Americium (III) chloride

Crystal structure
	__ On 3+ __ Cl -
Crystal system	hexagonal
Space group	P 6 3 / m (No. 176)
Lattice parameters	a = 738.2 pm ; c = 421.4 pm
Coordination numbers	On [9], Cl [3]
General
Surname	Americium (III) chloride
other names	Americium trichloride
Ratio formula	AmCl 3
Brief description	pink hexagonal crystals
External identifiers / databases
PubChem	17815325
Wikidata	Q413733
properties
Molar mass	349.42 g mol −1
Physical state	firmly
density	5.87 g cm −3
Melting point	715 ° C
boiling point	1253 ° C
Hazard and safety information
	; Radioactive
GHS hazard labeling ; no classification available
GHS hazard labeling ; no classification available
	As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions .

Americium (III) chloride is a chloride of the artificial element and actinoid americium with the molecular formula AmCl ₃ . Americium occurs in this salt in the +3 oxidation state.

properties

Americium (III) chloride forms pink hexagonal crystals. Its crystal structure is isotype with uranium (III) chloride . In the structure, the americium atoms are each surrounded by nine chlorine atoms; the coordination polyhedron is a triple-capped, trigonal prism with the lattice parameters a = 738 pm and c = 421 pm and two formula units per unit cell . The melting point of the compound is 715 ° C.

The hexahydrate (AmCl ₃ · 6 H ₂ O) has a monoclinic crystal structure with: a = 970.2 pm, b = 656.7 pm and c = 800.9 pm and β = 93 ° 37 '; Room group : P 2 / n (No. 13, position 2) . Template: room group / 13.2

use

Americium (III) chloride can be more easily reduced to americium (II) chloride in a NaCl salt melt in the presence of americium. This can be used to separate the americium from plutonium.

safety instructions

Classifications according to the CLP regulation are not available because they only include chemical hazard and play a completely subordinate role compared to the hazards based on radioactivity . The latter also only applies if the amount of substance involved is relevant.

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c Dale L. Perry: Handbook of Inorganic Compounds. CRC Press, 1995, ISBN 978-0-8493-8671-8 , p. 15 ( limited preview in Google book search).
↑ Americium (III) chloride at www.webelements.com.
↑ F. Weigel, W. Schuster: The vapor pressure of americium (III) chloride: An ultramicro apparatus for the determination of saturation vapor pressures of actinide halides , in: Journal of Less Common Metals , 1985 , 113 (1), p. 157-176 ( doi: 10.1016 / 0022-5088 (85) 90157-2 ).
↑ The hazards emanating from radioactivity do not belong to the properties to be classified according to the GHS labeling. With regard to other hazards, this substance has either not yet been classified or a reliable and citable source has not yet been found.
Jump up ↑ LB Asprey, TK Keenan, FH Kruse: Crystal Structures of the Trifluorides, Trichlorides, Tribromides, and Triiodides of Americium and Curium , in: Inorg. Chem. , 1965 , 4 (7), pp. 985-986 ( doi: 10.1021 / ic50029a013 ).
↑ John H. Burns, Joseph Richard Peterson: The Crystal Structures of Americium Trichloride Hexahydrate and Berkelium Trichloride Hexahydrate , in: Inorg. Chem. , 1971 , 10 (1), pp. 147-151 ( doi: 10.1021 / ic50095a029 ).
^ OECD Nuclear Energy Agency: Proceedings of the Workshop on Pyrochemical Separations. Nuclear Energy Agency, Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001, ISBN 978-92-64-18443-5 , pp. 276-277 ( limited preview in Google book search).
^ DIANE Publishing: Plutonium Processing In The Nuclear Weapons Complex. DIANE Publishing, 1992, ISBN 978-1-56806-568-7 , p. 21 ( limited preview in Google book search).

literature

Wolfgang H. Runde, Wallace W. Schulz: Americium , in: Lester R. Morss, Norman M. Edelstein, Jean Fuger (Eds.): The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements , Springer, Dordrecht 2006; ISBN 1-4020-3555-1 , pp. 1265-1395 ( doi : 10.1007 / 1-4020-3598-5_8 ).

[hand-1] Dale L. Perry: Handbook of Inorganic Compounds. CRC Press, 1995, ISBN 978-0-8493-8671-8 , p. 15 ( limited preview in Google book search).

[webelements-2] Americium (III) chloride at www.webelements.com.

[Literatur-3] F. Weigel, W. Schuster: The vapor pressure of americium (III) chloride: An ultramicro apparatus for the determination of saturation vapor pressures of actinide halides , in: Journal of Less Common Metals , 1985 , 113 (1), p. 157-176 ( doi: 10.1016 / 0022-5088 (85) 90157-2 ).

[NV-4] The hazards emanating from radioactivity do not belong to the properties to be classified according to the GHS labeling. With regard to other hazards, this substance has either not yet been classified or a reliable and citable source has not yet been found.

[5] Jump up ↑ LB Asprey, TK Keenan, FH Kruse: Crystal Structures of the Trifluorides, Trichlorides, Tribromides, and Triiodides of Americium and Curium , in: Inorg. Chem. , 1965 , 4 (7), pp. 985-986 ( doi: 10.1021 / ic50029a013 ).

[6] John H. Burns, Joseph Richard Peterson: The Crystal Structures of Americium Trichloride Hexahydrate and Berkelium Trichloride Hexahydrate , in: Inorg. Chem. , 1971 , 10 (1), pp. 147-151 ( doi: 10.1021 / ic50095a029 ).

[pyro-7] OECD Nuclear Energy Agency: Proceedings of the Workshop on Pyrochemical Separations. Nuclear Energy Agency, Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2001, ISBN 978-92-64-18443-5 , pp. 276-277 ( limited preview in Google book search).

[nuke-8] DIANE Publishing: Plutonium Processing In The Nuclear Weapons Complex. DIANE Publishing, 1992, ISBN 978-1-56806-568-7 , p. 21 ( limited preview in Google book search).