Ala II Hispanorum Aravacorum
The Ala II Hispanorum Aravacorum ( German 2. Ala der Hispanier der Aravacer ) was a Roman auxiliary unit . It is evidenced by military diplomas and inscriptions. In the diplomas it is also referred to as Ala II Aravacorum and Ala II Hispanorum et Aravacorum , while only Aravacorum is used in the inscriptions . In all the name variants, the form Arvacorum occurs instead of Aravacorum .
Name components
- Ala : The Ala was a cavalry unit of the auxiliary troops in the Roman army .
- II : The Roman number stands for the ordinal number, the second ( Latin secunda ). Hence the name of this military unit is pronounced as Ala secunda ...
- Hispanorum (et) Aravacorum : the Hispanic (and) the Aravacer . The soldiers of the Ala were recruited from the various Hispanic tribes and in particular from the Aravacer people in the Roman province of Hispania Tarraconensis when the unit was established .
Since there is no reference to the addition of milliaria (1000 men) to the name , the unit was an Ala quingenaria . The nominal strength of the Ala was 480 men, consisting of 16 towers with 30 riders each.
history
The Ala was stationed in the provinces of Illyricum , Pannonia, and Moesia inferior (in that order). It is listed on military diplomas for the years AD 61 to 159/160.
The time at which the unit was set up is uncertain; possibly this already took place under Augustus , but at the latest under Tiberius (14–37). Presumably the Ala was initially stationed in Hispania. At an unspecified time, the unit was relocated to the province of Illyricum . The first evidence of unity in Illyricum is based on a diploma dated 61. In the diploma, the Ala is listed as part of the troops stationed in the province.
Between 61 and 80 the unit was relocated to Pannonia . The first evidence of unity in Pannonia is based on two diplomas dated 80. The diplomas list the Ala as part of the troops (see Roman Forces in Pannonia ) that were stationed in the province. Other diplomas, dated 84 to 85, prove unity in the same province. The Ala probably took part in the Dacer wars of Domitian (81–96).
At an unspecified point in time, the unit was moved to Moesia inferior , where it is first documented by a diploma dated 97. In the diploma, the Ala is listed as part of the troops (see Roman Armed Forces in Moesia ) that were stationed in the province. Other diplomas, dated from 99 to 159/160, prove unity in the same province. The Ala probably took part in the Dacian wars of Trajan (98-117).
The diploma of 152/153 shows that a vexillation of the Ala was temporarily moved to Mauretania Tingitana to take part in the suppression of an uprising.
The last evidence of the Ala is based on an inscription dated 201/305.
Locations
Locations of the Ala in Pannonia may have been:
- Mursa ( Osijek ): an inscription was found here.
- Teutoburgium ( Erdut ): two inscriptions were found here.
Locations of the Ala in Moesia may have been:
- Carsium ( Hârșova ): four inscriptions have been found here.
Members of the Ala
The following members of the Ala are known:
Commanders
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Others
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See also
Web links
literature
- Margaret M. Roxan : The Auxilia of the Roman Army raised in the Iberian Peninsula. Dissertation, 1973 Volume 1 ( PDF ) Volume 2 ( PDF )
- John EH Spaul : Ala². The Auxiliary Cavalry Units of the Pre-Diocletianic Imperial Roman Army. Nectoreca Press, Andover 1994, ISBN 0-9525062-0-3 .
Remarks
- ↑ According to Werner Eck , Andreas Pangerl, Paul Holder the Ala, like other units, probably came to the province of Mauretania Caesariensis as early as 150/151 and only then to Mauretania Tingitana . The diploma of 152/153 lists four of the five alae who were stationed in Moesia inferior at that time . It can therefore be assumed that only part of an ala, a vexillation, was relocated at a time, as a complete relocation of the four units would have weakened the troops in Moesia inferior too much.
- ↑ John EH Spaul, Florian Matei-Popescu and Margaret M. Roxan assign Cotus to Ala II Hispanorum Aravacorum . The reading of the EDCS is Ala I Aravacorum .
- ↑ John EH Spaul and Margaret M. Roxan assign Sveltrius to the Ala II Hispanorum Aravacorum . The reading of the EDCS is Ala I Aravacorum .
- ↑ According to Florian Matei-Popescu, Demetrius was either singularis consularis or summus curator . The reading of the EDCS is s (ingularis) c (onsularis) .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Military diplomas of the years 61 ( RMD 4, 202 ), 80 ( CIL 16, 26 , RMD 3, 138 ), 84 ( CIL 16, 30 ), 85 ( CIL 16, 31 ), 97 ( RMD 5, 338 ), 99 ( CIL 16, 44 ), 105 ( AE 2004, 1256 , RMM 11 ), 111 ( RMD 4, 222 ), 116 ( AE 2006, 1863 ), 120 ( AE 2009, 1808 ), 121 ( AE 2008, 1722 ), 127 ( RMD 4, 241 , ZPE-165-232 ), 136 ( ZPE-198-218 ), 138 ( CIL 16, 83 , RMD 4, 253 ), 145 ( RMD 3, 165 ), 146 ( RMD 4, 270 ), 152/153 ( ZPE-199-187 ), 157 ( RMD 1, 50 ) and 159/160 ( ZPE-192-296 ).
- ↑ a b John EH Spaul , Ala², pp. 34-36.
- ^ Jörg Scheuerbrandt : Exercitus. Tasks, organization and command structure of Roman armies during the imperial era. Dissertation, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg im Breisgau 2003/2004, p. 161, 166 tables 5, 9 ( PDF ).
- ↑ a b c d Florian Matei-Popescu: The Roman Army in Moesia Inferior , Conphys Publishing House, Bucharest, 2010, ISBN 978-973-750-177-6 , pp. 188-190 ( online ).
- ^ A b c Margaret M. Roxan , The Auxilia, pp. 93-100, 616-619.
- ↑ Werner Eck , Andreas Pangerl, Paul Holder : A constitution from the year 152 or 153 for troops from Lower Saxony and Britain, delegated to Mauretania Tingitana In: Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik , Volume 199 (2016), pp. 187-201, here p 191: 194-196 ( online ).
- ↑ Inscription ( CIL 3, 7603 ).
- ↑ Inscription from Mursa ( CIL 3, 3286 ).
- ↑ Inscriptions from Teutoburgium ( CIL 3, 3271 , CIL 3, 3273 ).
- ↑ inscriptions from Carsium ( AE 1960, 333 , AE 1980, 814 , AE 1980, 815 , CIL 3, 7603 ).
- ^ Ovidiu Țentea, Florian Matei-Popescu: Alae et Cohortes Daciae et Moesiae. A review and update of J. Spaul's Ala and Cohors In: Acta Musei Napocensis 39-40 / I Cluj-Napoca, 2002-2003 (2004), pp. 259-296, here pp. 268-269 ( online ).