify its status, so that it remained under Austro-Hungarian administration in the following years and was finally annexed on May 12, 1913. After the collapse of the Habsburg monarchy , the islanders decided to join Romania in 1923. Most of the population remained Turkish . With the completion of the hydroelectric power station at the Iron Gate , Ada Kaleh was resettled and flooded in 1971. The attempt to save the island culture by resettling the population and relocating the most valuable buildings to the Romanian island of Șimian further downstream failed. The residents of Ada Kaleh preferred to move to other parts of Romania, e.g. B. to move to Dobruja or to emigrate to Turkey. Before Ada Kaleh was flooded, the island was leveled by deforestation and demolition of all remaining structures.
In the years before the flooding, tourism on the island developed more and more. Special arrangements were made for the visitors as the Romanian authorities feared that people might flee across the border into Yugoslavia . Upon arrival, everyone had to give their IDs to the border guards. In addition, foreigners were not allowed to spend the night on the island. The border location had an increasingly negative effect on the quality of life and freedom of movement of the islanders. After 8 p.m., they were not allowed to return to or leave the island from the mainland.
Quotes
In "Millennial Hungary and the Millennium Exhibition" from 1896 it says:
“A romantic remnant of the former Turkish rule on the lower Danube is this small Danube island, located on the Hungarian-Romanian-Serbian border, directly below Orsova, whose small, exclusively Turkish inhabitants are still subject to the Sultan, but the island's territory itself still exists on the basis of a resolution of the Berlin Congress until the final settlement of the political situation of the same, now still on an interim basis under the military suzerainty of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy. There is a fortress on the island, which in earlier times was considered impregnable, but has now been abandoned to decay. "
literature
- Philippe Henri bubbles: Mustafa Bego, Turkish nargileh smoker and Hungarian national hero. National appropriation and international marketing of the island of Ada-Kaleh. In: Spiegelungen , 2/2014
- Egon Erwin Kisch : On guard against the Serbs. Ada Kaleh and the war. In: My life for the newspaper 1906–1925. Journalistic texts I. (= collected works in separate editions 9). Berlin 1993, ISBN 3-351-02169-0 , pp. 191-194.
- Ranko Jakovljevic: Saan Ada Kaleh. Beograd 2012, ISBN 978-86-7540-152-0 . serbian romanian
See also
Web links
- Anton Zollner: Medieval castles of the Banat. Ada-Kaleh - the island fortress . banater-aktualitaet.de
Individual evidence
- ↑ Aida Ivan: A lost Turkish island in the middle of the Danube. Ada Kaleh traveling exhibition was opened in the capital . adz.ro
- ↑ Thomas Schmidinger: The forgotten "island of Islam". A hundred years ago, the Austro-Hungarian monarchy annexed the Ottoman Danube Island Ada Kaleh, which sank in 1971 in the floods of the Danube power station at the Iron Gate . In: Wiener Zeitung , 11./12. May 2013