Alfred Schulz (doctor)

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Karl Eugen Alfred Schulz (born September 13, 1890 in Dresden ; † November 1, 1947 in Zwickau ) was a German psychiatrist and Nazi doctor .

Life

Schulz studied medicine at the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU) in the summer semester of 1914 after receiving his secondary school leaving certificate .

As a medical student, he registered as a volunteer with the army in 1914 at the beginning of the First World War and was awarded the Iron Cross 2nd class and the military St. Henry's in 1915 as a field doctor in the Royal Saxon Reserve Infantry Regiment 242 after the war in Flanders . Medal awarded. The student directory for the summer semester of 1919 at LMU shows that he was a French prisoner of war.

He wrote his dissertation on a case of severe esophageal dilatation with spasm and a diverticulum in the lower part of the esophagus in 1921 at the University of Leipzig .

time of the nationalsocialism

In 1933 Schulz joined the Stahlhelm, Bund der Frontsoldaten . He was a member of the SA from 1934 (there also SA-Sturmführer ) and from 1937 a member of the NSDAP .

Until April 1939 Schulz worked as a government medical director in the counseling center for people with mental disorders of the city of Leipzig's health department. On May 1, 1939, he became director of the state institute Großschweidnitz (today Saxon Hospital Großschweidnitz ). In addition, he was from May 7, 1943 as a " T4 " appraiser. Since July 1940, patients from his institution, which acted as an intermediate institution for the Nazi killing center in Pirna-Sonnenstein , were transferred to it. In addition, a so-called “tablet campaign” took place in Großschweidnitz in 1940 against children from the Katharinenhof Großhennersdorf , which had previously been largely closed . He had them poisoned with phenobarbital (Luminal). He was also responsible for the “ children's department ” under Arthur Mittag, which had been evacuated from Leipzig-Dösen to there since December 1943 .

Schulz himself described the drug killing, which was accompanied by systematic food deprivation, several times as a "pill action", and Gerhard Wischer , who was also involved, as "twilight sleep cures". Both stated in later investigations that they were expressly requested by Alfred Fernholz to "assist in dying". Between mid-1943 and September 1944 alone, around 2,400 patients were killed in Großschweidnitz as a result of malnutrition combined with drug overdoses. Doctors and nursing staff were either aware of or involved.

After the Second World War

Schulz was arrested by Russian troops on September 13, 1945, first questioned about the murders by the Soviet military administration in Germany, and handed over to the German authorities on June 21, 1946. He was legally represented by Günther Nollau in the Dresden euthanasia trial after the war . His person was questioned on June 27, 1947 in the Dresden-Friedrichstadt hospital . Regarding the allegations that under his leadership of the institution, especially in 1945, the death rate rose massively, he said that this was due to the fact that a particularly large number of drugs were given at the time.

Shortly after the charges were brought, Schulz fell ill and died in the Zwickau detention hospital. Some sources indicate that he evaded his responsibility by suicide while he was in custody before the Dresden medical trial was opened. According to other sources, he died of pulmonary tuberculosis and severe heart disease.

He was married and had two children.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Headcount at the Ludwig Maximilians University in Munich. Summer half-year 1914. C. Wolf & Sohn, Munich 1914, p. 160. ( pdf )
  2. ^ Headcount at the Ludwig Maximilians University in Munich. Summer half year 1915. C. Wolf & Sohn, Munich 1915, p. XXII u. XXXIII. ( pdf )
  3. ^ Headcount at the Ludwig Maximilians University in Munich. Summer half-year 1919. C. Wolf & Sohn, Munich 1919, p. 113. ( pdf )
  4. ↑ Karl Eugen Alfred Schulz: A case of severe esophageal dilation with spasm and a diverticulum in the lower part of the esophagus. E. Lehmann, Leipzig 1921.
  5. ↑ Kerstin Schneider : Marie's file: An unbelievable criminal case. neobooks, 2014, p. 110.
  6. ↑ a b Joachim Stephan Hohmann : The "Euthanasia" process Dresden 1947. A contemporary historical documentation. Lang, Frankfurt am Main et al. 1993, p. 270 ff.
  7. ↑ General journal for psychiatry and its border areas. Volumes 111–112, Deutschlands Irrenärzten (Ed.), G. Reimer, 1939, p. 408.
  8. ↑ Maike Rotzoll: The National Socialist “Euthanasia” campaign “T4” and its victims. History and Ethical Consequences for the Present. Ferdinand Schöningh, 2010, p. 417.
  9. ↑ Boris Böhm; Julius Scharnetzky: “We demand the most severe punishment.” The Dresden “euthanasia” trial in 1947 and the public. In: Jörg Osterloh (ed.); Clemens Vollnhals (Hrsg.): Nazi trials and German public. Occupation, early Federal Republic and GDR. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2012, p. 189 ff.
  10. ↑ Theo R. Payk: Psychiatrists and psychotherapists. Job profiles in medical and psychological medicine. Kohlhammer Verlag, 2011, p. 138.
  11. ^ The Saxon special route in the Nazi "euthanasia". Conference from May 15 to 17, 2001 in Pirna-Sonnenstein. Working group for research into National Socialist “euthanasia” and forced sterilization, Klemm & Oelschläger, 2001, p. 83.
  12. ↑ Gerald Hacke; Birgit Sack (Ed.): Münchner Platz, Dresden. Saxon Memorials Foundation in memory of the victims of political tyranny , 2001, p. 137.
  13. ↑ 116. Statement by Dr. Schulz, Anstalt Großschweidnitz (Saxony), on the increase in the death rate in 1945. In: Ernst Klee : Documents on "Euthanasia". Fischer Taschenbuch, 1985, p. 323.
  14. ↑ Detlef Krell; Andreas Schönfelder: Children's material. The Katharinenhof in Grosshennersdorf and the National Socialist destruction of "life unworthy of life". Educational work on further thinking eV Heinrich Böll Foundation, 1966, p. 117.
  15. ↑ cf. Thomas Schilter: Inhuman discretion. The National Socialist “euthanasia” killing center in Pirna-Sonnenstein 1940/41. Kiepenheuer, 1999, p. 136.
  16. ↑ cf. Author's Notes. Kerstin Schneider: Marie's file: An unbelievable criminal case. P. 196.
  17. ↑ Kerstin Schneider: Marie's file: An unbelievable criminal case. P. 110 f.
personal data
SURNAME Schulz, Alfred
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Schulz, Karl Eugen Alfred (full name); Schulz, Eugen Alfred
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German psychiatrist and Nazi doctor
DATE OF BIRTH September 13, 1890
PLACE OF BIRTH Dresden
DATE OF DEATH November 1, 1947
Place of death Zwickau