Aglaia chittagonga
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Aglaia chittagonga is a species of the genus Aglaia in the mahogany family that is widespread over large parts of South and Southeast Asia. Aglaia chittagonga is a small to medium-sized tree whose leaves and bark are used in ethnomedicine and which is classified by the IUCN as endangered ( VU - Vulnerable )in its entire area of distribution.
description
Aglaia chittagonga is a small to medium-sized, evergreen tree that reaches seven to ten meters in height. The young parts of the plant, the sepals and the fruits of Aglaia chittagonga have a scaly surface. The pinnate leaves are 15 to 30 centimeters long and slightly wider than they are long. They have five to seven almost opposite narrow and pointed leaflets with a smooth surface and a length of 2.5 to 7.5 centimeters.
The lateral paniculate inflorescences are composed of racemose partial inflorescences and contain many flowers. They are much shorter than the leaves, about three to four millimeters long. The threefold flowers contain six stamens in male flowers . In the female flowers is a zweikammeriger ovary , it is obovate, with the pointed end of the base (obovoid).
The edible fruits have a length of about 2.5 with a diameter of about 1.5 centimeters. They have longitudinal grooves and are covered with orange-brown scales on the outside.
distribution
Aglaia chittagonga is found within its range in the lowlands on rivers near the banks. Only Chittagong was given as terra typica in the first description , although it is unclear whether the city or the province of Chittagong was meant. Since an altitude from 0 to 1000 feet was given, there seem to have been several sites, and the altitude indicates the province as the namesake, as the city is on the coast. The species has been recorded for other countries in South and Southeast Asia, such as Indochina , Thailand , Karnataka , the Philippines , Sumatra , Myanmar , the eastern Himalayas , southern China ( Hainan , Guangdong , Guangxi , Yunnan and Guizhou ) and Taiwan (only on the island of Lan Yu ).
Hazard and protection
About 100 species of the genus Aglaia are listed as endangered or critically endangered on the IUCN Red List. Aglaia chittagonga was already listed as globally endangered ( VU - Vulnerable ) in the IUCN list of threatened trees in 1998 , this classification is still valid. The destruction of suitable habitats was cited as the reason for the population decline. In Taiwan's Red List of Vascular Plants from the year Aglaia chittagonga is designated as vulnerable ( VU - Vulnerable ), which is the lowest risk category . The classification was justified with the small population size of less than 1000 individuals.
Systematics
With more than 120 species, the genus Aglaia is the most extensive genus of the mahogany family (Meliaceae). It is distributed from the Western Ghats in India to Samoa and from southern China to tropical Australia . It has its greatest biodiversity in Malesia . It is divided into four sections . The seeds of Aglaia sectio Aglaia are endochorically distributed in Southeast Asia by monkeys, especially orangutans , siamangs and gibbons . This section is also common in New Guinea, where the spreaders of the seeds are still unknown. The species of the sections Amoora , to which Aglaia chittagonga also belongs, and Neoaglaia are distributed by birds.
The genus Aglaia is characterized by only slight morphological differences between its species, which make it difficult to differentiate reliably in the herbarium . The development of molecular genetics has made a decisive contribution to the delimitation of the species and to the clarification of their family relationships in the last few decades. Nevertheless, it must be assumed that some of the species with a large range, such as Aglaia chittagonga , still contain one or more cryptic species .
Initial description
It was first described in 1868 as Amoora chittagonga by the German-Dutch botanist Friedrich Anton Wilhelm Miquel in the fourth year of the Annales Musei Botanici Lugduno-Batavi . The species name chittagonga refers to the city of Chittagong, in the vicinity of which the specimen described by Miquel was collected.
Synonyms
- Amoora chittagonga here
- Amoora tetrapetala ( Pierre ) Pellegr.
- Aglaia tetrapetala Pierre
- Aphanamixis chittagonga Miq.
Ethnic and complementary medicine
As with many other plants, the leaves and other parts of Aglaia chittagonga are used in ethnomedicine. A study on the cytotoxicity of extracts from the bark of Aglaia chittagonga and Aglaia rohituka showed that Aglaia chittagonga was toxic to cell lines from human breast cancer and pancreatic tumors .
Web links
- Aglaia chittagonga onthe IUCN Red List of Threatened Species .
- Aglaia chittagonga at Useful Tropical Plants.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c William Philip Hiern : Order XXXVII. Meliaceae . In: Joseph Dalton Hooker: The Flora of British India. Vol. 1. Ranunculaceae to Sapindaceae . L. Reeve & Co., London 1875, pp. 540-569, here pp. 559-560, digitized .
- ^ A b c Ching-en Chang: The Meliaceae of Taiwan: its taxonomy and floristic relationships . In: Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy 1988, Volume 18, No. 1, pp. 1-7, digitized .
- ^ A b c Sara Oldfield, Charlotte Lusty and Amy MacKinven: The World List of Threatened Trees . World Conservation Press, Cambridge 1998, ISBN 1-899628-10-X , p. 40, digitized .
- ↑ Alexandra N. Muellner and Caroline M. Pannell: Genetic diversity and distribution patterns of Aglaieae (Meliaceae) in Malesia . In: Flora Malesiana Bulletin 2008, Volume 14, No. 3, pp. 198-201, ZDB -ID 842243-6 .
- ↑ Aglaia chittagonga in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species .
- ^ Editorial Committee of the Red List of Taiwan Plants (ed.): The Red List of Vascular Plants of Taiwan, 2017 . Endemic Species Research Institute, Forestry Bureau, Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan and Taiwan Society of Plant Systematics, Taipei 2017, ISBN 978-986-05-5021-4 , pp. 34 and 89, digitized .
- ↑ Caroline M. Pannell and MJ Koziol: Ecological and phytochemical diversity of arillate seeds in Aglaia (Meliaceae): a study of vertebrate dispersal in tropical trees . Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 1987, Volume 316, No. 1178, pp. 303-333, doi: 10.1098 / rstb.1987.0029 .
- ↑ a b Caroline M. Pannell: Reproductive biology, morphological taxonomy, biogeography and molecular phylogeny of Aglaia Lour. (Meliaceae): the monographic approach to a large genus of tropical trees . In: Sibbaldia. The Journal of Botanic Garden Horticulture 2018, No. 16, pp. 87-97, digitized .
- ^ Friedrich Anton Wilhelm Miquel : Monographia Meliacearum Archipelagi Indici . In: Annales Musei Botanici Lugduno-Batavi 1868, Volume 4, No. 2, digitized version (first description, in Latin).
- ↑ M. Enamur Rashid and M. Atique Rahman: Updated nomenclature and taxonomic status of the plants of Bangladesh included in Hook. f., the Flora of British India: Volume-I . In: Bangladesh Journal of Plant Taxonomy 2011, Volume 18, No. 2, pp. 177–197, digitized .
- ↑ K. Haridasan and RR Rao: Forest Flora of Meghalaya, Vol. 1 . Bishen Singh and Mahendrapal Singh, Dehradun 1985.
- ↑ Leo L. Chan et al .: Cytotoxicity Effects of Amoora rohituka and chittagonga on Breast and Pancreatic Cancer Cells . In: Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2011, Article ID 860605, doi: 10.1155 / 2011/860605 .
- ↑ Rhapeepon Girdwichai: Phytochemical study of Aglaia chittagonga leaves . M.Sc. thesis, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 1999, ISBN 974-332-943-9 .