Werner von Homberg
Count Werner II of Homberg or Hohenberg (* 1284 ; † March 21, 1320 near Genoa ) was a Swiss minstrel , knight and war captain in the service of the German emperors .
Short biography
Werner II von Homberg belonged to the family of the Counts of Frohburg not far from Olten . His parents were Count Ludwig I von Homberg (adult from 1268; † 1289) from the line Frohburg-Homberg and Elisabeth von Rapperswil .
From 1314 he was part of the entourage King Frederick of beauty and married in 1315 Maria von Oettingen († 10 June 1369), the widow of his stepfather Rudolf von Habsburg-Laufenburg.
Between 1317 and 1320 donated Werner Homberg Our Lady Chapel of the Monastery Oetenbach where his sister Cecilia to Prioress had been appointed.
In imperial service
Werner's mother, Elisabeth von Rapperswil , who after the death of her husband Ludwig von Homberg in her second marriage to Rudolf III. von Habsburg-Laufenburg married, shared the property of the Rapperswil rulership that had fallen to them between their children. Werner received possessions in today's Canton of Schwyz, including the March and the Wägital . King Albrecht I tried to dispute this possession of Werner around 1302. Albrecht and his sons forced the abbots of Reichenau , Einsiedeln , St. Gallen and Pfäfers , of whom Werner had numerous fiefs in the March, to terminate them. However, this attempt failed because these were inherited and consequently could not be canceled. The relationship between Albrecht I and Werner has remained divided ever since, despite their relatives. As a result, Werner leaned against the Schwyzer in order to conclude a mutual protective alliance with them for ten years in 1302. In 1303 Werner was fed up with the quarrels with Albrecht and his sons and sold his hereditary county of Homburg, his castle and the town of Liestal to the Bishop of Basel.
In 1304 Homberg took part in the procession of the Teutonic Knights to Lithuania . In 1309 he became bailiff of the Waldstätte . A source mentions that Henry VII appointed the count as imperial bailiff, and that he “was not a farmer, a clear violation of the judge's article. However, this violation was considerably mitigated by the Homberger's anti- Habsburg position ... »
At the end of June 1309, the “Founders of the Eternal Covenant from 1291, Landammann Konrad ab Iberg, Rudolf St. and Konrad Hunn von Schwyz, Landammann Wernher von Attinghusen and Knight Arnold the Meier von Silenen von Uri met with the most respected Unterwaldners to punch around the imperial bailiff Count Wernher von Homberg on a kind of diary , both to settle a border dispute between Uri and Engelberg Abbey , and to advise on the measures that the new situation of the countries required in view of the hostility of the Austrian environment ... »
In consensus with the Pope, Henry VII crossed the Alps via Mont Cenis to Italy in October 1310 with an army of 5,000 men . Werner von Homberg accompanied Henry VII until 1313 in the so-called Italian procession to gain imperial dignity and became lieutenant general of Lombardy .
Count Werner von Homberg was granted customs rights in Flüelen by the German Emperor in 1313 . The Einsiedeln monastery archive mentions him in the abbots' book of professions, for the transfer of the bailiwick rights over Pfäffikon and the castvogtei over the Einsiedeln monastery to the county of Rapperswil :
- «… The bailiwick of Pfäffikon etc. was given by Abbot Johannes in 1296 to Countess Elisabeth von Rapperswil, who married Rudolf III for the second time. von Habsburg-Laufenburg had married. But her son from her first marriage, Wernher von Homberg, received part of it; Habsburg Austria also pledged the bailiwick of Einsiedeln to this in 1319; later all fiefdoms were contractually transferred to Habsburg-Laufenburg ... »
In 1320 Werner von Homberg died on a mercenary train during the siege of Genoa .
Codex Manesse
Werner von Homberg is mentioned in the Codex Manesse ( folio 43v ): "Probably the historically most important minstrel in Switzerland, Count Werner von Homberg or Hohenberg ... His war acts are also the subject of this miniature". «... The miniature of the manuscript with the most figures shows the war acts of the Swiss minstrel Count Wernher von Homberg. Here the struggle at the gates of a city is depicted; the count rides with his army from the right, the enemy awaits him on the left - in the foreground the infantry, shown much smaller in proportion to the knights. Only four of his warriors can be seen, marked by their short skirts as not being noble; the many spherical helmets indicate a large crowd fighting under the shield with the red lily ».
Werner von Homberg in literature
The figure of the count is mentioned in Johannes Hadlaub's Die Vier Tagelieder from the first quarter of the 14th century and in Gottfried Keller's Zurich novellas in Hadlaub (1878):
- «… It was Count Wernher von Homberg auf Rapperswyl, a young man of about twenty years of age, tall and splendid, and already a consummate knight by reputation, firm and measured, bold and fiery in sight, the same one after Albrecht's death at a young age under King Heinrich von Lüzelburg he became imperial bailiff in the three countries of original Switzerland, then supreme imperial field captain in Italy and leader of the Lombard Ghibelline League and distinguished himself through his war acts. When he appeared in arms, he was more than seven feet high, for the white necks of the Wandelburg double swan arched up over his helmet, the sparkling ruby rings in the beaks and such stones in the eyes, while the golden shield shows the Homberg eagles from black sable showed. The long, wrinkled tunic was covered with the same shields, and the sword fell on his spurs like a young Siegfried ... »
Film documentaries
- The Swiss # Werner Stauffacher - The Battle of Morgarten , four-part documentary by Swiss television , 2013.
literature
- Friedrich Heinrich von der Hagen : Minnesinger. German song poet of the XII. to XIVth century. J. A. Barth, Leipzig, 1838–1861.
- Roger Sablonier : Founding time without confederates. Politics and society in Central Switzerland around 1300. 3rd edition. Hier + Jetzt Verlag für Kultur und Geschichte, Baden 2008, ISBN 978-3-03-919085-0 .
- Max Schiendorfer: The Swiss minstrels. New ed. after the edition by Karl Bartsch. Vol. 1: Texts. Tubingen 1990.
- Wolfgang Schmid : Emperor Heinrich's trip to Rome. For the staging of politics in a Trier illuminated manuscript from the 14th century. Verlag der Landesarchivverwaltung Rheinland-Pfalz, Koblenz 2000, ISBN 3-931014-47-9 (= Mittelrheinische Hefte , 21).
- Georg von Wyss: Count Wernher von Homberg. Reichsvogt in the Waldstätten Uri, Schwyz and Unterwalden and Reichs-Feldhauptmann in Lombardy at the time of Emperor Heinrich VII. Meyer and Zeller, Zurich 1860. (= Notifications of the Antiquarian Society in Zurich, 13, 2, 1, ZDB -ID 280134-6 ).
- Wilhelm Wilmanns : Homberg, Count Wernher von . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 13, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1881, p. 40. According to Wilmanns, he is not the minstrel of the same name.
Web links
- Hans Stadler: Homberg, Werner von. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
- Heidelberg University Library website: Complete digital facsimile of the Codex Manesse
- Works by Wernher von Hohenberg in the Gutenberg-DE project
Individual evidence
- ↑ Kocher 1952: Family table 4.
- ↑ Martina Wehrli-Johns: Oetenbach. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland .
- ^ Aegidius Tschudi: Chronicon Helveticum, Volume IS 229
- ^ History of Switzerland, The time of foreign policy successes (1231–1515).
- ^ Wilhelm Oechsli: Stauffacher . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 35, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1893, pp. 523-527.
- ↑ Einsiedeln monastery archives, Book of Professors: Abbots, 21. John I of Schwanden
- ^ University of Heidelberg, Codex Manesse: Count Wernher von Homberg (folio 43v) .
- ^ Website Deutsche Liebeslyrik, Süße Minne Pure Minne ( Memento from April 16, 2008 in the Internet Archive ): Werner von Homberg's Minnelied Well me today and forever ...
- ↑ Ulrich Gerster, Regine Helbling: War and Peace in the Fine Arts. In: Zurich Contributions to Security Policy and Conflict Research, Issue No. 39. ETH Zurich , Zurich 1996.
- ^ Gottfried Keller: Zurich novellas in the Gutenberg-DE project
See also
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Werner von Homberg |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Werner von Hohenberg; Wernher von Homberg |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Swiss count, minstrel and war captain |
| DATE OF BIRTH | 1284 |
| DATE OF DEATH | March 21, 1320 |
| Place of death | at Genoa |