Akebia

Akebia
	Finger-leaved Akebia ( Akebia quinata )
Systematics
Subdivision :	Seed plants (Spermatophytina)
Class :	Bedecktsamer (Magnoliopsida)
	Eudicotyledons
Order :	Buttercups (Ranunculales)
Family :	Finger fruit family (Lardizabalaceae)
Genre :	Akebia
Scientific name
	Akebia
	Decne.

Akebia to German also Akebie transferred, or from English Blaugurkenrebe (mistranslated sets: Blue cucumber wine), is a plant genus in the family of lardizabalaceae (Lardizabalaceae). The fiveor so species thrive in temperate areas in mountain forests in East Asia (China, Korea and Japan).

description

Illustration of the finger-leaved Akebia ( Akebia quinata )

Vegetative characteristics

Akebia species are woody, deciduous or semi-evergreen climbing plants ( lianas ). The several meters long stem axes are winding.

The long-stemmed leaves are arranged alternately or in tufts. They are composed in the shape of a hand or feathered. The stalked leaflets have entire margins to slightly cupped or roughly serrated.

Generative characteristics

Akebia species are single sexed ( monoecious ). They are often protogynous , i.e. female. The mostly racemose inflorescences are axillary with bracts . The larger female flowers appear singly or in pairs at the base of the mixed inflorescences. The functionally unisexual and threefold, reddish-purple to greenish-white flowers have a simple flower envelope , the petals are missing. There are 3–6 sepals available. The stamens with short stamens and large anthers or the staminodes are free. The uppermost, up to 9 (12) punches or the pestle are free. There are no nectaries.

Many-seeded follicles are formed. Some of the seeds have a small aril .

Akebia longeracemosa leaves and inflorescences

Akebia trifoliata leaves with the three petiolate leaves that give it its name

Akebia × pentaphylla foliage with the eponymous five stalked pinnate leaves

Systematics and distribution

The genus Akebia was established in 1837 by Joseph Decaisne in Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences , 5, page 394. Lectotype species is Akebia quinata (Houtt.) Decne. A synonym for Akebia Decne. is Archakebia C.Y.Wu, TCChen & HNQin .

In the genus Akebia there have been about five species and one nature hybrid since 2012 :

Akebia apetala (Quan Xia, JZSun & ZXPeng) Christenh. (Syn .: Holboellia apetala Quan Xia, JZSun & ZXPeng , Archakebia apetala (Quan Xia, JZSun & ZXPeng) CYWu, TCChen & HNQin ): This new combination took place 2012. It comes in the Chinese provinces of northern Sichuan , southwestern Shaanxi and southern Gansu before .

Akebia longeracemosa Matsumura : It occurs in Taiwan and in the Chinese provinces of Fujian , Guangdong and Hunan .

Akebia longisepala (HNQin) Christenh. (Syn .: Akebia trifoliata subsp. Longisepala H.N.Qin ): It received the rank of a genus in 2012. It only occurs in southeastern Gansu .

Finger-leaved Akebia ( Akebia quinata (Houtt.) Decne. , Syn .: Akebia micrantha Nakai ): Subtaxa are no longer recognized. It occurs in China, Korea and Japan . She is a neophyte in many countries .
Cloverleaf Akebie ( Akebia trifoliata (Thunb.) Koidz. , Syn .: Akebia chaffanjonii H.Lév. , Akebia chingshuiensis T.Shimizu , Akebia clematifolia Siebold & Zucc. , Akebia lobata Decne. , Akebia quercifolia Siebold & Zucc. , Akebia sempervirens Nakai , Akebia trifoliata subsp. australis (Diels) T.Shimizu , Akebia trifoliata var. australis (Diels) Rehder , Akebia trifoliata var. clematifolia (Siebold & Zucc.) Nakai , Akebia trifoliata var. honanensis T.Shimizu , Akebia trifoliata var. integrifolia T.Shimizu , Akebia trifoliata var. Litoralis Konta & Katsuy. ): Subtaxa are no longer recognized. It occurs in China, Taiwan and Japan.
Akebia × pentaphylla Makino ( Akebia trifoliata × Akebia quinata ): It occurs in Japan.

use

In the temperate areas they are used as easy-care ornamental plants for greening facades due to their long adherence to leaves and their rapid growth after 2 to 3 years . As creepers, they need a climbing aid.

Finger-leaved and clover-leaved acebia are also known in the trade as finger-leaved climbing cucumber and, because of their scent, as chocolate wine. They prefer to grow in warm, sheltered, sunny to partially shaded places. You need nutrient-rich, well-drained soil and enough moisture. They reach heights of growth of 5 to 10 meters. The leaves remain hanging into winter, and in the particularly mild climate in Central Europe the leaves can remain all year round. The flowers are less noticeable. Fruits are only produced in warm climates.

The 5 to 10 centimeters long, pink to purple colored and rather bizarre looking fruits of Akebia quinata offer seeds with edible gelatinous seed coats (similar to Passiflora ) with a sweet taste after opening . They are eaten raw in Asia. The leaves can be used as a tea and the bark is considered a remedy .

literature

Li Li, Xiaohong Yao, Caihong Zhong et al .: Akebia: A Potential New Fruit Crop in China. In: HortScience. 45 (1), 2010, doi: 10.21273 / HORTSCI.45.1.4 .
Dezhao Chen, Tatemi Shimizu: Lardizabalaceae. Akebia , pp. 440-441 - online with the same text as the printed work , In: Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (eds.): Flora of China. Volume 6: Caryophyllaceae through Lardizabalaceae. Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis 2001, ISBN 1-930723-05-9 . (Sections Description, Systematics and Distribution).
MJM Christenhusz: An overview of Lardizabalaceae. In: Curtis's Botanical Magazine. Volume 29, 2012, pp. 235-276.

Web links

Commons : Akebia - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

^ EJH Corner: The Seeds of Dicotyledons. Vol. 1, 1976, Cambridge Univ. Press, ISBN 0-521-20688-X , p. 156 f.
^ Akebia at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed September 13, 2018.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Akebia. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved September 13, 2018.
↑ Thomas Pecher: Climbing Plants for Facade Greening. Species spectrum, climbing aids, tips, mistakes , nature & garden, issue of April 2008, pages 17ff. In: Naturgarten.org; Accessed April 2020
↑ Akebie , In: Fassadengruen.de; Accessed April 2020
↑ Helmut Pirc: Wild fruit and rare types of fruit in the home garden . Stocker , Graz / Stuttgart 2009, ISBN 978-3-7020-1212-0 , pp. 135 .
↑ ^a ^b Akebia quinata at Plants For A Future . Retrieved September 13, 2018.

Map with all linked sites: OSM | WikiMap

[1] EJH Corner: The Seeds of Dicotyledons. Vol. 1, 1976, Cambridge Univ. Press, ISBN 0-521-20688-X , p. 156 f.

[Tropicos-2] Akebia at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed September 13, 2018.

[WCSP-3] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Akebia. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved September 13, 2018.

[Pecher-4] Thomas Pecher: Climbing Plants for Facade Greening. Species spectrum, climbing aids, tips, mistakes , nature & garden, issue of April 2008, pages 17ff. In: Naturgarten.org; Accessed April 2020

[5] Akebie , In: Fassadengruen.de; Accessed April 2020

[Pirc2009-6] Helmut Pirc: Wild fruit and rare types of fruit in the home garden . Stocker , Graz / Stuttgart 2009, ISBN 978-3-7020-1212-0 , pp. 135 .

[PFAF-7] Akebia quinata at Plants For A Future . Retrieved September 13, 2018.