Ahhotep I.

Ahhotep I. in hieroglyphics
Ahhotep / Iahhotep (Iah hotep) Jˁḥ ḥtp Jah is satisfied The moon is satisfied
Ahhotep sarcophagus (headboard)

Ahhotep I (also Aahotep I, Iahhotep I ; * around 1575 BC; † around 1530 BC) was an ancient Egyptian queen in the 17th dynasty and probably the wife of the Seqenenre , who after the death of her presumed Father Senachtenre succeeded the throne.

family

Ahhotep I was probably the daughter of the Tetisheri and Senachtenre. In addition to Seqenenre, whom she probably married later, Ahhotep II and Kamose , among others, are known as other possible siblings .

She is probably identical to the mother of the "king's daughters" Ahmose Henutempet, Ahmose Nebetta and Ahmose Tumerisi, whose father was probably Seqenenre. Furthermore, she is perhaps identical to Ahhotep, who is considered the mother of the "(great) king's daughter" Ahmose and the "king's daughter" Ahmose-Scheri, who are clearly named as the daughters of Seqenenre. It could also be identical to Ahhotep III. who, together with Seqenenre, are considered the parents of the "eldest son of the king" Ahmose. It cannot be entirely ruled out that she was married to Kamose instead of Seqenenre.

With Seqenenre, Ahhotep I possibly had the daughter Ahmose-Nefertari and the son Ahmose I , who at the time of his succession to the throne around 1550 BC. Was about ten years old. Examinations of his mummy revealed that he died at the age of 35.

Ahhotep I as the "Egyptian Association"

In Egyptology , Ahhotep I is mostly considered to be the "Egyptian association who drove out the Hyksos ". After the death of Kamose, Ahhotep I took over the affairs of government for her underage son Ahmose I. On a memorial stone in the eighth pylon of the Karnak Temple , Ahmose I titled her as “the king's mother and king's daughter who gathered the dignitaries” and “mistress over the banks of the Hau-nebut ”. For these actions Ahhotep I received the honor gold from Ahmose I :

“Praise the mistress of the country, the princess of the shore lands of the Haunebet , with a respected name in every foreign country, who leads the people, the king's wife, king's sister, king's daughter and king's mother, the glorious; who knows the things that unite Egypt, it gathered its dignitaries, it protected it, it brought its refugees back, it reintegrated the opponents; she pacified Upper Egypt and drove out its rebels, Queen Ah-hotep, she live! "

- Ahmose's memorial stone (documents from Egyptian antiquity. German department: document IV, 21)

tomb

Grave goods of Ahhotep, in the middle the gold of honor

Ahhotep I. died between the 16th and 22nd year of the reign of Ahmose I. So far, two sarcophagi have been discovered that would be suitable for them, but a clear assignment is still disputed.

Dra Abu el-Naga

In 1859, Auguste Mariette's employees found a tomb and a gilded Rishi coffin with a mummy in Dra Abu el-Naga , which contained many objects with the name of Ahmose I and some objects with the name of Kamose. These included two model barges made of gold and silver, artfully decorated ceremonial axes , a dagger made of gold and electron , pearl bracelets made of gold and lapis lazuli , gold pendants, semi-precious stones , as well as the so-called “honor gold”, a pendant with three golden bow ties.

The site was not far from where the sarcophagus with the mummy of Kamose was found. The mummy was thrown away by the excavators as soon as it was discovered and is unfortunately lost today.

The coffin is traditionally assigned to Ahhotep I, but the assignment seems to be controversial. On the one hand, it is doubtful when assigning this find to Ahhotep I that the title " King Mother " is nowhere to be found. On the other hand, the sarcophagus belongs to the older Rishi coffin group (like the coffins of Seqenenre, Anjotef V. and Anjotef VI. ), But Ahmose I's mother only died between the ages of 16 and 22. In addition, only objects with the name of Kamose, but not Seqenenre, have been found.

Claude Vandersleyen assigns this coffin to Ahhotep II, the presumed wife of Kamose. He sees the found weapons as a sign of the times that would also fit in with Kamose's war activities.

Deir el-Bahari

Another coffin, named Ahhoteps, was found a few years later in the Deir el-Bahari cachette . This is a younger Rishi coffin type that fits into the group of coffins of Ahmose-Nefertari and Ahmose-Meritamun II . It contained the mummy of Pinudjem I and was traditionally assigned to Ahhotep II (as the wife of Amenhotep I ). On the coffin this Ahhotep is titled "(Great) King Mother", but Amenophis I already had Ahmose Meritamun II as wife and no other children of him are known. According to Vandersleyen, this coffin seems to belong to Ahhotep I.

See also

• Ahmosides

literature

• Michel Gitton : Les divines épouses de la 18th dynasty. In: Annales Littéraires de l'Université de Besançon. No. 306. Les Belles-Lettres, Paris 1984.
• Alfred Grimm, Sylvia Schoske: In the sign of the moon. Egypt at the beginning of the New Kingdom (=  writings from the Egyptian collection . Volume 7 ). State Collection of Egyptian Art, Munich 1999, ISBN 3-87490-691-4 .
• Gabriele Höber-Kamel : From the Hyksos to the New Kingdom. In: Kemet, issue 2 . Kemet-Verlag, Berlin 2003, ISSN  0943-5972 , pp. 21-23.
• Gay Robins : Ahhotpe I, II and III. In Göttingen Miscellen . (GM) No. 56, Göttingen 1982, ISSN  0344-385X , p. 71ff.
• Kim Ryholt : The Political Situation in Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period, c. 1800–1550 BC (= The Carsten Niebuhr Institute Publications. Vol. 20, ISSN  0902-5499 ). The Carsten Niebuhr Institute of Near Eastern Studies, Copenhagen 1997, ISBN 87-7289-421-0 , pp. 275-280.
• Wilfried Seipel : Ahhotep I. In: Wolfgang Helck (Hrsg.): Lexikon der Ägyptologie (LÄ). Volume I, Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 1975, ISBN 3-447-01670-1 , Sp. 98-99.
• Hermann A. Schlögl : Ancient Egypt . Beck, Munich 2008, ISBN 3-406-48005-5 .
• Claude Vandersleyen : Les deux Ahhotep. In: Studies on Ancient Egyptian Culture. (SAK) No. 8, Buske, Hamburg 1980, ISSN  0340-2215 , p. 237ff.

Web links

• Ahhotep on the memorial stone of Ahmose and the stele of Kares

Remarks

1. ↑ A. Grimm, S. Schoske: In the sign of the moon. Munich 1999, p. 42.
2. ↑ Original, mnfyt / mnf3t . Rainer Hannig translates the term as " infantry , foot troops , storm troops" and "elite troops", considering equating the "elite troops" with the "leadership of the army", but without considering this comparison as secure. According to Vandersleyen: Les querres d'Amosis , Bruxelles 1971, p. 177ff., But it can also be based on the determinative instead oftranslated as "elite of the people, dignitaries, officials". See Gabriele Höber-Kamel: From the Hyksos to the New Kingdom. In: Kemet, Heft 2, 2003 , p. 22.
3. ^ Areas conquered by Ahmose in the Levant .
4. ↑ The rebels could be the Princely House of Tetian and its followers. Gabriele Höber-Kamel: From the Hyksos to the New Kingdom . In: Kemet, Heft 2, 2003 , p. 22.
5. ↑ Contents also from Document IV, 21 at egyptologyforum.org
6. ↑ ^{a b} Gabriele Höber-Kamel: From the Hyksos to the New Kingdom . In: Kemet, Heft 2, 2003 , p. 22.
7. ↑ Egyptian Museum Cairo Inventory number: CG 28501; Length: 2.12 m
8. ↑ ^{a b} Wilfried Seipel: Lexicon of Egyptology I.
9. ^ ^{A b} Claude Vandersleyen, SAK 8 , 1980, ISSN  0340-2215 , p. 237ff.
10. ↑ Gabriele Höber-Kamel: From the Hyksos to the New Kingdom . In: Kemet, Heft 2, 2003 , p. 23.
11. ↑ Egyptian Museum Cairo Inventory number: CG 61006
12. ↑ In which the coffin of Seqenenre was found.