Alpedriz
Alpedriz is a place and a former Portuguese municipality ( Freguesia ) in the Alcobaça district in the Leiria district , in the historic province of Estremadura . The municipality is located about 10 km from Alcobaça. The community had 780 inhabitants (as of June 30, 2011) and was 16.2 km² in size. In 1989 the until 2013 independent municipality of Montes was spun off. Until 2013, Alpedriz consisted of 8 other localities and hamlets. In historical times Alpedriz was a town, formed its own district until it was dissolved in 1836 and still had more than 1000 inhabitants in the 19th century.
founding
Alpedriz derives its name from a Latin foundation petrinae ( little stones) with the Arabic prefix * al- which was added in the middle of the 9th century. Although Alpedriz was almost in the middle of the Coutos de Alcobaça , the secular domain of the Abbey of Alcobaça , the city never belonged to the territory of the abbey. It was liberated from the Moors in 1147 by the Portuguese King Afonso Henriques as part of the Reconquista and received town charter from him in 1150, three years before King Afonso Henriques gave the abbot of the Cistercian order of Clairvaux , Saint Bernard of Clairvaux , almost 500 km² large area between the Serra dos Candeieiros and the Atlantic Ocean around Alcobaça.
Order of Avis
King Sancho I (1154–1211) donated the city to the Knightly Order of Avis , to which it was subject until the order was secularized in 1779 and its final abolition in 1834. However, the Order of Avis itself has been under the jurisdiction of the Abbot of Alcobaça since 1567, after he, as Abbot General of the Autonomous Cistercian Congregation of Saint Bernard of Alcobaça, had jurisdiction over all Cistercian orders in Portugal and also over the military orders such as that of Avis , had taken over. After the final dissolution of all orders, Alpedriz remained an independent district for two years and was then added to the district of Alcobaça in 1836 as part of a general district reform.
Early roots
However, the roots of the settlement of Alpedriz go back far beyond the time of the Moorish rule. In the associated village of Ribeira do Pereiro , traces of a Neolithic settlement were found, as in the form of a grave. There is a great deal of evidence from Roman times throughout the municipality, including that of Montes. At that time, wine is said to have been grown, especially on the heights rising towards Montes. A bridge in Alpredriz is said to be part of a Roman bridge that connected the road between the Roman cities of Eburobritium (near today's Óbidos ) and Colipo (today in São Sebastião do Freixo near Leiria) and on to Conimbriga (near today's Coimbra ). From the more than four hundred year old Moorish past, only the name of a spring remains, Fonte da Moura (source of the Maurin) together with a legend of a young Mauritian who was enchanted there.
Attractions
In addition to the remains of the Roman bridge, Alpedriz also has a stake ( Pelourinho in Portuguese for poor sinners column), which, as in the other cities of the neighboring Coutos de Alcobaça, was erected as a result of a stake from King Manuel (1469– 1521) implemented general city reform was established. King Manuel had complied with the cities' demands for greater independence from the clergy and had given them their own lower jurisdiction. At the same time, the stake was a reminder of the continuing jurisdiction and the obligation to pay tribute to the clergy. Only parts of the stake have survived after it was robbed and destroyed twice (1973 and 1992). In addition to a court, the city also had its own prison, hospital and poor house. Their rights were even mentioned and secured in papal bulls .
Churches and chapels
A sundial was attached to a chapel of the Holy of Holies , which presumably dates back to the time when the city was first granted city rights. Some believe that it dates back to Roman times. The chapel was demolished in the early 1940s because it stood in the way of the increasing traffic of wooden vehicles. The sundial was embedded in a nearby part of the building, a small part of which still exists today, in which the clock is located. The parish church, consecrated both to the Nossa Senhora da Esperança (Our Lady of Hope) and to Maria Magdalena , comes from the Baroque in its current form , but dates back to the Middle Ages . Mary Hope is venerated there in the form of a statue from the 15th century. At least according to legend, the chapel of St. António also dates back to the 13th century. According to this, Saint António, who was born in Lisbon, is said to have rested under a pine tree while passing through Alpedriz, later the pine tree successfully resisted all attempts to fell or burn it. In memory of this, the chapel was built there.
Famous citizens
Pope John XXI was born in Alpedriz . was, whose real name was Pedro Julio (1205-1277). Alpedriz became a titular county at the end of the 19th century when King Carlos (1863-1908) appointed José Eugênio da Silva, who had made a name for himself in Brazil, as Visconde de Alpedriz.
present
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To this day, Alpedriz has still retained the structure of a late medieval small town, which is reminiscent of its earlier importance, even if many older buildings in particular are increasingly falling into disrepair. The modern population is active in the production of building materials, glass, packaging, as well as agriculture in the form of fruit and vegetable growing and viticulture (especially in the former municipality of Montes).
On September 29, 2013, the Freguesias Alpedriz, Coz and Montes were merged to form the new Freguesia União das Freguesias de Cós, Alpedriz e Montes .
literature
- Maria Zulmira Albuquerque Furtado Marques: Por Terras do Antigos Coutos de Alcobaça. Alcobaça 1994.
Web links
- Map of the Freguesia Alpedriz at the Instituto Geográfico do Exército
Individual evidence
- ↑ Alpedrinha. In: Dicionário infopédia de Toponímia. Porto Editora, accessed March 28, 2018 (Portuguese).
- ^ Maur Cocheril: Alcobaça, Abadia Cisterciense de Portugal. Alcobaça 1989, p. 33
- ↑ Pelourinho de Alpedriz. In: Pesquisa Geral - Pesquisa do Patrimonio. Direção Geral do Património Cultural , accessed March 28, 2018 (Portuguese).
- ^ Page of the municipality of Alpedriz under: População. Freguesia de Alpedriz - Alcobaça. Archived from the original on July 19, 2012 ; Retrieved March 28, 2018 (Portuguese).
- ^ Publication of the administrative reorganization in the Diário da República gazette of January 28, 2013, accessed on October 1, 2014
Coordinates: 39 ° 38 ′ N , 8 ° 57 ′ W