Albrecht of Rapperswil

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Codex Manesse , page 192v : Albrecht von Rapperswil in the tournament
Songs by Albrechts von Rapperswil in Codex Manesse , page 193r

Albrecht von Rapperswil (also Albrecht von Raprechtswil ) was a Swiss minstrel to whom three songs are ascribed in the Codex Manesse . As Ministerialer of the Counts of Rapperswil, he probably held the office of Marshal in the late 13th or early 14th century .

Life

Albrecht, presumably a ministerial officer of the Counts of Rapperswil , held an inheritance and court office with the marshal's office : the marshal, initially essentially the stable master , who supervised the horses ( stables ) and thus the mounted entourage, got with the advent the army of knights in the event of war the supreme command of the leadership of the knighthood and estates . In addition, the marshal was also responsible for the overall supervision of the entire Hofwesen responsibility and the duties and obligations took the steward , butler and master chef.

The names of the marshals in the service of the Counts of Rapperswil have not been passed down, and the historical assignment is controversial. Persons with whom Albrecht von Rapperswil could be identified are recorded in the years 1271/76 and 1282 or 1272, 1276, 1321 and 1336. Karl Bartsch assumed that Albrecht probably did not come from the 14th century, “because in the Paris book [manuscript], which only contains his songs, he is, along with the poets around him, who are also from Switzerland and certainly the 14th century. Century, added later. Its language and its verse also reveal a decidedly more recent time. "

Whether Albrecht von Rapperswil was a close relative of Count Johann I von Habsburg-Laufenburg (* before 1295/6 - † 1337) and his son Johann II is not certain, but it is possible. Several members of the Count House of Rapperswil are documented in the early 14th century as a minstrel: Songs of Wernher von Homberg , the son of Countess Elisabeth of Rapperswil (* 1251/61 - † 1309) from his first marriage, are also in the Manesse Codex find ( folio 43v ). From Elisabeth's grandson Johann II (* 1330 - † 1380) the Minnelied "Blümli blawe" has been handed down, which Johann Wolfgang Goethe inspired to the ballad "Das Blümlein Wunderschön: Lied des Captured Count" .

plant

In the Codex Manesse , Albrecht von Rapperswil is assigned three songs as Albrecht Marschall von Rapperswil ( folio 192v ).

The author's picture shows three ladies-in-waiting and two musicians wearing different headdresses in the upper third. The fighting knights are protected with chain mail , greaves and pot helmets . The two people depicted in small letters are the knights' squires (Kriiere). They helped the knights during the tournaments, but seem to be fighting among themselves here. The unrealistic proportions of the persons depicted represent their different social rank. The coat of arms of the Rapperswilers, in whose service Albrecht was shown, is shown three times; the lion on the saddle rest indicates that Rapperswil was Habsburg when the miniature was created (painter N1) in the Codex Manesse .

A classification of Albrecht's three songs in the last quarter of the 13th century is possible for reasons of content and form. The first two songs ascribed to him are repetitive bars ; Song 2 is a modification of the first song, which works with (not sustained) internal rhymes , song 3 is a four-part canzone . Albrecht's songs are in three verses , begin with a description of nature and then deal with the usual themes of minnesong, women's price and request for the fulfillment of minne by women; the suffering from love is largely left out. Stylistic models with regard to language formulas and images are Ulrich von Lichtenstein , Gottfried von Neifen , Ulrich von Winterstetten and Konrad von Würzburg . The picture used in the first song of the lover interpreting the star eyes of his beloved is unusual. Bartsch judged Albrecht's songs: "His three Minnelieder do not rise above the usual level" .

See also

literature

  • Julika Zimmermann: The medieval scribe. Approaches to research into the writing process . Advanced seminar work, University of Cologne. 2002
  • Friedrich Heinrich von der Hagen : Minnesinger: German song poet of the XII. to XIVth century . Berlin 1861

Web links

Commons : Albrecht von Rapperswil  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Commons : Codex Manesse  - album with pictures, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Albrecht von Rapperswil  - Sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ^ The document from 1282 was issued by Elisabeth von Rapperswil ; Albrecht's subsequent entry in Codex Manesse , however, was made by the supplementary scribe Fs , who mostly (but not exclusively) recorded works by poets of the early 14th century.
  2. ↑ a b c d Wolfgang Stammler, Karl Langosch et al. : Author's Lexicon - The German Literature of the Middle Ages . P. 199/200. Walter de Gruyter, 1978, ISBN 3110072645
  3. ^ Heidelberg University Library : Complete digital facsimile of the Codex Manesse
  4. ↑ The Paris manuscript probably means the French "roinans de la poire (Pariser hf. AF n. 7995 and SF n. 3 (9)" , mentioned in "Fastnachtspiele from the fifteenth century" by Nicolaus Mercatoris , Hans Rosenplüt and Hans Folz . German-language edition of Carnival plays , published by Harvard University , 1853.
  5. ^ A b Karl Bartsch:  Albrecht von Raprechtswil . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 1, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1875, p. 320.
  6. ↑ «I know a flower beautiful;
    And bear desire for it;
    I would like to go looking for it;
    I'm trapped alone
    The pains are not small to me;
    Because when I went in freedom,
    I had it close by;

    From this castle, steep all around;
    I let my eyes wander
    And I can do it from the high tower floor;
    Do not grasp with looks;
    And who brings it before my eyes;
    It would be a knight or a servant, he
    should remain my dear friend. "
  7. ^ Albert L. Lloyd, Otto Springer, Karen K. Purdy: Etymological Dictionary of Old High German . 1988, ISBN 3-525-20768-9 .
  8. ^ Edith H. Phillips: The great Heidelberg song manuscript .
  9. ↑ The three well-known Minnelieder in the original Middle High German text: Website Middle High German Dictionary: Albrecht, Marschall von Raprechtswil , Codex Manesse 148-151.
personal data
SURNAME Albrecht of Rapperswil
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Albrecht von Raprechtswil
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Minstrel, Marshal, Swiss Ministerial
DATE OF BIRTH 13th century or 14th century
DATE OF DEATH 13th century or 14th century