Old weights and measures (Russia)

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Old weights and measures in Russia

Before Tsar Peter the Great , different systems of measurement existed in Russia. In the early 18th century, the English foot measurement was adopted . However, attempts were made to come close to traditional Russian dimensions. The system then applied throughout Russia until October 11, 1835, when it was replaced by the metric system of measurement .

Length measurements

Dimensions of approx. 33–37 cm are called pygms in classical Greek metrology. H. 18 finger cubits or as pygons, 20 finger cubits. In other languages, such very small cubits - in the absence of a word - are often referred to as "feet". The old Russian cubit, arschin , was certainly such a "double foot " of 36 or 40 finger widths. When the various regional dimensions were to be combined with the help of the value of the English foot, 14 thumbs were chosen and thus (like the ancient Egyptians) a cubit divided by 28 came about. The proportions of the small units of measurement are to be understood as attempts at decimalization of the 19th century.

transcription Cyrillic German definition engl. inch SI units *
Totschka точка Point 110 linja 1100 = 254 µm
Linija линия line 110 diuim 110 = 2.54 mm
Djuim дюйм Inch (thumb) 1 diuim = 1 inch 1 = 2.54 cm
Werschok вершок sixteenth of a cubit 14 pjad 74 = 4.445 cm
Cheetwert , Pyad четверть, пядь Quarter cubit, span 14 arsin 7th = 17.78 cm
Fut * фут (с английского) foot 12 diuim = 1 foot 12 = 30.48 cm
Stopa стопа half cubit (old "foot") ½ arshin 14th = 35.56 cm
Arshin аршин Cubit 13 bags 28 = 71.12 cm
Saschen сажень triple cubit 7 fut 28 × 3 = 2.1336 m
Werst верста Werst 500 bags 28 × 1500 = 1.0668 km
Milja миля mile 7 Werst 28 × 1500 × 7 = 7.4676 km
* Value of the English inch or foot from 1959. The deviation from the old English foot is so small that it is within the usual measurement inaccuracy of the time.

Area dimensions

transcription Cyrillic German definition Size in SI units
Djuim² дюйм² Square inches 000001 djuim² = 1 square inch = 6.4516 cm²
Fut² фут² Square feet 000144 Diuim² = 1 square foot = 929.0304 cm² ≈ 9.29 dm²
Arshin² аршин²   000784 Diuim² = 5058.0544 cm² ≈ 50.58 dm²
Saschen² сажень²   000009 arsin² = 49 fut² = 45,522.4896 cm² ≈ 4.55 m²
Dessjatine десятина   002400 bags² = 10,925.3975 m² ≈ 1.1 ha
Werst² верста²   250,000 bags² = 1,138,062.24 m² ≈ 1.138 km²

Until 1753 the Dessjatine was equal to 2500 square ashes, i. H. the area of ​​a square with a side length of 1/10 werst (approx. 11,381 m²) and was divided into two Cheet values. There were also dessjatines of 80 × 40 (= 3200), 60 × 60 (= 3600), 80 × 100 (= 8000) and 100 × 100 (= 10,000) square ashes (1.457 ha, 1.639 ha, 3.642 ha and 4.552 ha ).

Room dimensions

Dry measure

transcription Cyrillic German definition Size in SI units
Yarn net гарнец 0001 yarn net = ½ Tschetwerka ≈ 3.28 l
Cheetwerka четверка 0002 yarn net = ¼ Cheetwerik ≈ 6.559 l
Cheetverik четверик 0008 yarn net ≈ 26.238 l
Pajak паяк 0016 Garnetz = 2 Tschetwerik ≈ 52.476 l
Osmin осьмин 0032 yarn net = 2 pajaks ≈ 104.951 l
Cheetwert четверть quarter 0064 yarn net = 2 osmina ≈ 209.902 l
load ласт load 1024 yarn net = 16 Tschetwert ≈ 3358.432 l

Definition: 1 yarn net = 200 cubic djuim = 200 cubic inch .

Liquid measures

transcription Cyrillic German definition Size in SI units
Shkalik шкалик 1200 Wedro = ½ Charka ≈ 61 ml
Charka чарка 1100 Wedro = 110 Kruschka ≈ 123 ml
Kruschka кружка 110 Wedro = 1 Schtof ≈ 1.23 l
Wedro ведро bucket 01 Wedro ≈ 12.29941 l
anchor анкер anchor 03 Wedra ≈ 36.898 l
Botschka бочка barrel 40 Wedra ≈ 491.976 l
Butilka бутылка Vodka, beer bottle 120 Wedro = 15 Tschetwert ≈ 0.615 l
Wine bottle 116 Wedro = 14 Tschetwert ≈ 0.769 l
Schtof штоф Fabric 110 Wedro = 1 Kruschka ≈ 1.23 l
Cheetwert четверть Quarter, quart 14 wedro ≈ 3.0748 l

A Wedro water weighs around 30 fun, which was also used as a definition in the 19th century. Another definition was 1 wedro = 750 cubic djuim = 750 cubic inch

Weight measurements

transcription Cyrillic German definition Size in SI units
Dolja доля 44434.9 ± 0.1 µg = 44.4349 mg
Solotnik золотник 0096 dolja = 13 lot = 4.2667504 g ≈ 4.267 g
Lot лот Lot 0288 Dolja = 132 Funt = 12.7972512 g ≈ 12.80 g
Lana лана (Ounce) 0768 Dolja = 112 Funt = 34.1260032 g ≈ 34.13 g
Funt фунт lb 9216 Dolja = 409.5120384 g ≈ 409.5 g
Pud пуд 0040 Funt = 16,380.481536 g ≈ 16.38 kg
Korsez 0240 funt = 6 poods = 98.282.889216 g ≈ 98.28 kg
Berkowetz берковец Ship pound, Berkowitz 0400 funt = 10 pud = 163,804.81536 g ≈ 163.8 kg
pack паккен 1200 Funt = 3 Berkowetz = 491,414.44608 g ≈ 491.4 kg

(Source see below)

See also

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. Russian units of mass (English)